Protection against toxic emissions. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Protection against toxic emissions. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Toxic emissions from the environment enter the body through respiratory tract, through damaged and intact skin, through the gastrointestinal tract. Toxic effect of certain substances may appear in the form secondary lesions (for example, colitis with arsenic and mercury poisoning, etc.). Toxic emissions, getting into the air, slowly settle on the lungs of people, making it difficult to breathe; on the skin, clogging the sweat glands, impeding sweating and evaporation, which interferes with the normal thermoregulatory process, reduces skin resistance and increases the penetration of microbes, and also causes allergic reactions.

General toxic effect on the human body has dust of lead, manganese, antimony, not only causing poisoning, but also having an allergenic effect. At the same time, the filtering capacity of the nasal cavity decreases, chronic inflammatory processes (pulmonary silicosis, tuberculosis) develop in other parts of the respiratory tract, and bronchial asthma may develop. The fibrogenic effect of dust (proliferation of connective tissue in organs) depends on the content of free silicon dioxide.

In addition to dust concentrations hazardous to human health, there are explosive concentrations of organic dust: tobacco, flour, sugar, coal, leather, etc.

The basis for carrying out measures to combat toxic emissions are: Federal Laws "On Environmental Protection" 2002, "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" 1999, "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" 1999, Regulations on the standards of emissions of harmful ( pollutants) into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2000), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Approval of the Regulations on State Control over the Protection of Atmospheric Air" of 2001, etc.

The following measures to reduce dust content with toxic air emissions:

1) isolation of sources of dust formation (sealing of equipment);

2) humidification of air and dust-forming substances;

3) hydro- and pneumotransportation of substances;

4) installation of dust and gas suction devices;

5) deposition of dust (aerosols) in acoustic, electric fields, which not only reduces the dust content of the air, but also helps to capture valuable products of production;

6) the use of the most rational means and methods of cleaning the premises (vacuum cleaners, cleaning machines), the deposition of dust by spraying water;

7) the use of general and local exhaust ventilation;

8) the use of personal protective equipment (gas masks, respirators, overalls, glasses, etc.).

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