Table of contents (expand)
- Necessity and prerequisites for the emergence and use of money
- The modern banking system of the Russian Federation, its structure
- Essence, functions and properties of money
- The role of money in a commodity economy
- The concept of the type and form of money (D)
- Electronic money (ED), their properties and features
- Monetary systems (DS), device, types
- Management principles and functioning of the monetary system
- Elements of the country's monetary system (BCS)
- Cash and payment turnover (DO and PO), its structure
- Release of money into economic circulation
- Principles of organization of cash circulation
- Principles of organization of non-cash money circulation
- bank loan cartoon
- Money supply and monetary aggregates. Velocity of money
- Empirical laws of money circulation
- Quantitative laws of circulation of money
- Methods of state regulation of money circulation
- Nominal and metallic theory of money
- Types, types and forms of inflation
- Forms of manifestation, causes and consequences of inflation
- Methods, limits, contradictions of inflation regulation
- Foreign exchange market
- Concept, structure and elements of currency systems
- World Monetary System: Evolution and Current State
- Regulation of foreign exchange transactions
- country's balance of payments.
- The concept of credit and the need for its appearance
- The main stages in the development of credit relations
- Functions, role and boundaries of credit
- Forms and types of loans
- Loan interest (interest income) and interest rate
- Determination of the market rate of interest
- Nominal and real interest rates
- Types of nominal interest rates
- Factors Determining Differences in Interest Rates
- Interest income calculation
- Lending organization
- Credit risks and creditworthiness of the borrower
- Loan collateral and credit management
- Capital-creating theories of credit
- Theories of credit
- Central banks, their functions and monetary regulation
- Instruments and methods of monetary policy
- Essence and functions of commercial banks
- Balance sheet and operations of commercial banks
- Credit and financial institutions of the country
- Banking and monetary systems of the USA, England, Germany, Japan, France, Italy and Canada
- Banking Legislation
- Regulation of monetary circulation
- Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit consulting (provision of consulting services on lending)
- Terminological dictionary
Nominal and metallic theory of money
Nominalist theory (NT)
In NT, money, from the point of view of their essence, is defined as simple signs, devoid of intrinsic value, conditional units of account. It is concluded that the purchasing power of money does not depend on their material content and is determined by the face value. Those. a banknote of one hundred rubles by itself is worth much less, but it says on it that it is a hundred rubles and this denomination is taken as its value. Hence the name of this theory. The objective basis of NT is the development of monetary functions, the transition to monetary circulation, when money is accepted not by weight, but by the name indicated on them. The deviation of the value of money due to the wear and tear of coins from their internal commodity content gave reason to deny the commodity nature of money. The first nominalistic concepts appeared in Plato and Aristotle. Its adherents are J. Stewart, J. Berkeley, the ideas of this theory were shared by Keynes and his followers. In modern conditions, this approach to the essence of money is the most common.
metal theory
The opposite of nominalistic theory. Its main idea is the actual identification of money and treasures. metals Proponents of the metal theory believed that gold and silver by their nature were money.
One of the first representatives of this theory was N. Oresme - 14th century. The idea was picked up by mercantilists and, accordingly, all critics of mercantilism opposed it. During the period of the gold standard, this theory became widespread. However, in modern conditions the metal theory has no chance of spreading and developing.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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