77. PROCEDURE FOR CONSIDERATION, ADOPTION AND APPROVAL OF FEDERAL LAWS

The procedure for consideration, adoption and approval of laws is covered by the stages of the legislative process in the Russian Federation, starting with the preliminary consideration of the bill in the State Duma and ending with the submission of the federal law to the President of the Russian Federation for signing. After introduction of a bill to the State Duma, its Council appoints a special committee to consider the bill that has arrived, which sends this document to the competent authorities to receive feedback, suggestions and comments on it and conducts the entire preparatory procedure for considering the bill in the first reading.

Consideration prepared bill in the State Duma of the Russian Federation passes after 14 days from the date of its submission.

Consideration of a bill can take place in no more than 3 readings, and at the end of the third reading, the bill must be adopted or completely rejected.

First reading consideration of the bill is as follows: the concept of the future law is discussed, an assessment is made of the compliance of its main provisions with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, its relevance and practical significance. As a result of the discussion in the first reading of the bill, the State Duma may make one of the following decisions:

1) adopt the bill in the first reading and continue work on it, taking into account proposals and comments in the form of amendments;

2) reject the bill;

3) adopt a law (a law can be adopted in the first reading only if a majority of the total number of deputies of the State Duma votes for its adoption).

Second reading the bill must pass within 4 months from the date of the decision on the bill in the first reading. During the second reading, the bill must be presented together with a table of amendments approved by the special committee of the State Duma for work on the bill and included in the text of the bill, as well as a table of amendments recommended by the responsible committee for rejection, and a table of amendments on which no decisions were made. As a result of the discussion in the second reading, the State Duma may make one of the following decisions:

1) return the bill for revision to the responsible committee;

2) adopt the bill in the second reading;

3) reject the bill and withdraw it from consideration;

4) return the bill to the first reading procedure;

5) adopt the federal law as a whole in the second reading (this is possible if the final text of the bill is available and provided that the legal and linguistic examination of the bill has already been carried out). After adoption in the second reading, the bill is sent to the responsible committee to eliminate technical deficiencies and finalize it.

В third reading amendments to the bill are no longer allowed, it is considered with already prepared amendments.

According to its results, the State Duma is obliged to either adopt the bill in the form of the final version of the federal law and send it to the Federation Council for approval, or completely reject the bill and stop its consideration.

From the moment of adoption by the State Duma, the bill is considered to be an adopted federal law.

Author: Kakovkina Ye.N.

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