Table of contents (expand)
27. Diphtheria. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment
Clinical manifestations. The symptomatology of diphtheria is determined by the localization of the infection, the immunological status of the macroorganism and the severity of toxemia. The incubation period is 1-6 days. Classification:
1) diphtheria of the nose occurs mainly in young children. Initially, it is characterized by mild rhinorrhea in the absence of general disorders. Gradually, discharge from the nose becomes serous-bloody in color, and then mucopurulent;
2) diphtheria of the tonsils and pharynx - a more severe form of the disease. The onset of the disease is characterized by an inconspicuous, gradual increase in body temperature, anorexia, malaise and pharyngitis. After 1-2 days, films appear in the throat, the prevalence of which depends on the immune status of the patient.
Cervical lymphadenitis in some cases is accompanied by swelling of the soft tissues of the neck, in others it can be very pronounced, resembling a bull's neck. The course of pharyngeal diphtheria depends on the prevalence of films and the amount of toxin produced;
3) diphtheria of the larynx develops with the spread of films from the tonsils and from the nasopharynx. Clinical symptoms resemble a picture of a common infectious croup: noisy labored breathing, increasing stridor, wheezing and dry cough;
4) diphtheria of the skin is characterized by ulcers with clear edges and a bottom covered with a diphtheria film;
5) diphtheria of the conjunctival membrane is usually limited to a local process, with reddening of the eyelids, their swelling and film formation;
6) ear diphtheria is characterized by otitis externa with long-term persistent and foul-smelling purulent discharge. Diagnosis. Diphtheria is diagnosed:
1) based on clinical data;
2) when confirming the isolation of the pathogen;
3) using the method of fluorescent antibodies. Treatment. The basis of treatment is the neutralization of free diphtheria toxin and the destruction of the pathogen with antibiotics. The only specific therapeutic agent is diphtheria antitoxin, obtained from the serum of hyperimmunized horses.
Antitoxin should be given intravenously as early as possible and in amounts sufficient to neutralize all circulating toxin in the body. Doses of antitoxin are selected empirically: in mild forms of diphtheria of the nose or pharynx, 40 units are prescribed, and in more severe forms, 000 units. A dose of 80 units is prescribed for the most severe forms of diphtheria of the pharynx and larynx.
Antibiotics (erythromycin and penicillin, amoxicillin, rifampicin, clindamycin) are prescribed to stop further production of the toxin by the diphtheria bacillus.
Author: Pavlova N.V.
<< Back: Diphtheria. Etiology. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis and pathomorphology
>> Forward: Pertussis
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ Logistics. Crib
▪ Russian language. Crib
▪ History and theory of religions. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Recorded the first ever Marsquake
24.04.2019
The French seismometer SEIS recorded weak seismological activity on Mars. This is the first recorded aftershock on the Red Planet in history.
Seismological activity was recorded on April 6 on the 128th day of the SEIS mission, the report said. According to scientists, "weak but distinct" tremors were caused by the internal activity of Mars. The discovery was named "Sol 128".
These are the first recorded impacts on Mars. Such weak seismological activity would be impossible to detect on Earth. At the same time, similar shocks were received on the surface of the Moon during the mission of the Apollo manned spacecraft in the XNUMXth century.
In March-April, three even weaker signals were recorded on Mars, which may also be of seismic origin.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Greens against crime and disease
▪ 1000-core KiloCore processor
▪ Prototype anode for sodium-ion batteries
▪ Recognition of dogs by nose pattern
▪ Samsung Galaxy Note 3
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Mobile communications. Article selection
▪ article From gulkin's nose. Popular expression
▪ article How does a bullfinch look in the lens of a night vision device in a cold winter? Detailed answer
▪ article Paper boat. Personal transport
▪ article Do-it-yourself GP 1/4, 1/2, 5/8 antennas. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Math trick with notepad. Focus Secret
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese