State and municipal finances. Structure of the financial system (most important)

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State and municipal finances. Structure of the financial system (most important)

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50. The structure of the financial system

At first, there was one link in the structure of the financial system - the state budget. At present, there are five links in the financial system in Russia: the state budget, off-budget special funds, state credit, insurance and property funds, and enterprise finance.

It is also necessary to distinguish between decentralized and centralized finance. So, for example, the finances of enterprises and property funds are classified as decentralized finance, while the rest of the links are centralized.

The differentiation of the financial system is due to the tasks performed by it, as well as the methods of accumulation and functioning of monetary funds. Centralized finance plays the most important role. With their help, the country's government sets the direction of economic development, the main course of investment, and the pace of development of the national economy.

The state budget Russia consists of three levels. This is typical of a federal state. There is a state budget, budgets of subjects of the Federation and local budgets.

Extra-budgetary funds are funds that are mainly in the hands of state organizations:

1) the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation;

2) Employment Fund of the Russian Federation;

3) Social Security Fund;

4) Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.

State loan formed as a result of the budget deficit. These are funds that the government of a country borrows from its own population or from other countries. It can also be funds that the state gives to someone. Forms of public credit are government loans and treasury loans. Enterprise finance is divided into:

1) finances of enterprises that exist on a commercial basis;

2) finances of institutions, organizations engaged in non-commercial activities;

3) finances of public organizations (public funds, trade unions).

Insurance is a certain specific sphere, which has separate links:

1) personal insurance;

2) social insurance;

3) property insurance;

4) business risk insurance;

5) liability insurance.

Author: Novikova M.V.

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