Banking. Banking system (BS) (most important)

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Banking. Banking system (BS) (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Abbreviations

KB - commercial bank, commercial banks

CB - central bank

c. b. - securities, securities

Yu. l. - legal entity, legal entities

f. l. - natural person, natural persons

r / s - current account

t/s - current account

c/s - correspondent account

b. - it should be

m. b. - maybe (may be)

UK - authorized capital

SK - equity

RCC - cash settlement center

JSC - joint stock company

RZB - securities market

A - asset

P - passive

s/n - salary

Topic 1. Banking system (BS)

BS is a form of organizing the functioning of specialized credit institutions in the country that have developed historically and are enshrined in laws. The concept of BS involves the definition of its components: banks and the system. Banks are credit organizations that attract free funds from individuals and legal entities, accumulate and place them on the basis of repayment, urgency, and payment. Banks are considered as an intermediary organization, trading enterprise, ownership, financial market entity, object of supervision and regulation. Banks are also carriers of such functions as: redistribution, control, cost savings in circulation; but, above all, the accumulation of funds, the intermediary function of regulating money circulation. System - a set of different types of interconnected banks and other credit institutions operating within the framework of a single financial and credit mechanism. BS is an ambiguous concept, it can be considered from a number of positions, as an organizational and institutional scheme. 1) the institutional scheme includes a set of certain elements - institutions and organizations directly or indirectly involved in banking activities, their tasks, functions and operations. 2) the organizational chart combines the functioning in Russia of the types and forms of loans.

Consider the organizational chart: A commercial loan provided for goods by one enterprise to another, which is associated with a frequent shortage of funds to pay for the supply of raw materials, goods. A commercial loan is issued by a promissory note, which is a debt obligation of the debtor to pay the amount of money indicated in it by the due date. The purpose of a commercial loan is to accelerate the sale of products. Consumer credit is associated with lending to the end consumer, i.e. the population. Lenders in consumer credit are business structures, as well as commercial banks and non-profit organizations. By purchasing government securities, as well as lending to government programs, banks also participate in government loans. For an international loan, both creditors and borrowers can be represented quite widely: also banks, credit organizations and special structures of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A corporate loan that transfers and distributes credit resources: within the industry, does not involve the participation of banking-type credit institutions. In Russia, among the stable banks, there are "banks of the industry", which are included as a subordinate link in the industry hierarchies. Corporate loans are a priority area of their specialization.

The main structure that determines the institutional scheme of the BS of the Russian Federation (RF).

1) The Central Bank is an independent, but state-controlled credit institution whose main tasks include: - ensuring the stability of the national currency, minimizing inflation; - ensuring the efficiency and stability of the BS (withdrawal of licenses, banking audit, placement and issue of securities (securities)). 100% state participation in the capital of bank R.

2) agencies for the restructuring of credit institutions (ARCO) - established by the government and the Bank of Russia (CB RF), whose tasks include: - participation in the liquidation of bankrupt banks; - work with bad assets; participation in management, provision of economic support; - participates in the liquidation of banks, when placing their assets, attracts investments for the implementation of restructuring measures, etc. This includes, in addition to ARCO, other organizations.

3) Banks, the controlling stake of which is owned by the state and the Central Bank - These state-owned banks, being government agents, take on a significant burden of implementing monetary policy (Sberbank, Bank of Moscow), operations with government loans, work with budget accounts.

4) Universal commercial banks. A distinctive feature is: the implementation of a full range of banking activities to attract and place financial resources, settlements and investments, operations with currency, securities. The number of these banks in Russia is large.

5) Specialized commercial banks. They have many restrictions in their operations and transactions, but a high level of quality and professionalism. 6) Non-bank credit organizations, which include: postal savings organizations, credit unions, pension funds, insurance companies.

7) Branches and representative offices of foreign banks.

The institutional scheme for building the Russian BS is based on 3 principles:

1) Hierarchical allocates separate levels in the BS 1. Central Bank and ARCO 2. All credit institutions

2) the functional-regulating principle divides the BS into separate segments - layers based on functions

3) organizational and hierarchical principle - the complete allocation of all functioning elements of the banking system, including the central office, territorial branches, etc.

Authors: Shevchuk D.A., Shevchuk V.A.

>> Forward: Commercial loan (CC)

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