A simple adjustable converter on discrete elements, 12-36 volts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters

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In the field, away from power lines, power sources that receive energy from car batteries are indispensable. The diagram (Fig. 2.1) shows a 12 ... 36 V voltage converter.

Rice. 2.1. Electrical diagram of the converter

The output DC voltage of 36 V turns out to be indispensable for powering a telephone communication line, consisting of two or more devices. The practical application of the device is in the conditions of widely spaced on the ground houses of one gardening and in many other cases.

The current consumed by the converter from the battery in "idle mode" does not exceed 0,06 A.

The converter is powered by a ST-55A car battery. DC voltage is converted into pulses with a frequency of 25-30 kHz. This is provided by a multivibrator operating in self-oscillating mode and implemented on transistors VT1-VT4. The alternating voltage from the secondary winding is rectified by the diode bridge VD1-VD4, smoothed by the oxide capacitor C3 and supplied to the load.

Output load current without converter voltage loss - 0,4 A; it is due to the parameters of the transformer T1. The voltage at the output of the converter can fluctuate up to 40 V.

Transformer T1 is made on a ferrite ring magnetic circuit M3000NM, size K28x16x9. Winding I contains 20 turns of wire PEV-1 (2) with a diameter of 0,8 mm with a tap from the midpoint, turn to turn. The beginning of the winding is shown in the diagram by a dot. After winding the first circuit, two layers of transformer paper are laid. Winding II is wound from above turn to turn and contains 35 turns of a similar wire with a diameter of 0,31 mm.

Transistors VT1, VT3 from the series KT608 A-B, KT630A-G, KT801, KT815, KT817 with any letter index VT2, VT4 - KT805, KT908 with any letter indices. Rectifier diodes, in addition to those indicated in the diagram, can be used KD213, KD509A. They must be designed to operate at a frequency of at least 30 kHz. Capacitor C3 - oxide, type K52-1, IT, K53-1 All of them have a low leakage current and work well at high frequencies. Capacitors C1, C2 type KM5, KM66 or similar. Fixed resistors type MLT-0,25.

The device does not need to be configured. With error-free installation and serviceable elements, it starts working immediately.

If the converter did not work when it was first turned on (the multivibrator does not start), turn off the battery power and swap the beginning of the windings of the transformer T1.

Elements of a simple circuit can be connected without a printed circuit board, for example, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

Rice. 2.2. Photo of surface mounting of the device

During operation of the device, the high-frequency transformer may whistle slightly. This is not a malfunction. The converter transistors do not need to be mounted on heatsinks.

Instead of a 12 V battery, you can connect a 6 V battery, then the output voltage will drop to 27 ... 28 V.

Authors: Kashkarov A. P., Koldunov A. S.

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