Money. Credit. Banks. Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure (lecture notes)

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Money. Credit. Banks. Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure (lecture notes)

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Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure

Money is in constant motion - it carries out a continuous circulation, during which it serves numerous processes of selling goods and services, accumulating capital and forming savings. Continuity of DO is determined by three points:

1. DO consists of intersecting flows of money: between economic entities (enterprises, companies), financial institutions, legal entities and individuals. The movement of money between these entities is of a counter nature.

2. There is an inextricable relationship between money in cash and non-cash form. Money constantly moves from the form of cash to the form of a deposit (deposit) in a commercial bank (non-cash) and back. In this circulation, single money of one name circulates.

3. Money in circulation consistently performs three functions: means of circulation, accumulation and payment. Those. being involved in economic turnover, money can accumulate. And if they end up in your hands, they become worthless.

BEFORE - the process of continuous movement of credit money in cash and non-cash form when they perform their functions related to servicing economic turnover.

There are several signs of classification of elements: according to the form of functioning money: cash and non-cash cash flows; by subjects of economic activity: turnover between economic entities; turnover between business entities and the population; turnover between business entities, the population and institutions of the credit and financial system, as well as financial authorities; by subjects of the credit and financial system: turnover between commercial banks (interbank turnover); turnover between the Central and commercial banks; turnover between commercial banks and their customers (bank turnover). In their unity, these turnovers form a monetary turnover.

Software is a process of continuous movement of cash and non-cash money, as well as other means of payment serving economic turnover. This concept characterizes the dynamics of all means of payment (instruments) capable of serving economic turnover as means of circulation and payment:

1) cash;

2) money in non-cash form issued by credit institutions;

3) other instruments (bills, checks, securities, etc.). The latter were called "circulating instruments". They are not money, but they can perform some of the functions of money. Obviously, the main characteristic of such instruments is their ability to more or less regularly replace cash and non-cash money. An important difference between negotiable instruments is that they have a limited life and must ultimately be redeemed in cash.

The most important features of negotiable instruments include the following:

a) it must contain an unconditional order or promise to pay a certain amount of money;

b) payment must be made on demand or on a specified date. The main types of negotiable instruments include: promissory notes; bills of exchange, including checks; government (treasury) bills; transferable certificates of deposit; various bearer securities (government bearer bonds, corporate mortgage bonds). Thus, to the category tradable instruments include payment documents that are in economic circulation, accepted in exchange for money and freely transferable from one economic agent to another.

From what has been said, it becomes clear that the payment turnover acts as a complex structural formation. It includes two components: one part of the turnover, in which the movement of circulating instruments occurs, and the other - the movement of cash and non-cash money as a means of payment. The second part of the payment turnover is called "monetary-payment turnover", which includes the turnover of cash - money circulation.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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