Money. Credit. Banks. Essence, functions and properties of money (lecture notes)

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Money. Credit. Banks. Essence, functions and properties of money (lecture notes)

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Essence, functions and properties of money

The essence of money is manifested in their functions. Money performs a wide variety of functions: economic, political (plenipotentiary representative of the state), ideological (coat of arms, motto), informational. Economic functions are divided into: a measure of value, a means of circulation, a means of accumulation, a means of payment, world money. A measure of value is a means of expressing commodity prices. Product A = x gr. money material. Thus the price of a commodity depends on the properties of the commodity itself and the price of the monetary material. The price of one and the same decoction can have a variety of expressions in different banknotes. In the process of setting prices for metallic money circulation, it becomes possible to assign a kind of monetary standard to a certain amount of metal. The standard, by dividing or multiplying by certain parts, unfolds into a price scale. Now the scale of prices is set by the state. By reducing the weight content of coins, you can make a profit. The means of circulation. T-D-T. The exchange breaks up into 2 independent acts: the sale of goods (T-D); purchase of goods (D-T). Commodity circulation - the circulation of goods by means of money. Money is just an intermediary. No wonder they say "money does not smell." For the convenience of exchange, coins appear (from the ancient Roman goddess Juno Coins). A coin is an ingot made of money metal of a single shape, fixed weight and a certain value. Money needs protection against counterfeiting - for example, a government guarantee. With the advent of coins, the price of a commodity takes the form: commodity A = y coins. Means of accumulation. T-D. Money is a pledge that gives the right to purchase goods in the future. Money that has intrinsic value is treasure. Accumulation is a safety stock and an opportunity to make an expensive purchase. The accumulation function is performed by both real money and their representatives - paper and other types of money. With the expansion of this function and the removal of quantitative restrictions on accumulation (account entries allow you to make arbitrarily large accumulations), everything becomes a subject of purchase and sale. Instrument of payment. D->D. Payment - the movement of money, regardless of the movement of goods. Those. money transfer. The exchange of goods may have a time lag. Then the seller becomes a creditor, and the buyer becomes a debtor. Money becomes a means of payment. Money in social transfers performs the same function. World money (MD). The money that serves the MEO is called currency. There are national and foreign currencies. MD function as: an international means of payment; a means of accounting for the trade and balance of payments of the country; general purchasing power; global public wealth. Hard currency is a freely convertible currency. The currency of country A is converted into hard currency, which in turn is converted into Currencies of country B, which are similarly converted into Goods. The exchange rate is a characteristic of the MT, which is a quantitative proportion of the exchange of the national currency for the currency of another country. Imported inflation - possible with the existence of MD. Oil (etc. strategic resources), dollars - MD.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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