General concepts of production processes. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

General concepts of production processes. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Any production is a combination of a variety of processes, among which are highlighted processes directly related to the production of products.

These processes share according to the principle of their role in the manufacture of the final product to:

the main processes are technological processes during which changes in the geometric shapes, sizes and physico-chemical properties of products occur;
auxiliary processes are processes that ensure the uninterrupted flow of the main processes (manufacturing and repair of tools, equipment); supply and disconnection of energy;
service processes are processes associated with the maintenance of both main and auxiliary (storage, transportation, technical control, etc.) processes.

For the temporal characteristics of technological processes, they are usually divided into phases.

Process phase - a set of works, the performance of which characterizes the completion of a certain part of the technological process and is associated with the transition of the object of labor from one qualitative state to another.

Each phase of the technological process consists of technological actions, operations, sequentially performed on a given object of labor.

Operation - a part of the technological process performed at one workplace (machine, stand, unit, etc.), consisting of a series of actions on each object of labor or a group of jointly processed objects.

Operations depending on the means of labor used are divided into:

manual - performed without the use of machines, mechanisms and mechanized tools;
machine-manual - performed with the help of machines or hand tools with the continuous participation of the worker;
machine - performed on machines, installations, units with limited participation of the worker (for example, installation, fixing, starting and stopping the machine, unfastening and removing the part, etc.);
automated - performed on automatic equipment or automatic lines.

In the course of the production process, there is a possibility of human exposure to certain hazardous and harmful production factors.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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