Money. Credit. Banks. The concept of the type and form of money (D) (lecture notes)

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Money. Credit. Banks. The concept of the type and form of money (D) (lecture notes)

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The concept of the type and form of money (D)

The forerunner of the appearance of the monetary form of exchange was the barter form. But bartering has three major drawbacks: there is no way to maintain overall purchasing power; there is no single measure of value; the price scale has not been formed. Therefore, the role of barter is decreasing (although it does not disappear), but the role of the monetary form of exchange is increasing. Type D is a subdivision of D according to a natural-functional feature. Forms D - the external embodiment of a certain type of D. 3 main types: commodity, exchange (full-fledged) and non-exchange.

D are divided into inferior (have no intrinsic value) and full-fledged (have intrinsic value). Disabled people are divided into wealthy and unsecured. Secured are divided into D with direct security and D with indirect security. Full-fledged ones are divided into commodity and metal ones. Commodities are divided into animalistic (livestock, furs, shells), hyloistic (salt; metal D, which in turn are presented in the form of tools, jewelry and gold sand), vegetabilistic (vegetable). Metals are divided into bars and coins.

The distinction between different types of D is based on the difference in the functions they perform. As for the form D: for example, modern credit D has several forms of implementation: paper, deposit, electronic. Within each modern monetary form, several payment instruments are distinguished that serve to make a specific purchase. For example, deposit money includes checks, plastic cards, etc.

The first coins appeared in 64-630 BC. in the state of Lydia. In Russia, under Peter I, the concept of "coin" appears (the ancient Greek goddess Juno Moneta). On collateral: direct collateral is collateral with precious metals, bills of exchange; indirect security - the company accepts banknotes in payment of taxes and other payments. There are 3 types of banknotes undersecured D: banknotes with full coverage, with incomplete coverage, without coverage (considered as public debt).

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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