Which country is the smallest in the world? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Which country is the smallest in the world? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

Which country is the smallest in the world?

When we say the word "country" we usually mean an independent state with a certain territory and its own government. The smallest independent state in the world is the Vatican. It is located in the center of Rome, the capital of Italy, and has an area of only 0,45 square meters. km! This is the place where the supreme governing bodies of the Catholic Church are located.

The head of state of the Vatican - the Pope - governs the country through a governor appointed by him. The Vatican has its own flag, post office, railway station and even money. It also has its own telephone network and broadcasting station. Funding for financial expenses comes primarily from cash donations from Catholics around the world and from tourism.

Inside the Vatican, among the gardens, is the Vatican Palace - the residence of the Pope - St. Peter's Basilica. The papal palace houses museums and a library. The Vatican Library, which occupies an entire wing of the palace, is one of the largest in the world. The Vatican maintains diplomatic relations with other countries. Representatives of states from all over the world arrive there.

For many years, the heads of the Catholic Church ruled over quite a vast territory in central Italy. In 1859, these lands, called the Papal States, occupied almost 32 square meters. km. In 000, Rome became the capital of Italy. Despite the protest of the Pope, the Papal States became the Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, by agreement between the Pope and the Italian government, the state of Vatican City was created.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who are El Niño and La Niña?

The Spanish name El nino - a boy, and also the baby Christ (according to the Catholic tradition) - meteorologists call a warm current in the Pacific Ocean, which is found at irregular intervals during Christmas off the coast of Peru. It affects the climate of the region, causing drastic weather changes. Sometimes a cold current is also found nearby - La nina (in Spanish - a girl).

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ When was the Colosseum opened and how long did the gladiator games dedicated to this event last?

▪ What is acne?

▪ How did the Haitian dictator modify the ballots for the elections and the referendum?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

0,34nm gate transistor 19.03.2022

A group of Chinese scientists came up with an unusual transistor design. Thanks to their unique design, they made the world's smallest transistor with a gate length of just 0,34 nm. Further reduction of the gate length using traditional technical processes is in principle impossible, because we are talking about a gate length equal to the width of one carbon atom.

The scientists called the new transistor a vertical sidewall transistor. The idea of a vertical arrangement of the transistor channel, by the way, was also recently implemented by Samsung and IBM, which we once talked about. But the Chinese developers were able to surprise. The gate in the new transistor is a slice of one atomic layer of graphene, and its thickness, as you know, is equal to the thickness of one carbon atom, or about 0,34 nm. And the most amazing thing is that no modern lithographic scanners are needed to make a shutter of this length. All the necessary fine components are created using vacuum deposition processes.

How does this happen? A conventional silicon substrate is taken. She plays the role of foundation. Silicon does not participate in electrical processes in any way, although, theoretically, it can protect against leakage currents. Two steps are made on the silicon layer from an alloy of titanium and palladium. A sheet of graphene is placed on the top step. It doesn't need precision. It will be achieved later by conventional etching. A layer of aluminum pre-oxidized in air is placed on a graphene sheet. The oxide serves as an insulator for the structure. Therefore, aluminum does not participate in the electrical circuit of the transistor, although there is no complete clarity in the purpose of the aluminum layer.

The aluminum stacking field is subjected to conventional etching, during which the graphene edge is exposed, including the cut of the aluminum lining. This forms a graphene gate 0,34 nm long with a precisely adjusted topology. Just above it, a cut of aluminum is exposed, which can already form an electrical connection with the gate, but not a direct one. At this stage, the thinnest layer of hafnium oxide, an insulator, is applied to both steps and to the side wall, which excludes the electrical connection of the gate with the rest of the transistor structure and, in particular, with the transistor channel.

A very thin layer of molybdenum dioxide (MoS2) close to the atomic thickness is applied over the hafnium oxide dielectric. Molybdenum dioxide is a semiconductor, it plays the role of a transistor channel, which is controlled by a gate in the form of a slice of graphene. This results in a structure about two atoms thick, with a gate one atom long. The drain and source of the transistor are metal contacts deposited on molybdenum dioxide. An elegant solution to the problem of Moore's law and, apparently, this will be the end of its action, if we talk about traditional technical processes.

Other interesting news:

▪ Thecus N4 4350-bay NAS

▪ Laser Air Defense System Light Shield

▪ New switching regulator

▪ Teclast X2 Pro Hybrid Tablet

▪ Energy storage in red-hot graphite bricks

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Field strength detectors. Article selection

▪ article by Natalie Clifford Barney. Famous aphorisms

▪ article What weighs more - the food consumed by a person per day, or the air that he inhales over the same period of time? Detailed answer

▪ article Sinegolovnik field. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Electrical measuring instruments. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article A simple adjustable converter on discrete elements, 12-36 volts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews