Table of contents (expand)
- Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money
- The modern banking system of the Russian Federation, its structure
- Essence, functions and properties of money
- The role of money in a commodity economy
- The concept of the type and form of money (D)
- Electronic money (ED), their properties and features
- Monetary systems (DS), device, types
- Management principles and functioning of the monetary system
- Elements of the country's monetary system (BCS)
- Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure
- Release of money into economic circulation
- Principles of organization of cash circulation
- Principles of organization of non-cash money circulation
- bank loan cartoon
- Money supply and monetary aggregates. Velocity of money
- Empirical laws of money circulation
- Quantitative laws of circulation of money
- Methods of state regulation of money circulation
- Nominal and metallic theory of money
- Types, types and forms of inflation
- Forms of manifestation, causes and consequences of inflation
- Methods, limits, contradictions of inflation regulation
- Foreign exchange market
- Concept, structure and elements of currency systems
- World Monetary System: Evolution and Current State
- Regulation of foreign exchange transactions
- country's balance of payments.
- The concept of credit and the need for its appearance
- The main stages in the development of credit relations
- Functions, role and boundaries of credit
- Forms and types of loans
- Loan interest (interest income) and interest rate
- Determination of the market rate of interest
- Nominal and real interest rates
- Types of nominal interest rates
- Factors Determining Differences in Interest Rates
- Interest income calculation
- Lending organization
- Credit risks and creditworthiness of the borrower
- Loan collateral and credit management
- Capital-creating theories of credit
- Theories of credit
- Central banks, their functions and monetary regulation
- Instruments and methods of monetary policy
- Essence and functions of commercial banks
- Balance sheet and operations of commercial banks
- Credit and financial institutions of the country
- Banking and monetary systems of the USA, England, Germany, Japan, France, Italy and Canada
- Banking Legislation
- Regulation of monetary circulation
- Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit consulting (provision of consulting services on lending)
- Terminological dictionary
Factors Determining Differences in Interest Rates
1.Risk - riskier borrowers pay higher interest.
2. Liquidity - differences in the liquidity of different financial instruments.
3.Taxation Differences - Municipal bonds are not subject to income taxes. Higher tax rates => higher returns and vice versa. Coupon rates are the same => tax-free securities cost more and their yield is lower. => the payment coupon is set at a lower level for municipal bonds.
4.Term or duration of the loan - long-term bring more% income.
Calculation of interest income.
Calculation of simple interest on the initial capital.
It is used when servicing savings deposits with monthly interest payments and when interest is not added to the amount of debt, but is periodically paid to the creditor. The formula for increasing simple %: F=P(1+nr), where F is the accumulated amount, P is the initial capital, n is the term for accruing %, r is the rate %. Interest income: I=Pnr
2 options %:
1) exact - determined based on the exact number of days in a year (365 or 366), in a quarter (from 89 to 92), in a month (from 28 to 31), 2) ordinary% - determined based on the approximate number of days in a year, quarter, month (360, 90, 30).
2 options for determining the loan duration:
1) the exact number of days of lending is taken into account (calculation by day), 2) the approximate number of days of lending is taken into account (in a month - 30 days).
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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