Money. Credit. Banks. Securing loans and managing credit processes (lecture notes)

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Money. Credit. Banks. Securing loans and managing credit processes (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Loan collateral and credit management

Loan security (fulfillment of credit obligations) is a set of legal, economic and organizational means and measures to encourage the borrower to timely and fully fulfill its obligations and satisfy the interests of creditors.

Loan security methods:

1. Penalty (fine, penalty) - measures to increase property liability for violation of the terms of the loan agreement, related pledge and guarantee agreements and differ only in the procedure for calculating and paying.

2. Pledge is one of the most effective and frequently used ways to secure bank loans. On the subject of pledge, one can single out a) a pledge of property and b) a pledge of property rights, such as shares.

3. Guarantee. The surety agreement arises as an agreement between the creditor bank and the guarantor, acting on the side of the borrower, on the basis of the voluntary will of the parties.

4. Bank guarantee. In a bank guarantee, the party issuing the guarantee must be a bank or other credit institution, called the guarantor, and the party accepting the guarantee as collateral for the loan is the creditor bank (beneficiary). The person who requests the guarantee is called the principal. Warranty ends:

1. with the end of a certain period for which it was issued

2. with payment to the beneficiary of the amount for which it was issued

3. due to the refusal of the beneficiary of his rights under the guarantee by returning it to the guarantor or a written application by the beneficiary to release the guarantor from his obligations

Management of the credit process - maintaining stability, achieving sustainable development of lending, its focus on reducing risk and achieving its high profitability. Management includes:

a) making a decision on the advisability of issuing a loan and its conditions

b) registration of a loan agreement (takes place by concluding a loan agreement (a contract for a conditional sale or a sale and purchase agreement) between the lender and the borrower. The agreement fixes all the main conditions for lending)

c) issuing a loan

d) control over the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement and repayment of the loan (credit monitoring)

e) the final repayment of the loan

In a narrow sense, credit management is a targeted impact on the processes that mediate the movement of credit in order to achieve a minimum level of credit risk.

In a broad sense - the conscious regulation of the processes of formation and development of the company's credit activities in the interests of its profitability.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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