Table of contents (expand)
- Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money
- The modern banking system of the Russian Federation, its structure
- Essence, functions and properties of money
- The role of money in a commodity economy
- The concept of the type and form of money (D)
- Electronic money (ED), their properties and features
- Monetary systems (DS), device, types
- Management principles and functioning of the monetary system
- Elements of the country's monetary system (BCS)
- Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure
- Release of money into economic circulation
- Principles of organization of cash circulation
- Principles of organization of non-cash money circulation
- bank loan cartoon
- Money supply and monetary aggregates. Velocity of money
- Empirical laws of money circulation
- Quantitative laws of circulation of money
- Methods of state regulation of money circulation
- Nominal and metallic theory of money
- Types, types and forms of inflation
- Forms of manifestation, causes and consequences of inflation
- Methods, limits, contradictions of inflation regulation
- Foreign exchange market
- Concept, structure and elements of currency systems
- World Monetary System: Evolution and Current State
- Regulation of foreign exchange transactions
- country's balance of payments.
- The concept of credit and the need for its appearance
- The main stages in the development of credit relations
- Functions, role and boundaries of credit
- Forms and types of loans
- Loan interest (interest income) and interest rate
- Determination of the market rate of interest
- Nominal and real interest rates
- Types of nominal interest rates
- Factors Determining Differences in Interest Rates
- Interest income calculation
- Lending organization
- Credit risks and creditworthiness of the borrower
- Loan collateral and credit management
- Capital-creating theories of credit
- Theories of credit
- Central banks, their functions and monetary regulation
- Instruments and methods of monetary policy
- Essence and functions of commercial banks
- Balance sheet and operations of commercial banks
- Credit and financial institutions of the country
- Banking and monetary systems of the USA, England, Germany, Japan, France, Italy and Canada
- Banking Legislation
- Regulation of monetary circulation
- Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit consulting (provision of consulting services on lending)
- Terminological dictionary
Concept, structure and elements of currency systems
Monetary system - a form of organization of foreign exchange market relations at the national / international level.
Required items
Funds used as accounting / settlement and payment
Bodies exercising currency supervision (since 1945 IMF, in states usually the Central Bank)
Conditions and conversion mechanism
Exchange Rate Mode
Settlement rules
Mode of operation of the drug market. metals
Rules for receiving & using foreign exchange funds
The mechanism of currency restrictions
4 types of settlement means: currency, international money. units (non-cash only, SDR, very limited), units of account (ecu, for value comparison), gold.
The exchange rate is set in the market or officially.
Exchange rate functions:
▪ mutual exchange in trade
▪ price comparison
▪ revaluation of assets of banks/firms
BR - buy rate, OR - sell, difference - profit of banks, spread - relative difference. Spred = or-br / br * 100%
Currency quotation - the established exchange rate in the market
1 $ = 28 rubles, - direct rate
100 rubles = $3,16 - reverse
Cross rate 1 $ = 31,63 rubles 1 euro = 30, 99 rubles => 1 $ = 1,02 euros. Ruble - cross-currency
Spot rate - current rate
Forward rate - the rate taking into account that the transaction will be in the future
The nominal exchange rate is the same as the exchange rate.
Real exchange rate - nominal, taking into account changes in the price level in both countries
Exchange rate index = the sum of the exchange rates of many (different) countries * coefficient. (currency weight). There is also a nominal / real
The real exchange rate index is the main indicator of the dynamics of change
The IMF declares the unity of the rate, in practice, different rates for different purposes (to accelerate exports / imports, encourage outflows / inflows of capital)
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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