Конституционное (государственное) право Российской Федерации. Личные права и свободы граждан РФ (самое важное)

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Конституционное (государственное) право Российской Федерации. Личные права и свободы граждан РФ (самое важное)

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26. PERSONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Basic personal rights and freedoms of a citizen of the Russian Federation - these are inalienable and belonging to everyone from birth the rights and freedoms of a person, which do not depend on the presence of citizenship of the Russian Federation and ensure the protection of life, freedom and dignity of the individual.

The basic personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen are enshrined in Ch. 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the Russian Federation include:

1) the right to life and health protection;

2) to personal integrity and protection of honor and dignity of the individual;

3) to personal freedom and freedom of movement;

4) equality of all before the law and court;

5) the right to privacy and home;

6) the right to freely determine nationality and freely use the national language;

7) to freedom of conscience and religion, etc.

Right to life and health is a fundamental right. Without it, the whole point in establishing and observing other rights and guarantees is lost.

No one can take the life of another person with impunity. With the development of Russia as a legal state, the value of human life in the Russian Federation has increased even more. Even the previously permissible punishment for a crime - the death penalty - is now prohibited by law, and although it can still be appointed as an exceptional one, its enforcement is not allowed.

The right to protection and protection of the dignity of the person means that "no one shall be subjected to torture, violence, or other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment" (Article 21 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). Violations of the right to honor and dignity of a person also include insult, slander, and beatings. Responsibility is established by federal laws for such attacks on the honor and dignity of citizens.

Right to personal integrity means the inadmissibility of depriving anyone of his freedom and personal integrity.

Federal laws allow the restriction of this right in the form of sanctions for unlawful actions of a person, and their application is possible only by order of the court or the prosecution and investigation authorities.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the right to privacy, personal and family secrets, protection of one’s honor and good name. This right is ensured by the citizen himself or is protected by his representative in court. This right prohibits the collection, storage, use and dissemination of information about the private life of anyone without their consent.

The law allows violation of the right to the inviolability of the home in the form of penetration into it in cases where this is necessary by virtue of the law, for example, on the basis of a court decision to ensure the safety of society and in other cases provided for by law.

RF guarantees everyone right of free movement both within the territory of the Russian Federation and outside it, i.e. everyone can freely choose for himself a place of residence throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, travel outside its borders and freely return to the Russian Federation.

Personal rights and freedoms of a person form the backbone of the entire legal status of a person in the Russian Federation and ensure respect and protection of the individual in accordance with international standards.

Author: Kakovkina Ye.N.

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