Infectious diseases. Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the plague bacillus (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Infectious diseases. Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the plague bacillus (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

32. Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by a plague bacillus

Etiology. Yersinia pestis is an immobile, polymorphic, Gram-negative bacterium that does not form spores. It looks like a short stick with rounded dense ends and a swollen central part ("safety pin").

Epidemiology. A person becomes ill with plague after being bitten by a flea that previously sucked the blood of a sick rodent, or when processing the carcass of a sick animal. This usually results in the bubonic form of the plague. Infection from a sick person by aerogenic route is also possible, and the most severe pulmonary form of plague develops.

Pathomorphology and pathogenesis. The causative agents of plague, having entered the body of a flea with the blood of a sick animal, multiply in the digestive tract and clog the lumen of the anterior ventricle. When a flea bites a person, it regurgitates them, and the pathogens enter the lymphatic vessels of the skin, and then into the regional lymph nodes. In a severe form of bubonic plague, the lymph nodes lose their barrier function, and pathogens that have multiplied in them penetrate into the general bloodstream.

The primary form of pneumonic plague is caused by aerogenic infection from a sick person; it also develops in case of accidents during laboratory tests.

The reaction of tissues to the introduction of Y. pestis is manifested in their purulent melting.

Clinical manifestations. The incubation period for the bubonic form of plague is 2-6 days, and for the pulmonary form - 1-72 hours.

The bubonic form of plague begins acutely or subacutely. The first manifestations of the subacute form are an increase and compaction of one of the groups of lymph nodes and an increase in body temperature.

The acute form of bubonic plague, in addition to lymphadenitis, is manifested by high body temperature, tachycardia, myalgia. The disease progresses rapidly, there is a violation of consciousness, shock and death within 3-5 days.

The course of primary pneumonic plague is even more acute. The disease is manifested by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, petechial rash or purpura.

Diagnosis. The diagnosis of sporadic cases of plague is based on a careful assessment of the history, physical examination findings, and the possibility of the disease.

Blood, sputum, purulent discharge and aspirate from enlarged lymph nodes should be examined bacterioscopically.

Treatment. Treatment with streptomycin for 5-10 days is indicated, under the influence of which a massive lysis of bacteria occurs, as a result of which reactive phenomena can be observed already at the beginning of treatment. After 2-3 days of treatment with streptomycin, tetracycline or levomycetin is additionally prescribed for 10 days. The bubonic form of plague responds well to treatment with tetracycline for 10 days or chloramphenicol.

Prevention. Primary immunization of adults and children over 11 years of age begins with a dose of 1 ml. After 4 weeks, the second dose is administered - 0,2 ml, and after another 6 months - the third (0,2 ml). In the future, three of the same doses are administered at 6-month intervals.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

<< Back: Brucilosis. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention

>> Forward: Diseases caused by Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Municipal law. Crib

▪ Enterprise planning. Crib

▪ Finance, money circulation and credit. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Chocolate that doesn't melt 09.01.2016

Barry Callebaut claims to have created a technology that beats the melting of chocolate. And they have already begun to produce miracle bars that retain their shape and consistency at temperatures up to 38 ° C - 4 ° C more than ordinary chocolate can withstand.

The company's management instructed its specialists to develop heat-resistant chocolate in order to further develop new markets. The new chocolate is planned to be sold in countries with a warmer climate - in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. The company notes that chocolate is less popular in these regions precisely because of the high cost of delivery. Meanwhile, among the advantages of heat-resistant chocolate are just simplified conditions for transportation and storage.

The idea of making chocolate unaffected by heat is not new; similar technologies have been developed by several companies for decades. For example, Hershey, a company that has been selling "tropical bars" since World War II, says its heat-resistant chocolate will go on sale within two years.

And Nestle experts believe that it is possible to create chocolate that can withstand heat up to 40 ° C. As early as 2012, Cadbury's laboratory staff developed a chocolate that retains its shape at this temperature for more than three hours.

Hershey previously announced plans to launch chocolates infused with the amino acid L-theanine found in green tea. This decision was made after a study that proved that dark chocolate and green tea - the perfect combination to increase concentration.

Other interesting news:

▪ Improving the efficiency of MRAM memory

▪ Intel Audio Solutions

▪ Friendship prolongs life

▪ The first Soviet meteorological satellite deorbited 43 years after launch

▪ Xiaomi smart washing machine

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the website Basics of First Medical Aid (BFA). Selection of articles

▪ article by Henry Fielding. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Where do bees live that are able to kill hornets by overheating? Detailed answer

▪ article Adverse consequences of the impact of working conditions on a person

▪ article Sound relay with time relay, 4 minutes. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Soldering iron for microsoldering. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews