Life safety. Fundamentals of harmonious coexistence of society and nature (lecture notes)

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Life safety. Fundamentals of harmonious coexistence of society and nature (lecture notes)

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Lecture No. 36. Fundamentals of the harmonious coexistence of society and nature

The interaction of society and nature is subject to certain laws. Russian scientists Yu. N. Kuratkovsky (1989) the most important of them are highlighted:

1) human activity smooths out interzonal and interregional differences in the living cover of the Earth and enhances local differences;

2) exposes all elements of the biospheric nature to spontaneous and partial cultivation;

3) humanity exists in the biosphere as a superspecies that changes its entire closed environment in such a way that it becomes unsuitable for its existence;

4) the superspecific properties of mankind created by reason and technical equipment allow it to impart the properties of an ecological system to its environment, to ensure the stable existence of life;

5) humanity can preserve the possibility of a favorable existence only in the conditions of a planetary system of nature management built on ecological principles.

The World Charter for Nature, approved by the UN General Assembly in 1982, calls for the harmonious coexistence of human society and nature. This charter proclaimed a number of fundamental provisions for all mankind:

1) humanity is aware that it is an integral part of nature. Therefore, nature should be treated with respect and not violate its basic principles;

2) the genetic basis of life on Earth should not be endangered. The position of every form of life, wild or domesticated, must be maintained; the necessary habitat for this should be preserved;

3) all regions of the Earth, both on land and on the seas, should be subject to protection in accordance with these requirements, special protection should be provided to unique areas - typical representatives of all types of ecosystems and habitats of rare or endangered species;

4) natural resources should not be wasted, but used sparingly.

In 1992, the UN International Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro adopted recommendations on the transition of mankind to sustainable development for the harmonious coexistence of society and nature. The same conference pointed out the need to solve three strategic tasks facing the world community for this:

1) limiting the growth of production and consumption in the industrialized countries of the world, which are both the main consumers of natural resources and pollutants of the environment;

2) reasonable limitation of population growth, especially in the developed countries of Asia and Africa;

3) prevention of deepening inequality between rich and poor countries and regions.

United Nations Special Body on the Environment - UNEP - implements a long-term environmental protection program, for the financing of which The UN General Assembly created the Environment Fund. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) promotes cooperation between governments, national and international organizations, and individuals on the protection of nature and the conservation of natural resources. IUCN has prepared an International The Red Book (10 volumes).

Thus, the conclusion follows that without the harmonious coexistence of society and nature, sustainable development of mankind is impossible both on a global scale and locally.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko I.V.

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