LECTURE 18

Arteries are classified according to their size, the appearance of their tunica media, or their major function.

Large elastic conducting arteries include the aorta and its large branches. Unstained, they appear yellow due to their high content of elastin.

The tunica intima is composed of endothelium and a thin subjacent connective tissue layer. An internal elastic membrane marks the boundary between the intima and media.

The tunica media is extremely thick in large arteries and con sists of circularly organized, fenestrated sheets of elastic tissue with interspersed smooth muscle cells. These cells are responding to producing elastin and other extracellular matrix components. The outermost elastin sheet is considered as the external elastic membrane, which marks the boundary between the media and the tunica adventitia.

The tunica adventitia is a longitudinally oriented collection of colla-genous bundles and delicate elastic fibers with associated fibroblasts. Large blood vessels have their own blood supply (vasa vasorum), which consists of small vessels that branch profusely in the walls of larger arteries and veins. Muscular distributing arteries are medium-sized vessels that are characterized by their predominance of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells in the media interspersed with a few elastin components. Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle may occur. Both internal and external elastic limiting membranes are clearly demonstrated. The intima is thinner than that of the large arteries.

Arterioles are the smallest components of the arterial tree. Generally, any artery less than 0,5 mm in diameter is considered to be a small artery or arteriole. A subendothelial layer and the inter nal elastic membrane may be present in the largest of these vessels but are absent in the smaller ones. The media is composed of several smooth muscle cell layers, and the adventitia is poorly devel oped. An external elastic membrane is absent.

new words

arteries - arteries

to be classified - classified

according - accordingly

their - theirs

size - size

appearance - appearance

tunica - shell

major - main

elastic - elastic

conducting - conducting

arteries - arteries

to include - include

aorta - aorta

branches - branches

up to - up to

layers - layers

smooth - smooth

may - can

Remember the following frozen phrases.

In a loud voice In a low voice In an angry voice In a thin voice

Fill in the blanks where necessary.

1. She shouted in. low voice

2. He told us the poem in. loud voice.

3. The children asked ice-cream in. thin voice.

4. The teacher cried at the pupils in. angry voice

5. Bill Robins was... very rich man.

6. He was. richest man in. village.

7. Pete is... tallest boy in our class.

8. Nick is... shortest boy, but he is very strong.

9. He is... stronger than many boys who are taller than he.

10. I think Nick is... strongest boy in class.

The definite article is used before superlative adjectives..

E.g. Asia is the largest continent.

My brother is the best pupil in his class.

Insert an article where necessary.

1. Bill Robins was... very rich man. He was... richest man in... village.

2. Pete is... tallest boy in our class. Nick is... shortest boy, but he is very strong.

3. He is... stronger than many boys who are taller than he.

4. I think Nick is... strongest boy in class.

5. Granny often tells us... long stories. Today her story was still... longer.

6. It was... longest story. She began telling it after... dinner and finished it before... supper.

7. But... story was very interesting. I think it was... most interesting of Granny's stories.

8. Which was... most difficult exercise in. test-paper?

9. Which is... best season of the year?

10. February is... shortest month of the year.

Answer the questions.

1. How are the arteries classified?

2. What do large elastic conducting arteries include?

3. What is the tunica intima composed of?

4. What does an internal elastic membrane mark do?

5. Is the tunica media thick?

6. Is the tunica adventitia a longitudinally oriented collection of col-lagenous bundles?

7. What do the tunica adventitia associated with?

8. What are the muscular distributing arteries?

9. Up to how many layers of smooth muscle may occur?

10. What is the media composed of?

Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).

Find the definite and indefinite articles in the text.

Author: Elena Belikova

<< Back: Hematopoietic tissue

>> Forward: capillaries

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ General psychology. Lecture notes

▪ Theory of Government and Rights. Crib

▪ Age-related psychology. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive Washing people with ultrasound 29.10.2022 If bubbles, rose petals, and scented candles aren't enough to soothe you after a long day, your dream bath might be just around the corner. Scientists in Japan are developing a "human washing machine" that cleanses your body as it plays a relaxing video selected for you by artificial intelligence. An ultrasonic bath blows users with high-speed water containing very fine air bubbles that remove dirt from the pores. This is the development of Science, a technology company in Osaka that creates shower heads and bathtubs using this bubble technology. The product, dubbed "Project Usoyaro", is expected to be completed by 2024 and then showcased at Osaka in 2025. Its goal is to "wash the mind" as well as the body, creating the most comfortable experience for the user.

Other interesting news:

▪ COOLiRIGBT - new IGBT family with switching frequency up to 200 kHz

▪ Sauna for the heart

▪ Realistic flight simulator

▪ Prions jump from animals to humans

▪ Electronics rules the genes

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Power supply. Article selection

▪ article And it's all about him. Popular expression

▪ article Why does the highest mountain in the world have an English name? Detailed answer

▪ article Ultra fast clamp. home workshop

▪ Hren article. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article It's not just about the raincoats. physical experiment

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024