State and municipal finances. Budget system of the Russian Federation (the most important)

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State and municipal finances. Budget system of the Russian Federation (the most important)

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4. The budget system of the Russian Federation

The federal budget is the financial basis of the government and plays the leading role. Expenses and incomes of local budgets under a federal structure are not included in the budgets of the members of the federation, and the expenses and incomes of the members of the federation are not included in the federal budget.

The federal budget includes basic taxes. US personal income tax and corporate income tax revenues are 60%. The most important expenses are assigned to the federal budget: military, economic, some social, administrative.

The lion's share of revenues to the budgets of the lands are the so-called direct taxes: income tax, inheritance tax, corporate income tax, property tax. The main sources of revenue in the budget of the provinces, for example Canada, are excises, income tax, corporate income tax, payments to social insurance funds.

The expenditure of the budgets of the members of the federation is carried out depending on their functions in economic and social activities, the provision of financial assistance to agriculture and individual industries, the maintenance of the administrative apparatus (judicial bodies, police).

All levels of the budget chain are closely interconnected. Each state differs in the ways of interaction between the links of the budget system.

In accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the budget system of the Russian Federation consists of the budgets of the following levels:

1) the federal budget and the budgets of state off-budget funds;

2) the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the budgets of territorial state extra-budgetary funds;

3) local budgets of municipal districts, urban districts, intra-city municipal formations of federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg;

4) budgets of urban and rural settlements.

At each level there is a process of development, adoption, execution, control of financial resources of budgets.

Federal budget and the budgets of state off-budget funds are developed and approved in the form of federal laws.

Budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation and the budgets of territorial state non-budgetary funds are developed and approved in the form of laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Local budgets are developed and approved in the form of legal acts of representative bodies of local self-government.

For all levels, the annual budget is prepared for one financial year, which corresponds to the calendar year.

The total of all budgets in the respective territory is consolidated budget.

The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation includes:

1) the federal budget;

2) a set of budgets of other levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation.

The consolidated budget does not include the budgets of state and territorial off-budget funds. Intergovernmental transfers are also not included in this system.

Author: Novikova M.V.

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