How old is our universe? Detailed answer

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How old is our universe? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

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How old is our universe?

It is believed that our universe arose as a result of the so-called. "Big Bang" about 14 billion (14000000000) years ago. There are other opinions as well.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What do digestives do?

In fact, almost nothing.

Cookies-digestive (digestive biscuit) was invented by the McVithies company - more precisely, one of its young employees Alexander Grant - in 1892 in Edinburgh.

The product was advertised as "digestive" (a euphemism for "reducing gas") due to its high soda content and dark, coarse flour. No one has scientifically confirmed this statement - therefore, it is illegal to sell this product under the name "digestive" in the USA. The American equivalent is "graham cracker".

McVithies Original Digestive continues to be Britain's ninth most important biscuit brand, with annual sales of £20m.

McVithies' bestseller and number two in Britain is the chocolate digestif produced since 1925. The largest brand in this sector of production was and remains "Kit-Kat".

Annual sales of chocolate digestifs exceed 35 million pounds sterling - and this is 71 million packs, or 52 cookies per second. Despite recent, rather dubious, mint, orange, and caramel variants, the digestif has always been chocolate first and foremost. The famous American writer and traveler Bill Bryson called it "a British masterpiece".

Biscuits are one of the oldest human foodstuffs. In Switzerland, for example, they found cookies baked six thousand years ago. Cookies were eaten in Egypt and baked in ancient Rome as early as the XNUMXnd century AD. e.

Translated from French, biscuit (cookie) means "twice-baked", but the English term goes directly to the Latin biscoctum partem, "twice-baked bread", and until the middle of the XNUMXth century it was spelled absolutely correctly - bisket.

The adoption of the French spelling biscuit (but without the French pronunciation) was not only nonsensical and pretentious, but essentially wrong. In French, un biscuit means just not a cookie, but a cake - or a biscuit, to be very precise. Cookies in the English sense of the word are called by the French a little differently: un biscuit sec.

In North America, the word biscuits means rather British scones - wheat or barley cakes made from yeast dough. What the British call biscuits, the Americans call cookies or crackers. The American word cookie comes from the Dutch koekje, which means "cake", "cake".

Previously, cookies were baked several times to make them last longer than bread, but this practice is almost never used these days. According to Dr. Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language, biscuits (that is, biscuits) intended for long-distance sea voyages were usually baked four times.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Random news from the Archive

To avoid mating, female frogs play dead 16.10.2023

Scientists have discovered that female European common frogs have developed several methods to avoid unwanted mating, including the surprising strategy of faking their own death.

Female European common frogs (Rana temporaria) exhibit a mimicry strategy by appearing dead when multiple males attempt to mate at the same time. This behavior has been observed and recorded in laboratory conditions.

Frogs of this species are known for their active reproduction, gathering in large groups near bodies of water. Typically, the number of males exceeds the number of females, and as a result, several males compete for the right to mate with one female. Sometimes such attempts can lead to the death of the female.

However, females have evolved a variety of strategies to prevent unwanted matings. These strategies are activated when the number of males is too large, when a female is not interested in mating with a particular male, or when she is not ready to mate in the first place.

The researchers conducted an experiment by collecting frogs in laboratory conditions, where each pair (one male and two females) had two separate tanks of water. The recorded result showed that 83% of the females showed protective behavior.

In addition, scientists found that 48% of females made various sound signals, reminiscent of grunting and squeaking. According to the researchers, these sounds imitate the sound made by male frogs to scare away competitors.

A third of the females assumed a motionless posture with their limbs outstretched for about two minutes after the male attacked.

Experts believe that faking death may be a strategic behavior, although they cannot say that it is a conscious act. This is likely an automatic response to stress that effectively serves as self-protection.

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