Infectious diseases. Measles. Etiology. Infectiousness. Epidemiology. Pathology (most important)

Free technical library

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Infectious diseases. Measles. Etiology. Infectiousness. Epidemiology. Pathology (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

39. Measles. Etiology. Infectivity. Epidemiology. Pathology

Measles is an acute contagious disease characterized by periods of:

1) incubation, lasting 10-12 days, sometimes accompanied by individual symptoms;

2) prodromal, during which enanthema (Koplik spots) appears on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and pharynx, body temperature rises, conjunctivitis, rhinitis develop, and a painful cough grows;

3) final, accompanied by maculopapular rashes on the face, neck, torso, arms and legs and high body temperature.

Etiology. The measles RNA virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family of the Morbillivirus genus. Only one antigenic type of virus is known, which is similar in structure to the causative agent of infectious parotitis and parainfluenza. During the prodromal period and in the first days after the onset of the rash, it is found in the discharge from the nasopharynx, blood and urine. The virus can be grown on tissue cultures of the renal epithelium of a human embryo or rhesus monkey. Cytological changes observed after 5-10 days of cultivation are the appearance of multinuclear giant cells with intranuclear inclusions. By the time the rash appears, specific antibodies circulate in the blood of patients.

Infectivity. Measles is spread by airborne droplets. The virus is localized in the respiratory tract of the patient. The maximum risk of infection exists during the prodromal period.

Susceptible individuals are most likely to become infected before the first case is diagnosed. An infected person becomes dangerous to others on the 9th-10th day after contact, less often - on the 7th day, therefore, isolation of patients and persons in contact with them is necessary from the 7th day after contact. 5 days after the disappearance of the rash, quarantine is removed.

Epidemiology. Measles is ubiquitous. The source of infection is only a sick person. The route of transmission of the measles virus is airborne, but the transmission of infection through objects and a third person should also be taken into account.

Natural susceptibility to measles can be considered universal, with the exception of children of the first 3 months of life with innate immunity obtained from a mother who had measles or was vaccinated.

Pathology. The most characteristic changes in the skin, mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, bronchi, intestines and conjunctiva. Exudate and proliferating mononuclear and few polymorphonuclear cells appear around the capillaries. Lymphoid tissue is hyperplastic. On the skin, these changes are most pronounced around the sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Koplik's spots are composed of serous exudate and proliferating endothelial cells, similar to those in areas of skin rashes. Often develops diffuse inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, pharynx, spreading to the lymphoid tissue of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

<< Back: anthrax

>> Forward: Measles. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Competition. Crib

▪ Criminal executive law. Crib

▪ Housing law. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Transcend High Endurance microSD cards 10.02.2016

Transcend has introduced a series of microSDHC/SDXC cards called High Endurance.

The range starts at 16 GB and goes up to 64 GB, all cards are Class 10 specs. They use high quality MLC NAND chips, complete with ECC function. The cards are IPX7 waterproof, EMC IEC61000-4-2 ESD rated, and conform to ISO7816-1 radiation protection specifications. Temperature range - from -25 to 85 degrees Celsius.

The new Transcend cards are not as fast as the recently announced ADATA solutions, but still can write and read data at speeds of 20-21 MB/s. The warranty for the connector is 10 connections, the reliability, expressed in hours of video recording, is 3 hours for the younger model, 32 hours for a 6 GB card, and 12 hours for the most capacious model.

Transcend plans to start deliveries of new cards in March.

Other interesting news:

▪ 3D printer to make sports car seats

▪ 5 GHz processor

▪ Razer Ornata - the first keyboards with Razer Mecha-Membrane switches

▪ Memory chip based on magnetoresistive structures

▪ Corsair M75 Air Wireless Mouse

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Your stories. Article selection

▪ article Happy feet. Popular expression

▪ article How did the anti-alcohol campaign affect the lyrics of Time Machine? Detailed answer

▪ article Chebrets. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Stroboscopic light-dynamic installation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Switching power supply on a unijunction transistor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews