Money. Credit. Banks. Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money (lecture notes)

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Money. Credit. Banks. Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money (lecture notes)

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Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money.

Each stage of the development of society has its own idea of money. Cattle, stones, metal, etc. served as money at different stages. Today, money is coins and banknotes, as well as hidden information on plastic cards. All these tangible objects and intangible assets are called money, because. we can use them to buy things that are useful to us, to achieve the provision of a useful service, to gain access to information. Even Aristotle divided the science of wealth into "economy" and "chrematistics" (the art of accumulating money).

The essence of money is to facilitate the exchange of goods and payments in a society based on the division of labor. The appearance of money in such conditions is a social necessity.

Origin of money. Objective reasons: economic growth; division of social labor; allocation of a special product, the most adapted to the role of an intermediary in the performance of exchange transactions. This is the essence of the evolutionary concept. Subjective reasons: money as a product of an agreement between people; occurred through the concrete actions of people, governments. This is the essence of the rationalist concept of money. It was followed by Aristotle, Keynes, Samuelson. But in fact, the history of money combines a set of subjective and objective moments. Therefore, in fact, it is presented from two positions: phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Ontogeny: a study of the development of the essence of real phenomena. It allows you to conduct a generalized presentation of the results obtained from the simplest abstract categories to complex ones. Assumes a preliminary definition of the theory of value on which it was created. As a result, there is a connection between the theory of the price of goods and the evolution of money. Marx developed the concept of the ontogeny of gold as money. Phylogeny: reflects the actual historical development of phenomena, characterizes different types of goods that at different times among different peoples were intermediaries in the exchange. The contribution to the development of this analysis was made by Catillon, Menger, Knies. In modern conditions, these two approaches do not form a single whole. A number of researchers consider them incompatible. But in reality they complement each other.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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