Infectious diseases. Staphylococcal infection. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention (most important)

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Infectious diseases. Staphylococcal infection. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention (most important)

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17. Staphylococcal infection. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention

Diagnosis. Staphylococcal infection is diagnosed based on isolation of the pathogen from lesions on the skin, abscess cavity, blood, CSF, or other sites. After isolation, the pathogen is identified by Gram stain, coagulase and mannitol reactions. Antibiotic sensitivity and phage typing can be done if needed.

The diagnosis of staphylococcal food poisoning is usually established on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data. The food that served as the source of food poisoning should be subjected to bacteriological examination and tested for the content of enterotoxin, which is determined using gel diffusion reactions, passive hemagglutination inhibition and the method of fluorescent antibodies.

Antibodies to teichoic acid can be detected using the agar double diffusion method. This test is important in the diagnosis of staphylococcal endocarditis or septicemia.

Diagnostic value in infections accompanied by staphylococcal bacteremia may have a determination of staphylococcal peptidoglycan and a test for antibodies to IgG.

Treatment is carried out taking into account the form, severity, period of the disease and the age of the child.

With mild and isolated forms of infection in older children, they are limited to symptomatic and local therapy. In moderate and severe forms of infection, complex therapy is prescribed, aimed at eliminating the pathogen, detoxification, restoring metabolic disorders and increasing the body's defenses. If necessary, surgical methods of treatment are used.

For the treatment of infection, especially in severe and generalized forms, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are used.

Complex therapy of severe forms of infection includes the use of anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin, hyperimmune plasma, staphylococcal bacteriophage, blood transfusion from donors immunized with staphylococcal toxoid.

Nonspecific therapy is reduced to the use of detoxification agents, protein preparations, desensitizing agents.

In young children with prolonged sepsis, accompanied by depletion of the function of the adrenal cortex, steroid hormones are indicated (contraindication - septicopyemia with a low index of body reactivity).

To prevent and treat dysbacteriosis, nystatin, levorin, B and C vitamins, bacterial preparations are prescribed, the choice of which depends on the age of the child and the nature of microflora disorders.

Prevention includes a complex of anti-epidemic and organizational measures aimed at preventing staphylococcal infection in maternity hospitals, medical hospitals and physiological children's institutions.

Children who have had a staphylococcal infection are under dispensary observation for 6-12 months.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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