State and municipal finances. State and municipal loans (the most important)

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State and municipal finances. State and municipal loans (the most important)

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53. State and municipal loans

One of the elements of the financial system of the state is government loan, which is a special, specific form of credit in which municipal or state authorities act as a lender or borrower. The loan then takes the form of a government loan. The loan is realized through a certain bank. If the state acts as a borrower, it attracts temporarily free funds from citizens, and also collects from international financial funds. In this case, it is necessary to specify all the conditions:

1) payment;

2) urgency;

3) return.

The state, being the guarantor, is responsible for repaying the loan.

In the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, a municipal loan is defined as one of the types of internal borrowing within the framework of the expenditures of the corresponding budgets. Municipal loans are a form of state credit, as a result of which the funds of the population are transformed into the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the purposes of local governments.

Sources of municipal loan:

1) local population;

2) the state;

3) mutual credit;

4) financial and credit organizations.

It should be noted that a mutual loan combines the funds of municipal authorities to solve certain specific problems.

Municipal credit helps local governments to solve the problems of additional budget revenues:

1) repayment of loans;

2) budget deficit;

3) financing programs of municipal programs;

4) pooling and placement of taxpayers' funds that have not yet been involved anywhere.

Functions of the state loan:

1) regulatory;

2) distribution;

3) control.

Tax rates do not increase at the time of issuing a loan; upon repayment, taxes are levied on payment of interest on the loan. In each case, the sources of repayment depend on the direction of the loan. The object invested by the loan repays the loan at the expense of profit. The most important function of public credit is regulatory, it consists of:

1) in the implementation of financial policy through the attraction of funds;

2) affecting the employment of the population;

3) production of the level of interest rates and the state of money circulation.

As a result of lending, the funds of individuals are mobilized for production costs.

Author: Novikova M.V.

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