Life safety. AIDS and its prevention (lecture notes)

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Life safety. AIDS and its prevention (lecture notes)

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Lecture No. 14. AIDS and its prevention

Acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), discovered in 1981, affects both industrialized and developing countries. This proves once again how closely the lifestyle and norms of life are connected with health. Pandemic (worldwide epidemic) AIDS - a serious threat to entire peoples and cultures.

The causative agent of the disease - the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was discovered in 1983. It affects the human immune system: it settles in blood cells that protect the body from pathogens entering from outside. For a person with AIDS, even those microbes that are constantly present in the body and usually do no harm become dangerous.

The disease develops gradually, lasts for several years, and almost always ends in death.

Early symptoms of the disease can be: weight loss, swollen lymph nodes that do not disappear for a long time, general malaise, unexplained fever, lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system.

At later stages, chronic pustular and inflammatory lesions of the skin, genitals, and mouth develop. A weakened body is more easily affected by bacteria, fungi; bacterial, viral, fungal complications develop. There are signs of pneumonia, prolonged diarrhea, mental disorder, damage to the nervous system.

Three ways of transmission of the AIDS virus have been identified: sexual; when transfusing infected blood or using non-sterile syringes and needles; infection of the fetus or newborn child from an infected mother.

Among the high-risk groups, first of all, there are people who are promiscuous and drug addicts, who often use common syringes.

Each country is developing its own national program to combat this disease.

In Russia, test systems have been created for diagnosing AIDS, which detect antibodies to the virus. You can be tested for the AIDS virus either at your place of residence or anonymously in specialized laboratories.

If a person - a carrier of the AIDS virus does not show signs of illness, then he is taken under the supervision of doctors and examined regularly two to three times a year. Each carrier of the virus receives individual advice on the rules of conduct that prevent infection of other people, and at the same time is excluded from the list of donors. Sexual partners of carriers of the virus are identified and examined.

AIDS prevention is developing in two directions: establishing the production of disposable syringes and systems for blood transfusion; adequate supply of condoms; strengthening the fight against drug addiction, since the use of the same needle by several drug addicts is considered one of the main conditions for contracting AIDS.

The onset of a formidable disease requires each person to observe such life rules that will allow them to preserve their own health and those around them. Effective treatments have not yet been found.

AIDS prevention prescribes sexual intercourse with a regular partner, the obligatory use of a condom in case of a relationship with an unknown partner; refusal to have sexual relations with people of the same sex; withdrawal from drugs.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko I.V.

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