Life safety. The influence of the environment on human health (lecture notes)

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Life safety. The influence of the environment on human health (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Lecture No. 1. The impact of the environment on human health

Health is associated with social relations and "parameters" of the external environment. The environment includes a number of environments: natural and social, domestic and industrial, space and terrestrial. Man, as a living organism, exchanges substances, energy and information with the environment.

The species affiliation of a person is fixed in heredity and is associated with biological evolution. But man, as a social being, began not only to adapt to the environment, but also to adapt it to himself, began to produce the necessary means of life. As a result of production practice, humanity has become a powerful transforming force, which manifests itself much faster than the course of the natural evolution of the biosphere, and is capable of creating a "second nature" - the technosphere.

Mankind as an element of the ecosystem is connected with all terrestrial forms of life: with air, water, soil. Production, armed with science and equipped with modern technology, often disrupts the normal functioning of natural systems, the totality of which is our habitat.

The vital activity of the human body proceeds within certain boundaries established by nature. Normal body temperature and environmental temperature favorable for a person; normal pressure in the blood vessels and atmospheric pressure around; normal amount of fluid in the body and normal air humidity, etc.

The economic intrusion of man into the biosphere in a number of parameters has sharply violated the optimum of the established natural harmony.

Some synthetic, artificial materials and industrial wastes are alien to the physical and chemical structure of living organisms, and sometimes they are simply poisonous. These substances, due to the circulation of water and air, spread and penetrate into the stratosphere and ocean depths, causing industrial pollution of water, air, and soil.

Violation of ecological balance - "environmental scissors" - is dangerous by disruption of adaptation mechanisms. A kind of biosocial arrhythmia arose - a mismatch between the natural and social rhythms of human life.

It is difficult to maintain health when a person, along with the benefits of civilization, is burdened by its costs - speed, overload, various kinds of environmental pollution, an abundance of information, an ever greater separation from nature.

The concept of "pollution of the external environment" includes three components:

1) what is polluted: atmosphere, hydrosphere, soil;

2) what pollutes: industry, transport, noise, etc.;

3) what is polluted with: heavy metals, dust, pesticides, etc.

They allow you to determine the quality of the environment in which a person lives. The external environment is considered unhealthy if it causes health problems, if it is difficult to adapt to it. There is also an extreme environment in which human life is simply impossible without its preliminary "re-equipment" for life, for example, the Arctic and Antarctica.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko I.V.

>> Forward: Healthy lifestyle as a system of individual human behavior aimed at maintaining and strengthening health

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