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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Banking. Electronic money and payments (the most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Topic 91. Electronic money and payments This topic describes the most popular electronic money: webmoney (WebMoney) and Yandex. Money, as well as a brief educational program on installation and operation. To become a member of the WebMoney Transfer system, you need to install a client interface on your personal computer, PDA or mobile phone, register in the system and accept its terms, while receiving a WM-identifier - your unique number. The registration process also involves entering personal data and confirming their accuracy through the WM-certification service. Each user has a WM-passport - a digital certificate compiled on the basis of the personal data provided by him. All transactions in the system are instant and irrevocable. Depending on your technical capabilities, working conditions or wishes, WebMoney provides you with free tools for working with the system and making payments: WM Keeper Classic- is a separate program installed on the user's computer WM Keeper Light- a web application that does not require installation of client software on the user's computer. The results of the work are transmitted to the user's browser via a secure https connection Telepat- designed for real-time calculations using mobile devices Each member of the system has a certain business level (BUSINESS LEVEL). BL is a public summary characteristic of the level of business activity of the owner of the WM-identifier, which is calculated based on data on: duration of active use of WebMoney Transfer; the number of correspondents with whom the user had transactions; the volume of transactions carried out; claims or positive feedback against the user The BL value can be seen in the WM Keeper dialog when working with a specific counterparty, as well as on the pages of the system's services. The system supports several types of title units backed by various assets and stored on the respective e-wallets: WMR - the equivalent of Russian rubles (purse type R), WMZ - equivalent of US dollars (purse type Z), WME - Euro equivalent (type E wallet), WMU - the equivalent of the Ukrainian hryvnia (purse type U), WMB - the equivalent of Belarusian rubles (purse type B), WMY - the equivalent of Uzbek sums (purse type Y), WMC and WMD - the equivalent of WMZ for credit operations on C- and D-purses New! WMG - gold equivalent (purse type G) Attention! When transferring funds, the same type of wallets are used, and the exchange of various title units is carried out in exchange services. All payments in the system are instant and irrevocable. Security and Privacy WebMoney Transfer technology has been developed taking into account modern security requirements for information management systems via the Internet. Establishing the truth of information is a key moment in ensuring the security of any data passing through the System. WebMoney Transfer provides 3 types of authentication: ▪ using files with secret keys. To run WM Keeper Classic you need: a unique 12-digit WM identifier, a password (assigned by the user), as well as files with a secret key and wallets that are stored in the computer’s memory. ATTENTION! Be sure to back up your key files and wallets on removable media and store them in a safe place! This will greatly facilitate the restoration of access to your wallet in the event of loss or destruction of files on your computer; ▪ using personal digital certificates; ▪ using the e-Num authorization system, which ensures the highest level of information security. The fundamental innovation is that critical personal data no longer needs to be stored on the computer itself. Authorization is ensured through the use of one-time session pairs: login number and password number, which change each time you log in to the system and are not repeated. Protection is provided both by cryptography and at the architectural level using the so-called one-time pad. The secret key for accessing data is stored not in the computer, but in the user’s mobile phone, which allows it to be used when working from different computers, and also eliminates the risk of damage or theft of the key by Trojans and other malicious programs. The architecture of the system excludes unauthorized access to users' WM-purses and does not allow making payments using WM-purses with no funds. All operations in the system - storing WebMoney on wallets, issuing invoices, settlements between participants, messaging - are performed in encrypted form, using an information protection algorithm similar to RSA, with a key length of more than 1040 bits. For each session, unique session keys are used, which ensures guaranteed confidentiality of transactions and information exchange. At the system level, stability is provided in relation to communication breaks. When making a transaction, the funds are always either on the sender's WM-wallet or on the recipient's WM-wallet. There is no intermediate state in the system. Thus, in principle, a situation cannot arise when WM-funds are lost. In addition to the built-in technological mechanisms, the system supports additional services, which are configured by users themselves. Identification When registering, a WebMoney Transfer participant is assigned a unique number - a 12-digit WM-identifier (WMID) required to work in the system. To verify the identity of the owner of a WM-identifier, WM-certification is valid in the system. Users of the system can use automated tools to identify and authenticate participants when building their own applications (see the "For Developers and Webmasters" section). Confidentiality If desired, using the settings of the WM Keeper program, you can close your personal information (first name, last name, e-mail, postal address, etc.) from being viewed by other WebMoney Transfer participants. In this case, when making transactions, the second party will not be able to obtain the specified information about you. If in the future your trading partner requires you to provide some of the above personal information and you agree to this requirement, then the WM Keeper program settings will allow you to make this information available. It is impossible to determine the numbers of the WM purses you use using your WM-ID. If you wish, you can install any number of versions of WM Keeper on your computer and log in using different WM-IDs. For each transaction, the system charges a fee of 0.8% of the payment amount, but not less than 0.01WM. In this case, the maximum commission does not exceed: WMZ WME WMR WMU WMB WMY WMG 50 50 1500 250 100 000 55 000 2 The exception is transactions between the same type of wallets of the same WM-identifier, in which no commission is charged. For making credit transactions from the owners of type D purses, the system charges a fee of 0.1% of the amount of each loan provided by them, but not less than 0.01 WMZ. To use an account, you need to activate it, and not just create it. For operations on input/output of funds to/from the system, a fee is charged in accordance with the current tariffs of agents. WM Keeper Interface for working in the WebMoney Transfer system. WM Keeper Light WM Keeper Light does not require installation of the program on the user's computer. The results of the work are transferred to the client's browser via a secure https connection. To work with WM Keeper Light, it is enough to install a WebMoney Transfer x.509 client certificate on your computer and launch a browser. WM Keeper Light supports various browser versions, so it can work on any platform. WM Keeper Light is designed for those WebMoney Transfer clients who, for one reason or another, do not want or are unable to install the "full" version of WM Keeper Classic on their personal computer. WM Keeper Light can be accessed from any computer connected to the Internet, including mobile devices. To register and log in to WM Keeper Light, there are 2 methods of authorization: Through a personal digital certificate installed on the user's computer in the certificate store. Through the e-num authorization system. Authorization with a personal digital certificate Registration and obtaining a personal digital certificate is possible in Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape and is performed at www.wmcert.com. We recommend that you use the current versions of browsers available from the Microsoft and Netscape websites. To launch the WM Keeper Light server application, install the certificate and go to https://light.webmoney.ru. Installation includes the following steps: Registration and obtaining a personal certificate. Saving a personal certificate and creating a backup copy. Installing and using a personal certificate. The secret key required to access the WM-identifier is contained in the certificate. During operation, the personal certificate must be installed in the certificate store. A fundamental security innovation is that sensitive personal data no longer needs to be stored on the computer itself. Authorization is provided through the use of one-time session pairs: login-number and password-number, which change each time you log in and do not repeat. Saving and backing up a personal certificate When enrolled, the certificate and the resulting private key are saved so that they can be exported from the local computer's certificate store to back up the client's personal certificate. When you complete the enrollment operation, you must export the personal certificate, make a backup copy of it, and delete it from the certificate store, because you do not want to leave it in the store in exported mode. Export is launched from the "Certificate Manager" (in Internet Explorer - "Internet Options" dialog, "Contents" tab, "Certificates" button). After exporting to a file, you can install a personal certificate on any of your computers by clicking on it. Installing and using a personal certificate The most acceptable option for installing a personal certificate on the user's computer is the "Strong private key protection" mode. This mode is set by the "Enable strong private key protection" flag in the dialog asking for a password when installing a personal certificate. However, it is not recommended to install a personal certificate in exported mode. In the "Strong private key protection" mode, each time a personal certificate is accessed, a dialog box will be displayed asking for permission for the program to use the private key. Since with an SSL connection this access is only carried out at the initial stage, the selected mode will not be too onerous. It is advisable to set a more strict regime for accessing the private key (using a password) if unauthorized persons can access the personal computer at any time. Attention! After the end of the session with WM Keeper Light, we recommend deleting the personal certificate from the certificate store. Otherwise, it can be used by those who gain access to your computer. In the "Strong private key protection" mode with a password, this will be difficult, but password protection is not always sufficient, especially when it comes to accessing significant funds. The easiest way to install a certificate is from a PFX file (by double clicking on the file). Recommendations for connecting and launching WM Keeper Light A browser is used to register and launch WM Keeper Light. The connection is established over the HTTPS protocol using a secure connection - the 128-bit version of SSL). Authorization of the WM Keeper Light client is performed on the basis of a personal certificate. We recommend using the latest versions of browsers. Attention! Before the expiration of the personal digital certificate for the received WM ID (certificate is issued for one year), you must renew / renew the certificate for this WM ID. This operation is available two weeks before the certificate expires on the certification service page. The current personal certificate for the WM ID you are renewing must be installed and you must select it when entering the specified page. Two weeks before the expiration of the certificate, the system notifies you of the need for renewal at the postal address you specified in your registration data. WM-ID WMID The unique identification number of the system participant, consists of 12 digits. WebMoney title signs Universal accounting units used for settlements in the WebMoney Transfer system. WM wallet An electronic account for transactions with WebMoney title units. The purse number, consisting of 12 digits with a prefix, serves as payment details for the owner of the WM-identifier. WM wallet type A prefix before the purse number indicating the correspondence of the title units stored on the purse to a certain type of collateral (currency) provided by one of the Guarantors of the system. Guarantee A commercial or credit organization that provides deposit/withdrawal of funds to/from the system on behalf of the owners of WM-purses of the corresponding type. WM-passport A digital certificate issued to a WebMoney Transfer participant who has submitted his personal data to the Certification Center (certified by a notary or a representative of the Certification Center). Characterizes the status of the participant in the system. Account A WM-transaction request from a participant contains the number, amount and purpose of the operation. Message Arbitrary data sent between participants, the authenticity and integrity of which is certified by the Center for Certification of transactions of the WebMoney Transfer system. EDS (electronic digital signature) A binary sequence obtained by computation (cryptographic procedure) using a secret key and a public electronic message. EDS allows you to control the integrity of an electronic message and uniquely identify its author. EDS is an electronic analogue of a conventional signature on paper documents, although it has its own characteristics. The properties of the mathematical algorithm for creating and verifying an EDS are a guarantee that such a signature cannot be forged by unauthorized persons. At the same time, the use of asymmetric cryptography allows the owner of the secret key to sign the message, and to verify it - to any user who has the corresponding public key. At the same time, it is impossible to re-sign the modified message without having the secret key. Thus, by transmitting a message and an EDS along with it, it is possible to guarantee the recipients the immutability of the document and the author of the signature. EDS verification A cryptographic procedure that checks the integrity and authenticity of an electronic message based on the public key and the public electronic message. Key A binary sequence recorded in the user's computer memory (on a floppy disk or other medium). The key consists of two parts: a private key and a public key. The secret key is stored only by the user, and is used when performing EDS, encryption, decryption. The public key can be stored on the system's certification server and is readable by all users of the WebMoney Transfer system. The public key is used to verify the digital signature, encrypt and decrypt. Authentication Authentication, establishing the truth of information solely on the basis of the internal structure of the information itself, regardless of the information source. In the SSL protocol, authentication is carried out by verifying a digital signature. The EDS of the verified subject can be verified using its public key, but at the same time, a correct signature can only be created if the subject's private key is known only to the owner (i.e., the subject). Thus, knowing the public key of the client and offering him to sign a block of data, it is possible, by verifying his signature, to accurately identify and authenticate him. Certification Authentication of information objects by a third party not involved in the process of information exchange. Using the authentication described above, you can verify the authenticity of the source of the message when two objects interact. However, this requires that the interacting entities exchange some key information before the actual data transfer begins. This information includes the algorithm used for authentication and the key. The problem arises when it is necessary to verify the authenticity of an object that has not previously participated in the information exchange. The only way to achieve this is to delegate the right to authenticate to a third party. The third party is called the "Certificate Authority". In order to verify the authenticity of the Certification Authority exchanges information with the object, the authenticity of which he confirms. Certificate Authority (CA) A hardware and software complex that implements the functions of issuing user public key certificates and lists of revoked certificates. List of revoked certificates A file containing identifiers for early revoked certificates corresponding to compromised user secrets. Certificate Identification information about the user and his public key, signed with an EDS using the secret key of the Certification Authority. The public key certificate of the Certification Authority is available to all users of the system, and each of them can verify the authenticity of the certificates of other users. There are three types of digital certificates used in SSL: a server certificate, a personal certificate, and a CA certificate. Personal certificate The document issued by the CA to each of the interacting objects, the authenticity of which it must certify. A personal certificate contains information about the object (for example, WM identifier, e-mail), as well as its private key, and serves to identify the client. CA certificate Used to authenticate a Certification Authority. It is used to sign a server certificate and a personal certificate. The CA certificate must be stored on the server and on the client computer so that the server and browser can verify the authenticity of the certificates it has signed. Server Certificate Allows you to verify the identity of the web server. Certificate Store A special place in the computer's memory (smart cards and token devices are possible) that stores the system's digital certificates. The issuance of title units of a certain type is carried out by the Guarantor, an organization that stores and manages the security of the issue, establishes the equivalent of an exchange for the declared property rights, published on the website of the System and in the WebMoney Keeper software an offer for the purchase and sale of title units of a guaranteed type, providing a legally significant introduction to economic circulation of title units of the guaranteed type in accordance with the laws of the country of registration. What is Yandex. Money? Yandex. Money is a payment system that allows you to: ▪ make secure payments online ▪ securely store all information about your deposits and payments Manage your funds in Yandex. Money can be directly on the site money.yandex.ru. Who needs Yandex. Money? Yandex. Users of any services need money - both virtual and real. Instead of wasting time on trips, standing in many queues, the owners of Yandex. Money is paid for all services at a convenient time and in one place - on the site money.yandex.ru. What is "Yandex. Wallet" and "Internet. Wallet" and what is the difference between them? Yandex. Wallet is a Wallet accessed through the Yandex. Of money. They can be used from any computer. Internet. A wallet is a program that is installed on your computer. You can install copies of the Internet. Wallet for multiple computers. You can use a version that is more convenient for you, but remember that using the program you cannot access Yandex. Wallet, and using the web interface - to the Internet. Wallet. You need to choose one thing or have two different Wallets, independent of each other. The methods of depositing and withdrawing money are the same for Yandex. Wallets and the Internet. Wallets, only the way of managing the Wallet differs (web interface or program). Both Wallets are included in the same Yandex.Money system. When entering money into the system, you do not need to specify the type of your Wallet, since Yandex. Wallets and the Internet. Wallets do not intersect. How to use Wallet? It's very simple: log in to Yandex (enter your username and password) and go to the Yandex. Of money. You will see the amount you have in your Wallet and a list of your last few payments. To add money to the Wallet, pay for something or view a detailed transaction history, you will need to enter a payment password. If you are using the Internet. Wallet, see the information in the "Internet. Wallet" section. Can the wallet be used from anywhere, or only from one computer? The wallet can be used from any computer with internet access. However, we remind you that entering your data and password from someone else's computer may not be safe, as this information can be stolen by spyware. If you are using the Internet. Wallet, see the information in the "Internet. Wallet" section. Do I have an account where my money is kept? Yandex. Money is not a bank. A "virtual account" is opened for you with a unique number (the same as the account of a mobile subscriber), which you replenish in any convenient way for further settlements with suppliers of goods and services and other users. When depositing money into the system, you receive an unallocated monetary obligations of the operator, signed by an analogue of his handwritten signature, that is, an electronic analogue of cash, which are used as a means of payment via the Internet. At the same time, it should be taken into account that all funds in the Yandex.Money system are secured by real bank accounts of the operating company placed in banks. Is it possible to pay to another person and not to the store? Yes, you can send money to another person by selecting "Transfer" in Wallet. To do this, you need to know the recipient's Wallet number or his Yandex e-mail. Is it possible to save information about the payment to the store or the user of the system so as not to re-enter all the data? All information is saved automatically. The last six payments are displayed on the main page on the right under the heading "Repeat last payments", when you click on the name of the payment, an already completed payment form appears. Earlier payments can be repeated through the transaction history: when you click on the name of the payment, a page with detailed information will appear, on this page there is a "Repeat" button to the right of the amount. The Yandex.Money system operates only in Russian rubles. How to become a user of the Yandex.Money payment system? Connecting to the Yandex.Money payment system is extremely simple. To do this, you need to activate the Wallet on the Yandex. Of money. After that, you can deposit money into your account in any way convenient for you. If you already have mail on Yandex, you can activate the Wallet by logging in with your login. If not, you will have to register with Yandex first. Login for Yandex. Mail and Yandex. One money. I don't live in Russia. Can I become a user of the Yandex.Money payment system? The Yandex.Money system is intended only for residents of the Russian Federation. In particular, please note that you can only request a refund from the system in Russia, and for this you need to present a Russian passport. Is a bank account or credit card required to work with Yandex. Money? No. To become a client of the system, neither a bank account nor a credit card is needed. It is enough to register in the Yandex.Money payment system and deposit money into your Wallet. Do I need to provide information about myself when registering? Yes, it is necessary. In case of loss of the password or damage to the program files necessary to access the Wallet, we will be able to return to you the funds you previously deposited into the system only if you have indicated your passport data or the data of the document replacing the passport. Rules for applying for a refund. Is an Internet connection required when making payments in the Yandex.Money system? Yes. Yandex. Money is an online payment system. This means that at the time of making a payment and receiving a response about its result, you need to be connected to the Internet. Is it possible to exchange Yandex. Money to other electronic money? You can, through exchange offices from the section Exchange office Does the Yandex.Money system issue its own currency? No, the Yandex.Money system operates only in Russian rubles. How can I find out who sent me money? If you use Yandex. Wallet, you can see information about the payment in the History of operations section. Information about which account number and for what the transfer was made can only be seen if the payment was made from Yandex. Wallet or Internet program. Wallet version 2.4.2.0 and above. If the payment was made from the old version of the Internet program. Wallet (version 2.1.0.3 and below), then the information is not displayed. If you are using the Internet. Wallet, see the information in the "Internet. Wallet" section. What is the payment password for? The payment password is necessary for greater security of your account from unauthorized access by unauthorized persons. Any actions in the Yandex.Money system must be confirmed with a payment password. Never share it with anyone. Learn more about the payment password. Do Yandex.Money employees know my payment password? No. No one knows and should not know but you. User passwords are stored in encrypted form, and no one has access to them. What is a code number? The code number is 5 or more digits that you must come up with when creating an account in the Yandex.Money system. You will need it if you forget your payment password: enter the code number and date of your birth, and the password will be restored. Remember or write down the code number! You can change it in the section "Payment data" (it is available after entering the payment password). Can I set Wallet to send money automatically? Neither Yandex. Wallet, no Internet program. The wallet cannot be set up to send money automatically. All operations are performed only at the request of the user and are confirmed by the payment password. Can I create several accounts for one Yandex account? No, It is Immpossible. I already have the Internet program installed. Wallet. Do I need to register with Yandex to continue working with it? To work with the payment system using the Internet. Wallet, it is not necessary to register on Yandex. I have Yandex. Wallet and Internet program. Wallet. I want to use money from Yandex. Wallet when working with the Internet program. Wallet. How should I do it? No way. Set up the Internet program. Wallet in such a way that she uses money from Yandex. Wallet, impossible. The reverse is also impossible. How long is a wallet with a zero balance stored? While there are no time limits, however, the Yandex.Money system reserves the right to change its policy on this issue. We paid for the goods through your system, now we need documents for accounting. The invoice and act are issued by the organization that provides the relevant work, services, on the basis of an independent agreement between it and the user. The Yandex.Money system only fulfills the order of this organization in terms of accepting payments for its services (goods). All document flow between the user and the Yandex.Money system takes place electronically. On the basis of the concluded Agreement on the use of the Yandex.Money system, such document flow is equated to paper document flow, and no other documents are issued to the user in confirmation of payment acceptance. In addition, please note that, in accordance with the System Use Agreement, a legal entity cannot be a Yandex user. Of money. To obtain documents confirming payment for a particular product/service, you need to contact the seller of the product/service. To receive a scanned copy of the payment order, please contact our support team. Can a legal entity be the owner of a Wallet in the Yandex.Money system?. No. Wallets are opened only for individuals. The author recommends practicing on small amounts before the first large payment. Authors: Shevchuk D.A., Shevchuk V.A. << Back: Commemorative and investment coins of the Bank of Russia >> Forward: Employment in a bank (work in a bank)
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