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Pine ordinary (pine forest). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Scotch pine (pine forest), Pinus sylvestris. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Pine (Pinus)

Family: Pine (Pinaceae)

Origin: Scots pine comes from Europe, Asia and North America.

Area: The Scots pine is one of the most widespread tree species in the Northern Hemisphere. It grows in Scandinavia, Russia, Western Europe, the Balkans, North America and parts of Asia.

Chemical composition: Scotch pine contains essential oil, resin, gum, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and other useful substances.

Economic value: Scotch pine is an important forest species, used for timber, pulp, paper and other materials. Pine also has medicinal properties and is used in medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases and colds.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Roman mythology, the pine tree was associated with the goddess Diana, who was the goddess of the hunt and the forest. Pine has also been used in religious ceremonies to ward off evil spirits. In Norse mythology, the pine tree was associated with the warrior god Thor. His hammer, Mjolnir, was made from pine wood, and he used it to fight enemies and protect his people. Symbolically, the pine tree is associated with vitality and stamina. It can survive in the most extreme environments, such as dry climates or rocky mountain slopes. This property makes it a symbol of endurance and stamina. In general, pine is associated with many positive qualities such as vitality, resilience, medicinal properties, and economic value.

Scotch pine (pine forest), Pinus sylvestris. Description, illustrations of the plant

Pine. Myths, traditions, symbolism

Despite its wide distribution, it does not play a significant role in folk beliefs in Europe, although dry distillation turpentine, pine soot and pitch, as well as turpentine are extracted from its resin.

On the contrary, in East Asia, the pine is the true "tree of life", which, even in old age, always looks green and fresh; it is highly regarded as a symbol of long life and unchanging marital happiness.

Especially in Chinese art, the pine (song) becomes a symbol of permanence, since it retains its needles even in cold weather; in addition, the paired mode of existence of this tree symbolizes a married couple.

"With her calmness she lengthens her life" (Confucius).

Pine trees were also planted on graves, and old trees were especially revered.

Author: Biedermann G.

Common pine. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application

Coniferous, evergreen tree 20-50 m high. Lives 300-500 years. Grows and bushes, but rarely. The trunk is slender, covered with cracked brown-red or grayish bark. The roots are powerful, strong, numerous, woody.

The branches are spreading, creating a pyramidal or rounded curly crown.

Needles, needles - modified leaves, light green, covered with a resinous wax coating, connected by 2-3 in bunches, last 2-3 years, then fall off.

Blossoms from 15 years in May-June. Male and female inflorescences are located on the same tree. Female - oval bumps in which ovules with seed scales are located. Male ones are at the base of young shoots. Pollen is easily carried by the wind.

Buds - young shoots in the initial stage of growth, fragrant, bitter taste. They ripen in the second year, after 18 months. In March, they fall out of the kidneys, soon germinate. 5-7 cotyledons appear on the surface of the earth.

Young plants grow quickly, adding 30-50 cm per year.

Growth slows down over time.

The needles and buds contain a lot of tannins, bitter substances, mineral salts. There are vitamins C, B1, B2, P, K, carotene, resin, essential oil, anthocyanins. There are more vitamins in winter needles, more resinous and bitter substances in young leaves.

Pine is unpretentious to the soil, resistant to drought, winds, frosts, rains, sun-loving.

With deep, powerful roots, pine fixes the soil, delays the movement of sand, purifies the air of harmful gases, dust, microbes, saturates it with phytoncides, aromatic ethers. In pine forests, where the air is filled with the smell of pine needles, sanatoriums are being built for patients with lung diseases.

For economic purposes, fragrant oil is obtained from needles, which is widely used in the perfume industry for the manufacture of perfumes, soaps, pine water, etc. Baths are scented with coniferous extract, rooms are sprayed with pine water to give the room a forest smell.

Resin flows out of cracks, incisions in the bark - resin, used for the production of acids, turpentine, esters, rosin, terpenes, varnish, alcohols.

Turpentine is prepared from turpentine, etc. Camphor is obtained from turpentine, aromatic substances important for perfumery with the smell of lily of the valley, roses, violets, etc. Coal from pine wood is used in engineering.

From pine resin, sealing wax, wheel ointment, varnish, sizing for paper, high-quality rosin, which is essential for rubbing the bows of musical instruments, are obtained.

Pine resin amber is an excellent material for making a variety of jewelry. It is also used in optical instruments, medical instruments, insulators.

Wood is one of the main building materials.

In nutrition, winter needles of the first year are used. They collect it with branches, store it in a cold place, under the snow. In this case, vitamins are stored for up to 2-3 months, at room conditions, when kept in a container with water - for several days. When storing branches at room conditions, dried vitamins are destroyed after 2-3 days.

Pine drink. Rinse the needles with cold water, put in a colander. When the water drains, grind in a mortar, pour in water and leave in a dark place for 4 hours. Then add table vinegar, sugar, stand for 40 minutes and strain. Store in a cold place. 50 g of needles, 400 ml of water, vinegar, sugar to taste.

Vanillin, obtained from pine, is a valuable food raw material.

In folk medicine, needles, fresh cones, buds, pollen, resin, sawdust are used. Preparations from the needles have an expectorant, antimicrobial, disinfectant, diuretic, antiscorbutic, analgesic effect. Pine buds are used as an expectorant, diuretic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant.

When taking drugs from pine, medical supervision is necessary.

Infusion of pine buds. Infuse 10 g of crushed kidneys in 250 ml of boiling water for 4 hours, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon every 2-3 hours for diseases of the lungs, kidneys.

Infusion of needles, pine buds. 0,5-1 kg of needles or buds insist in 3 liters of boiling water for 4 hours. Apply to baths.

Infusion of resin. Fresh resin (resin) insist in water in the sun for 9 days. Take 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day for respiratory diseases.

A decoction of pine shoots. 15 g of the tops of young shoots insist in 0,5 liters of boiling milk, then boil over low heat for 10 minutes and insist again for 2 hours. Drink a day in 3 doses for respiratory diseases.

A decoction of pine buds. Boil 15-20 g of crushed kidneys in 250 ml of water for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system.

Brew pollen like tea. Drink with rheumatism, gout. Take pollen with honey after serious illnesses, operations.

Fresh pine sawdust, steamed in boiling water, apply to the lower back, sore joints.

Pine buds are part of the diuretic and breast fees.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the plant, severe kidney disease.

They harvest buds, needles, pollen. Buds are harvested in early spring during the swelling period. Blossoming kidneys are unsuitable for medicinal purposes. The tops of the shoots are cut off from young trees cut down by forestry workers (buds are not taken from old trees), dried in the air, in well-ventilated rooms, in the shade.

Dried buds 1-4 cm long, covered with glued fringed scales, pink-brown on the outside, green or greenish-brown at the break, bitter, with a specific resinous odor.

Store in wooden boxes lined with paper in cool, dry, ventilated areas.

Pine needles are harvested in late autumn and winter, at this time it contains more essential oil and vitamin C. Stored in wooden boxes. Pollen is collected during flowering. Store in a glass container, sealed well.

Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.

Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris. Interesting plant facts

Family Pine, class Coniferous, department Gymnosperms.

Leaves in the form of needles - needles. Smooth, sharp, hard needles are fastened in pairs, they remain on the branches for 2-3 years. Trunks below with dark brown bark, above - with red-brown and golden. Pine, like all conifers, does not have flowers. Winged seeds are formed in modified shoots-cones and ripen in the second year. Mature pine cones are drooping, wide-conical, dull.

Pines are tall trees, up to 35 m, live up to 150-200, sometimes up to 400 years.

Pine is unpretentious, grows both on sandy soils, forming mossy forests, and in conditions of high humidity. In the forests, these trees have tall columnar trunks and small pyramidal crowns. Pine trees growing freely on the edges have a small height and a wide spreading crown.

Pine is a photophilous plant.

From the yellowish cones in May, pollen spills out, which falls on the ovules located in other cones. Squirrels, chipmunks, birds feed on ripened seeds. Moose eat young pine shoots. Pine needles - winter food for capercaillie.

Many valuable medicines are made from buds, needles, resins. Oil is extracted from the seeds, which is used to make drying oil. Pine wood is used for the production of building material. Even in the manufacture of paper, pine is used.

In pine forests there are no trees felled by the wind - their roots go deep into the soil. Pine is rich in resin. The resin heals the wounds on the tree, which are caused by irresponsible "lovers" of nature.

Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.

Scots pine (pine forest), Pinus Sylvestris L. Botanical description, area and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry

Evergreen slender coniferous tree, reaching 40 m in height, with whorled branches, of the pine family (Pinaceae).

The bark of the tree is red-brown, brown-yellow towards the top, lamellar. Leaves (needles) are bluish-green, arranged in pairs, hard, 5-7 cm long. Male flowers are collected in gray-yellow cones. Stamens scaly, bearing 2 anthers on the underside. Female spikelets (cones) are reddish, consist of covering and seed scales.

The maturation process of cones lasts 2 years. Seeds are winged, 3-4 mm long.

Range and habitats. Widespread tree in Eurasia, from Spain and Great Britain and further east to the Aldan River basin and the middle reaches of the Amur in Eastern Siberia. In the north, Scots pine grows as far as Lapland, in the south it is found in Mongolia and China.

It forms both pure stands and grows together with spruce, birch, aspen, oak; undemanding to soil and ground conditions, it often occupies areas unsuitable for other types of land: sands, swamps. Adapted to various temperature conditions. Differs in photophilous, well renews on cutting areas and conflagrations, as the main forest former is widely used in silvicultural practice in all climatic zones. In the north of the range it rises to a height of up to 1000 m above sea level, in the south to 1200-2500 m above sea level.

Chemical composition. Pine buds contain: essential oil (0,36%), resins, starch, tannins, penicicrin, needles - ascorbic acid, about 5% tannins, alkaloids, essential oil, the components of which are a-pinene, limonene, borneol, bornyl acetate, cadinene, cerratenediol. In addition, the needles and bark contain anthocyanin compounds.

Resin (common turpentine) is extracted from pine wood by cutting trees, containing up to 35% of essential oil, which contains pinene, karene, dipentene, etc. Resin acids are also included in the composition of essential oil. Among them, up to 18% dextrapimaric, up to 36% levopimaric, pamostroic, abietic acids. Refined turpentine (turpentine oil) is obtained by distillation of resin. Tar - a product of dry distillation of pine wood, is a black-brown heavy liquid with a characteristic odor. Contains phenol, toluene, xylene, resins.

Application in medicine. Turpentine, or turpentine oil, due to its good solubility in lipids, penetrates deep into the skin, irritates its receptors and causes reflex changes in the body. In therapeutic doses causes hyperemia of the skin. With repeated use, turpentine can cause blistering, suppuration and tissue necrosis. Turpentine has a particularly strong irritant effect on mucous membranes. When ingested, gastroenteritis is possible, accompanied by pain, nausea, and vomiting. Turpentine, even with light rubbing, can be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause anxiety, shortness of breath, and insomnia.

In severe cases of poisoning, a convulsive state, depression, drowsiness, and respiratory failure develop. Turpentine is excreted mainly by the kidneys, partly unchanged, partly in the form of terpene alcohol associated with glucuronic acid. At the same time, it has an antiseptic effect in the urinary tract. Urine when taking terpenes acquires a peculiar smell.

Standing out through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, turpentine enhances the secretion of the bronchi and promotes liquefaction and sputum.

Turpentine is used as a local irritant, distracting (pain reliever) for rubbing with myositis, neuralgia, lumboischialgia, etc. in the form of ointments and liniments. It is also used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract in the form of compresses with vaseline (a part of turpentine and 5 parts of vaseline) until a slight burning sensation appears in the skin. The best results are observed with early use at the onset of the disease. Turpentine in the form of inhalations is used as a disinfectant for putrefactive and gangrenous processes in the lungs. Good results are noted after inhalation of turpentine in bronchitis.

A decoction of pine buds. Pine buds (Gemmae Pini) are harvested in early spring - in March, April during swelling, when the covering scales are tightly pressed to the bud. Dry in the open air or in a warm room at a temperature of 20-25 ° C. Decoctions of pine buds are prepared 1:10, used for inhalation with tonsillitis and catarrh of the respiratory tract.

Infusion of pine needles. Pine needles are rubbed with a small amount of cold boiled water, and then poured with water in a 3- or 9-fold proportion. Acidify with citric acid to taste, boil for 20-40 minutes and leave to stand for 1-3 hours. Strain through gauze and take 50-100 ml per day.

Other uses. The wood of Scotch pine is very resinous and durable, it is used in housing and hydraulic engineering construction, in joinery and carpentry, for the manufacture of veneer, plywood.

Pine sawdust is used as a raw material for the production of hydrolytic alcohol.

The high resin content of wood prevents the production of cellulose from it.

Pine is the source of many substances and products widely used by man.

Resin - resin, formed in resin passages penetrating wood and bark in horizontal and vertical directions, and extracted by tapping, is a valuable raw material for the chemical industry. The collected resin is melted and filtered, freeing from water and impurities. The purified resin is called turpentine.

During distillation with water vapor, about 25% of the essential oil, called gum turpentine, is distilled from the resin, after purification of which a purified turpentine oil is obtained. After distillation of the essential oil, resin remains - rosin. Turpentine and rosin can be further processed to produce varnishes, solvents, fragrances, adhesives, chandeliers and other products. The amount of resin and turpentine depends on the age of the trees, the nature of the soil and climatic conditions.

Rosin obtained from the processing of resin is used in the soap, paper, rubber and paint industries, as well as for rubbing bows and strings of musical instruments.

During the dry distillation of wood and stumps, turpentine of the best quality is first obtained, then technical, tar and wood vinegar. Coal remains in the distillation boiler.

Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Scotch pine (pine forest), Pinus sylvestris. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Cough treatment: Pine needle tinctures have mucolytic properties and can help soothe and reduce coughs. They can also be used to treat bronchitis and other respiratory conditions.
• Treatment for colds and flu: A tincture of pine cones with honey can help speed up recovery from a cold or flu. It can also help strengthen the immune system.
• Improving digestion: Pine needle tincture can be used to improve digestion and reduce bloating. It can help reduce the symptoms of indigestion and diarrhea.
• Rheumatism treatment: pine resin ointment can be used to treat rheumatism and diseases related to the joints. It can help reduce inflammation and joint pain.
• Improvement of skin condition: Pine needle tincture can be used to improve skin conditions and treat various skin problems such as eczema and psoriasis.
• Sleep Improvement: aromatic oils extracted from pine needles can help improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety.

Cosmetology:

• Pine oil for skin care: Pine oil is rich in vitamin E and antioxidants, making it great for skin care. It can help hydrate and brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and combat various types of inflammation.
• Hair masks: Pine oil can be used as a component of hair masks. It can help hydrate and nourish hair, as well as improve texture and shine.
• Pine-based deodorants: The antiseptic properties of pine oil make it an excellent ingredient for deodorants. It can help eliminate bad odors and prevent them from reappearing.
• Face masks: pine oil can be used as an ingredient in facial masks. It can help soften and brighten the skin, as well as reduce the appearance of wrinkles.
• Massage oils: pine oil can be used as a component of massage oils. It can help reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and relieve stress.
• Aroma candles: Pine-based scented candles can help improve mood and reduce anxiety. They can also be used to create a relaxing atmosphere at home or in a beauty salon.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Scotch pine (pine forest), Pinus sylvestris. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

The Scots pine, also known as the forest pine, is one of the most common pine species in Europe and Asia. It is a tall evergreen tree with broad buds and a characteristic pine needle aroma.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing:

Cultivation:

• Soil and Light: Scots pines prefer sunny locations and well-drained soils. They can grow in a variety of soil types, but are best grown in deep, fertile soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH.
• Planting and Depth: Plant Scots pines in deep, wide holes so that the roots have enough room to grow. Planting depth should be the same as the depth of the pot in which the plant was previously grown. Remember that the plant needs to be planted in a place where it will grow for decades, so choose your location carefully.
• Distance between plants: Scots pines can be planted at a distance of 2 to 4 meters from each other. This will provide enough space for the roots and crowns of the trees to grow.
• Plant care: In the first years after planting, the plant should be watered regularly so that the roots do not dry out. Also, remove weeds and fertilize the plant in the spring with a nitrogen fertilizer. Don't forget to prune your pine tree as well so it can grow properly and maintain its natural crown shape.

Preparation and storage:

• Pine cones can be harvested in autumn and winter when they are ripe and fall to the ground.
• The collected buds should be dried in the sun or in a warm and dry place to get rid of excess moisture.
• Pine cones are best stored in tightly sealed containers such as glass jars or plastic boxes.
• Store pine cones in a cool and dry place to avoid mold and rot.

Scotch pine is a popular building material and is also used in furniture and other industries. In addition, the oil of coniferous pine needles has medicinal properties and is used in folk medicine.

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