English for doctors. Nasopharynx and larynx (lecture notes)

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English for doctors. Nasopharynx and larynx (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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LECTURE No. 30. Nasopharynx and larynx

Nasopharynx is the first part of the pharynx.

It is lined by a pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar.

Epithelium with goblet cells: under the epithelium, a gland-containing connective tissue layer rests directly on the periosteum of the bone.

The cilia beat towards the oropharynx, which is composed of a stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium.

The pharyngeal tonsil, an aggregate of nodular and diffuse lymphatic tissue, is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx subjacent to the epithelium. Hypertrophy of this tissue as a result of chronic inflammation results in a condition known as adenoiditis. Larynx is a passageway that connects the pharynx to the trachea and contains the voicebox. Its walls are composed of cartilage held together by fibroela-stic connective tissue.

The mucous layer of the larynx forms two pairs of elastic tissue folds that extend into the lumen. The upper pair are called the vestibu-lar folds (or false vocal cords), and the lower pair con stitute the true vocal cords. The epithelium of the ventral side of the epiglottis and of the vocal cords is composed of stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized cells. The remainder of the larynx is lined with ciliated, pseudostrati-fied, columnar epithelium. All cilia, from the larynx to the lungs, beat upward toward the nasopharynx.

new words

nasopharynx - nasopharynx first - first

pseudostratified - pseudo-layered

ciliated - equipped with cilia

columnar - columnar

epithelium - epithelium

goblet cells

gland-containing - containing iron

connective tissue - connective tissue

layer - layer

directly - directly

periosteum - periosteum bone - bone

cilia beat - eyelashes beat

oropharynx - upper part of the throat

stratified - stratified

squamous - scaly

nonkeratinized - non-keratinized

somewhere - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere

Using somewhere, anywhere, nowhere or everywhere

1. Affirmative form: I saw this man somewhere.

2. Negative form:

I saw this man nowhere. I did not see this man anywhere.

3. Question form:

Did you see this I man anywhere?

Paste somewhere, anywhere, nowhere or everywhere.

1. I put my dictionary... yesterday.

2. I can't find my bag...

3. Of course, that is because you leave your books...

4. You must go... next summer.

5. Did you go... on Sunday?

6. Let's go...

7. I cannot find my glasses...

8. I always put me gloves... and then look for them for hours.

9. There are flags, banners and flowers... on the streets.

10. I know that these books are.

11. Do you have... for breakfast?

12. I can find her.

Translate into English.

1. There is something on the table.

2. Nobody knows anything about this.

3. There are trees and flowers everywhere in the park.

4. There is someone in that room.

5. Marina lives somewhere in the center.

6. There is no one there.

7. I have several friends.

8. I can live anywhere.

9. Somewhere it’s warm now.

10. He couldn’t find red roses anywhere.

Answer the questions.

1. What is the first part of the pharynx?

2. What is the nasopharynx lined by?

3. Where does a gland - containing connective tissue layer rest?

4. Where does the cilia beat?

5. What is oropharynx composed of?

6. What is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

7. What is the reason of adenoids?

8. What does the larynx connect?

9. What does the voicebox contain?

10. What is the voicebox composed of?

Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).

Make the sentences of your own using somewhere, anywhere, nowhere or everywhere (10 sentences).

Find one word, which is a little bit different in meaning from others (find one word that is slightly different from others in meaning):

1) a) nasopharynx; b) intestines; c) pharynx;

2) a) throat; b) trachea; c) feet;

3) a) Adam's apple; b) head; c) trachea;

4) a) lungs; b) coccyx; c) bronchi;

5) a) ear; b) tonsil; c) nose.

Author: Elena Belikova

<< Back: The nose

>> Forward: Trachea

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