Infectious diseases. Infection caused by anaerobic microorganisms. Etiology. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis. Pathomorphology (most important)

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Infectious diseases. Infection caused by anaerobic microorganisms. Etiology. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis. Pathomorphology (most important)

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24. Infection caused by anaerobic microorganisms. Etiology. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis. Pathomorphology

Etiology. Anaerobic bacteria are widely distributed in the soil, are part of the normal human microflora, and are constantly found on mucous membranes, especially in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobic microorganisms usually die in the presence of oxygen, but their sensitivity to it varies. Some pathogens of anaerobic infections can grow in the presence of oxygen, although less intensively than without it (facultative anaerobes).

Obligate anaerobes do not develop in an environment containing oxygen. In humans, obligate anaerobes dominate.

Epidemiology. With the development of anaerobic infection in children, pathogens can be detected in the blood, abdominal cavity and soft tissues, from where, in addition to blood, several strains of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms are usually isolated.

The main clinical landmarks are:

1) prolonged labored delivery, accompanied by early rupture of the membranes of the membranes of the membranes;

2) peritonitis or septicemia due to intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation or appendicitis;

3) congenital or acquired diseases that violate the child's body resistance to infection;

4) subcutaneous abscesses and infection of the female genital organs;

5) infection of the oropharynx, nasopharynx;

6) aspiration pneumonia.

Pathogenesis. Under normal conditions, anaerobes are of little virulence for humans. But conditions accompanied by a decrease in the level of oxygen in tissues and a weakening of redox processes create prerequisites for the reproduction of anaerobic flora and the manifestation of its pathogenic properties. Diseases of the lungs and pleura caused by anaerobic microorganisms usually develop against the background of existing extrapulmonary foci of anaerobic infection, after penetrating wounds of the chest and heart operations, against the background of systemic diseases that weaken the body's resistance.

Brain abscesses can occur with chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, lung abscess, congenital heart defects with right and left shunts, bacterial endocarditis, infections and injuries of the face and head, and brain surgery. Peritonitis and bacteremia develop after perforation of the small or large intestine, appendicitis, cholecystitis, or gastroenteritis.

Anaerobic infection in newborns is usually observed after prolonged labor, accompanied by early rupture of the membranes of the membranes, or with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Pathomorphology. Conditions for the development of anaerobic infection appear when abscesses and extensive tissue destruction occur. Localization of lesions determines the features of morphological changes.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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