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Centenarians in focus

02.06.2005

An international project to study centenarians has been launched. It involves scientists from 11 European countries, as well as from Israel and China. They survey 5600 siblings who have now lived to 90 years or more, as well as an equal number of older couples, to find out how centenarians differ from the rest of the population.

The focus is primarily on mitochondria, which are believed to play a special role in the aging process and the regulation of lifespan. Scientists hope to discover a gene responsible for repairing damage that occurs during the operation of mitochondria and other parts of the cell.

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Ventilator to help you breathe 11.01.2023

Experts from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a soft, robotic and implanted ventilator.

The device, based on two soft tubes, works like artificial muscles and enhances the movements of the diaphragm. As a result, the patient with the implant can "breathe deeply".

The base of the device is soft tubes resembling balloons. They are implanted under the diaphragm - a dome-shaped muscle located in the chest cavity, the movements of which ensure normal breathing. The tubes are placed across the diaphragm and attached to the chest on either side of this muscle.

When inflated with an external pump, the tubes act like artificial muscles, pushing against the diaphragm and helping the lungs expand. In this case, the tubes can be inflated at a frequency corresponding to the natural rhythm of the diaphragm.

Scientists note that such a system is more in line with natural breathing than traditional ventilators. They create positive pressure, which pushes air through the patient's central airways and pumps it into the lungs. The diaphragm, on the other hand, creates negative pressure. When the muscle contracts and pushes down, it creates a "vacuum" into which air is drawn.

The implanted ventilator increases the pigs' tidal volume, or the amount of air the lungs can draw in with each breath. The most significant improvement was observed in cases where the contraction of the diaphragm and artificial muscles were synchronized. In these cases, the fan helped the diaphragm draw in three times as much air.

The new device can be widely used, first of all, to maintain the quality of life of people with chronic diaphragm dysfunction that occurs in people with ALS, muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular diseases.

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