Money. Credit. Banks. Regulation of foreign exchange transactions (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Money. Credit. Banks. Regulation of foreign exchange transactions (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

Regulation of foreign exchange transactions

Monetary policy (v / p) - a set of measures in the field of currency relations, carried out by the state in accordance with the developed political and economic guidelines.

Distinguish between current and long-term VP:

Current c/p consists in regulating the exchange rate, foreign exchange transactions and other parameters of the foreign exchange market.

Long-term military associated with strategic management and involves the modification of the monetary system, the foreign exchange market as a whole.

A common means of implementing monetary policy is the introduction of foreign exchange restrictions.

Currency restrictions - characteristics of the conditions and limits for the implementation of foreign exchange transactions related to the protection of the national currency. They include restrictions on the general ability to dispose of the currency or its specific use.

Classification of currency restrictions (c/o):

1. In the direction of capital flow

▪ control over capital outflow

▪ control over capital inflow

2. By areas of application

▪ current balance of payments transactions

▪ financial transactions (movement of capital and loans, transfer of profits, tax and other payments)

3. By forms of control

▪ regulation

▪ limitation

▪ prohibition

4. By scope

▪ operations of residents

▪ transactions of non-residents

Modern methods of i / o:

1. Licensing of acquisition in. currencies and foreign exchange transactions

2. Differentiation of exchange rates and foreign exchange accounts

3. Quantitative and temporary restrictions on foreign exchange transactions

The forms of higher education include restrictions on:

1. Convertibility nat. currencies

2. Direct and portfolio investments

3. Circulation of cash nat. and in. currencies

4. Obtaining loans from non-residents and issuing loans to non-residents

5. Carrying out operations with gold and other precious stones. metals

In the Russian Federation do not limit:

▪ Payments for the export of a certain range of goods, provided that the period for returning foreign currency earnings does not exceed 3 years from the date of crossing customs

▪ Payments for construction and contract work performed by residents outside the Russian Federation, payment terms for the cat. no more than 90 days and the period for returning foreign currency earnings is no more than 5 years from the date of conclusion of the agreement

▪ Insurance and reinsurance settlements, contract validity period - no more than 5 years.

▪ Physical transfers a person in the Russian Federation and from the Russian Federation currency of no more than $75000 for the purchase or sale of securities.

To conduct foreign exchange transactions, residents in credit institutions simultaneously open current, transit and special. transit account:

Transit currency account - an account for crediting the full amount of receipts in int. currency, including those not subject to mandatory sale.

Special transit currency account - an account for recording purchase transactions made in. currency and its resale.

Current currency account - an account for accounting for funds remaining after mandatory and reverse sales. Funds from it can be used for any purpose.

Currency legislation - this is a system of legal norms that determines the principles of currency restrictions, fixes at the legal level the procedure for carrying out currency transactions and the powers of bodies and agents of currency regulation.

Export - export of goods, works, services, results of intellectual activity, incl. exclusive rights to them, from the customs territory of the Russian Federation abroad without the obligation to re-import.

Import - import of goods, works, services, results of intellectual activity, incl. exclusive rights to them, from the customs territory of the Russian Federation abroad without the obligation to re-export.

The fact of export and import is fixed:

▪ for goods - at the moment the goods cross customs. borders

▪ for services and intellectual property - at the time of provision of services and rights.

Product - any movable property (including all types of energy) and aircraft, sea vessels, inland navigation vessels, space objects classified as real estate, which are the subject of foreign trade activities.

Services - entrepreneurial activity aimed at meeting the needs of other persons, with the exception of activities carried out on the basis of labor relations.

Intellectual property - exclusive rights to lit., art. and scientific works, PC programs and databases, related rights, rights to inventions, industrial designs, etc.

Currency control. This is a determination of the degree of compliance of the real process of conducting foreign exchange transactions with legally established foreign exchange restrictions.

Exchange control in the narrow sense - this is a check of the regulations for conducting currency transactions in order to bring them into compliance with the developed standards and requirements.

Exchange control in a broad sense - this is control over foreign exchange restrictions imposed by the state, determined by the goals and plans of foreign exchange policy, carried out on the basis of current legislation.

Methods of currency control are direct and indirect.

Indirect represent control over the level of prices, volumes and directions of payments.

Direct consist in control over the validity of foreign exchange transactions.

Currency regulation - this is the process of implementing the state’s foreign exchange policy by eliminating deviations from legally established foreign exchange restrictions identified during exchange control.

The bodies of currency control and regulation are Central Bank and Government. These are organizations that issue, on the basis of a developed monetary policy, regulatory acts that are binding, a cat. control foreign exchange transactions.

Agents are banks accountable to the Central Bank, customs authorities, tax services. These are organizations. may exercise the functions of currency control and currency regulation.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

<< Back: World Monetary System: Evolution and Current State

>> Forward: country's balance of payments.

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Agricultural law. Lecture notes

▪ Fundamentals of medical knowledge. Crib

▪ Foreign economic activity. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Topological insulators - the basis of lasers 15.02.2018

Researchers from Israel and the United States have worked out the concept of a laser, which includes analogues of topological insulators. These materials conduct electrons in only one direction, which makes transmission through them resistant to interference. For lasers, it was proposed to use similar structures that conduct photons. Calculations show that the energy efficiency of lasers with topological insulators will be several times higher than that of lasers based on "old" principles.

The surface of topological insulators is a very thin layer of highly conductive materials, and their core is made of dielectrics. They are two-dimensional and three-dimensional. For the laser model proposed by the authors of the articles under discussion, two-dimensional insulators were used, each of which consisted of a network of interlaced rings. Only the outer rings are conductive. If one or more of these rings fails, the flow of particles in the desired direction will not stop, and interference will not appear. Thanks to this, additional energy losses for conducting the beam can be avoided. And this means that less energy is required to supply beams of the same power to a laser based on topological insulators.

Another feature of lasers using the principle of topological insulators is that they do not need electromagnetic fields to work. This removes a number of restrictions on the use of such devices. And experiments with a prototype of a new type of laser confirmed the theoretical assumptions. The energy pumped into the outer row of rings of the topological insulator passed unidirectionally in the form of photons around the entire perimeter of this insulator and exited from another point in the form of a light beam.

The described lasers can be used in optics, as well as quantum networks. In addition, with their help, it is likely that it will be possible to create faster and more reliable electronics.

Other interesting news:

▪ Lifetime charging for Tesla electric vehicles

▪ Color vision weakens towards the periphery

▪ Fitness bracelets for cows

▪ Audfly Focusound glass speaker with directional sound

▪ Liquid cooling system Eisbaer LT 92

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Standard instructions for labor protection (TOI). Selection of articles

▪ article Eat honey and locusts. Popular expression

▪ article Where and when could you buy a rocking bath? Detailed answer

▪ article Roman coriander. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Living water and dead. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article 16 words. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews