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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Thyme ordinary (thyme, thyme). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
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Common thyme (thyme, thyme), Thymus vulgaris. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Thyme (Thymus) Family: Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae) Origin: Eurasia and North Africa Area: Thyme is widely distributed throughout the temperate climates of the world, including Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. Chemical composition: Common thyme contains essential oils (thymol, carvacrol, linalol, geraniol), flavonoids, tannins, resins, organic acids, vitamin C. Economic value: Common thyme is used in cooking as a spice, as well as in medicine and cosmetics due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is also used in perfumery and in the production of essential oils. Legends, myths, symbolism: Thyme has a rather rich history in culture and folklore. In ancient Greek mythology, thyme was associated with the goddess Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. According to legend, the thyme grew from the place where Aphrodite's blood fell during her struggle with Ares. In medieval Europe, thyme was a symbol of bravery and courage. Knights wore it on their helmets as an aromatic talisman and also used the plant as a medicine to heal wounds.
Common thyme (thyme, thyme), Thymus vulgaris. Description, illustrations of the plant Thyme (thyme). Legends, myths, history
According to Greek legend, thyme was born from the burning tears of Helen the Beautiful. The biblical legend says that the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus on a bed of thyme. In European legends, fairies sleep and dance on beds of thyme. An old Irish legend says that if you wash your eyes with dew collected from thyme bushes at dawn on the first of May (after Walpurgis Night), then after that you can see fairies. Popular names: thyme, virgin herb (thymus serpyllum), helenium - Helen's flower, wild mint - thymbra capitata, serpullum. Such a strong aroma emanates from a small bunch of this modest herb that it seems as if all the steppe herbs are gathered together. This property is also indicated by one of the popular names "incense" (from the Old Slavic "incense", that is, "incense"). It is difficult to say where the nicknames "Bogorodskaya grass" and "Virgin's grass" came from. Apparently, they are connected with the custom of our ancestors to decorate churches with flowers of this plant on the feast of the Assumption of the Virgin, which happens at the end of August. Indeed, at that time, thyme in the Russian northern forests was almost the only plant that still blooms, they framed icons with the image of the Virgin or placed small bouquets of thyme on the goddesses. There are at least four versions about the origin of the generic name for thyme (thymus). Some associate it with the word thymos - strength, courage. In the Middle Ages, it was believed that thyme instilled strength and courage in people, so the image of its branches in various combinations and surrounded by bees often adorned knightly scarves. According to another version, this Greek word is translated as the breath of life, spirit. Thyme was highly valued by the ancient Greeks. Kykeon (talker) - a drink prepared from a mixture of wine, honey, flour and thyme (wild mint), is already mentioned by Homer. Wild mint (thyme or thyme) gave the drink a sharp, spicy smell. It was the favorite drink of the Attic peasants. The essential oil of thyme in ancient Greece was dedicated to Aphrodite. In the ancient world, Dioscorides mentions this plant under the name satureja capitata, connecting it with the name of the ancient Roman god of fertility and time Saturn, in Russia - the Mother of God, in Egypt - Serapis. Main properties: health, healing, sleep, mental strength, love, cleansing, courage. Thyme is considered a talisman against evil spirits and negative energy. It is burned to cleanse and fumigate the room where magical rites are performed. Helps from damage, pacifies the brownie, expels the poltergeist. To enhance personal energy in the spring, take a cleansing bath of thyme and marjoram. A pillow stuffed with thyme helps to get rid of nightmares. According to the third version, it is associated with the word thyo - "to make a sacrifice." This version is based on the fact that thyme is the oldest cult plant. All peoples had a custom of sacrificing thyme to the gods: it was usually burned in temples or on altars. Fragrant smoke (incense) ascended to the sky, caressing the sense of smell of the gods and causing their favor. In ancient Greece, he was dedicated to Aphrodite, in Rome - to the god of time Saturn, and in Russia - to the Mother of God. According to the fourth version, the name of thyme comes from the Greek thymiama (incense, fragrant smoking) - the Greeks dedicated it to Aphrodite and burned it in the temples of the goddess. The fragrant smoke rising to the sky meant that the goddess accepted the sacrifice. The first mention of this herb dates back to 2750 BC. e., and they were found on ancient cuneiform tablets of the Sumerians. It describes a recipe for a healing poultice, which includes pears, figs and thyme. The ancient Egyptians used it for embalming; grass was recommended for the treatment of leprosy, paralysis. There is a belief among fishermen that fumigating fishing tackle with thyme ensures a successful catch.
In ancient Greece, thyme symbolized grace and elegance, and such a compliment as "you smell like thyme" was the highest praise. After taking a bath, the Greeks rubbed the body with fragrant oils from this fragrant plant. This flower was well known to the healers and fortune-tellers of ancient Greece. Its fragrant incense helped people inform the gods about their requests and intentions, established a connection between them and the world of the Olympic gods. Women weaved a wreath of thyme (a symbol of fertility). Thyme is a wonderful honey plant, which was known in ancient Greece. Here the thyme, as well as the bee, were symbols of industriousness. The Romans took baths from the infusion of thyme to increase vitality. In the Middle Ages, before they went on a campaign, ladies gave sprigs of thyme to knights and embroidered them on shirts to maintain courage in battle. The Scottish highlanders drank tea with wild thyme for the same purpose. In Ukraine, they liked to put thyme in pillows for sound sleep. In the old days, it was believed that thyme heals, saves from damage, from the brownie. Together with the plant "Peter's cross" it was sewn into amulets and worn around the neck to protect itself from evil spirits. Thyme was used in pagan rituals. In one rather ancient herbalist there is a poem called "The Witchcraft of the Nine Herbs." It mentions nine herbs, which in those days were considered the most effective medicinal and magical plants. The eighth plant on the list there was thyme. Thyme is also used in love magic - it is part of many potions. Since ancient times, thyme has been revered as a divine herb that can restore not only health, but also life to a person. This is probably why they sniffed powdered thyme during fainting. Dioscorides recommends an infusion of thyme with honey for asthma, as an anthelmintic and expectorant, for childbirth and women's diseases. Pliny the Elder in his writings cites 28 medicines, which included thyme. Avicenna wrote that if boiled in vinegar and applied to the head with rose oil, it helps against memory loss, as well as insanity, lethargy and meningitis. He also recommends it as an anthelmintic, uterine and a remedy that can remove stones. Author: Martyanova L.M. Common thyme (thyme, thyme), Thymus vulgaris. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Perennial creeping subshrub of the Lamiaceae family up to 35 cm high. The thyme stem is creeping, woody at the base and well rooted. Ascending flowering branches extend upward from the stem. The thyme leaves are small, oblong-ovate, wrapped down, short-petiolate, opposite, covered on both sides with thin glands. The leaf blade is dark green above, grayish green below. Flowers with a bell-shaped calyx and pink, white or purple-red corolla are collected in inflorescences. The fruits consist of very small silver-brown nuts. The root is taproot with well-developed adnexal. Found throughout Europe, Western Asia, North America. Abundant and friendly flowering of thyme occurs in the second year of life in late May - early June. Seeds ripen in July, and in hot summer - almost a month earlier. Thyme is winter-hardy, however, in years with severe frosts, some of the shoots may freeze out. Although thyme is drought-resistant and photophilous, it is better to cultivate it on light soils and areas protected from winds. In the initial period of vegetation, thyme requires increased soil moisture. In the future, a less humid regime is required, since excessive moisture retards growth and, accordingly, the accumulation of essential oil in the plant. Thyme is responsive to organic and mineral supplements during planting and during the growing season. According to the chemical composition, common thyme is distinguished by a significant content of essential oil. It is light-moving, colorless or light yellow with a pleasant smell and a burning spicy taste. Its main component is thymol, which is included in the drugs recommended for respiratory diseases. In addition to the essential oil, common thyme contains flafonoids, acids, etc. Common thyme rightfully belongs to the number of spices and its popularity among lovers of delicious food is increasing. Greens can be added to food as an independent seasoning. Indispensable in a mixture with parsley and bay leaf. Thyme is added to vegetables, soups, fish, meat, poultry, salads, pickles (cucumbers), smoked meats, sandwich butter (often with tarragon), used to flavor honey. For this purpose, it is also used in the alcoholic beverage and dairy industries. Cultivation. Common thyme can be propagated both by seeds and by dividing the bush. In autumn, the area intended for planting or sowing thyme is subjected to deep plowing. In the spring they carefully loosen and harrow. If organic fertilizers were applied under the previous crop, it is advisable to apply mineral fertilizers during loosening: 20 g of ammonium sulfate, 40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m2. Before sowing seeds, the soil is slightly rolled or the rows are compacted with a wooden stick. After sowing the seeds, sprinkle them with a layer of earth of 1-1,5 cm. With optimal humidity, friendly shoots appear. After 3-5 days, careful loosening of row spacings is carried out. After 2-3 days, the plants are weeded from weeds, leaving 20-25 cm between them, and 60-70 cm between rows. 20 m30. A very important point in the cultivation of common thyme is regular and thorough weeding, since the plant itself is undersized and even a small amount of weed grass sharply inhibits its growth and development. In addition to weeding, thyme, especially in the first period of development and growth, needs systematic watering. Subsequently, it is watered only during dry periods, since the root system of an adult plant is already more powerful and fully ensures normal growth. When propagated by seeds in the first year of life, the plant forms vegetative organs. In the second year, the plant blooms and bears fruit. The aerial part of the thyme is harvested at the flowering stage and used as needed. The cut grass is dried under a canopy or in a well-ventilated area. Dry raw materials can be stored both at 18-20 °C and at 2-5 °C. In the first case, it is packed in plastic bags, in the second - in parchment paper. Authors: Yurchenko L.A., Vasilkevich S.I.
Common thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation
Names: Ukrainian city chenchik; Az. cupcake otu; arm. urts; cargo, urtsi; German Thymian, Quendel, Demut, kleine Cypresse, Huhnerpoley; Goal. tijm, quendel, onzer vrouwe besdtroo; dates timian; Swede, tradgards timjan; English french thyme, narrow left thyme, common thyme; fr. thym ordinaire; it. timo, pepolino; Spanish tomillo; port, timo; hung. kokukfii, vad esomber; words. timijan, timos; Serb, manja manzurana; Polish tymianek; Czech dymian zimni. Common thyme comes from the northwestern part of the Mediterranean floristic region. Semi-shrub or in culture due to freezing) is an annual, with cobweb-pubescent leaves on the underside. Stems evenly-short-hairy; leaves oblong-obovate, 5-10 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, with short petioles. Inflorescence discontinuous, peduncles quite long; corolla lilac, rather pale (almost white). Seeds are light or dark brown, flat-round nuts, 0,7-1 mm long and thick, about 0,5-0,8 mm wide. The weight of 1000 seeds is 0,3 g. Seeds remain viable for 2-3 years. The leaves are used as food, like other labial herbs, either fresh or dry, as a seasoning for various dishes. Cultivated thyme has two varieties: southern, or French, and winter, or German. Southern thyme is a low (10-18 cm) plant, with small grayish and very fragrant leaves; plants of the second variety are larger and have broader, but less fragrant and somewhat bitter-tasting leaves. In the middle lane and in the north, thyme freezes and is therefore bred as an annual plant. Sowing is done at the end of May before the end of the last spring frosts in loose, light and fertile soil. You can sow seeds in a greenhouse (in April). It is recommended to plant thyme seedlings at a distance of 18 cm. Thyme is cut and dried in the same way as other odorous labial herbs. Another type of thyme is used similarly - T. alpinus L. Author: Ipatiev A.N.
Common thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: fragrant thyme, gorodny cap. A small semi-shrub of the labiate family (Labiatae), with ascending stems 20-50 cm tall. The leaves are small, 0,8 cm long, with strongly curled edges, densely pubescent, with a pleasant aromatic smell. The flowers are small, two-lipped, lilac, collected at the ends of the branches in racemose inflorescences of false axillary semi-whirls. The fruit is a nut. Range and habitats. It grows wild in the northwestern Mediterranean. Chemical composition. The herb contains an essential oil (1-2%), in which thymol (up to 40%), n-cymol, borneol, linalool, l-pinene, gamma-terpinene, triterpene, ursolic, oleanolic, coffee, quinic, chlorogenic acids are found, thymus-saponin, resins, tannins, flavonoids. Application in medicine. Common thyme herb (lat. Herba Thymi vulgaris) and essential oil (Oleum Thymi) are used as medicinal raw materials. The grass is harvested during the flowering period, dried, threshed, and lignified and large stems are removed. Freshly harvested raw materials are used to obtain essential oils. Thymol, found in thyme herb, is used medicinally as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Thyme liquid extract is a component of Pertussin, used as an expectorant and cough softener for bronchitis and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The essential oil is part of the liniments. In folk medicine, thyme is used to gargle, for whooping cough and bronchitis. Thyme leaf baicalein has been found to synergistically increase the ability of tetracycline to kill therapy-resistant staphylococci Other uses. Thyme has a pleasant strong smell, sharp, strongly spicy bitter taste, its leaves are used as a spice. In May - June, honey bees take very fragrant nectar from flowering thyme. Nectar productivity is more than 100 kg per hectare. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N. Thyme. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
The dry hill, open to all winds, is poor in grass. Exhausted by the summer heat, they are especially short and thin here. Even wormwood is unsightly, sticking out in some places like whirlwinds. Some wild carnations, littered with sparks in the hard forbs, and meadow geranium - crail, scattering lilac bushes on the sides, somewhat brighten up the surroundings. But what is it: the sandy slope is densely dotted with small pinkish-lilac flowers! The creeping stalks are pressed tightly to the ground and only the twigs bearing the heads of the inflorescences are slightly raised. Yes, this is thyme, in a different way, creeping thyme, Bogorodskaya grass - an incomparable steppe with evergreen oblong leaves! Fragrant thyme grass is not found. Its smell seems to have absorbed the charm of upland herbs, their strong fragrance before rare but menacing downpours. A bunch of Bogorodsk grass will delight the naturalist for a long time with the charm of a luxurious aroma, discreet, but sweet appearance. Not without reason, in pagan antiquity, our ancestors burned incense to their idols with thyme, throwing fragrant stems on the raspberry coals of the fire. It is he, thyme, who gives the steppe and steppe that color, that imperishable poetry, without which open places would lose their inexpressible charm! Thyme creeping woody - its tough, thin stems are strong, dryish. It is not without reason that they are hairy: it is easier for the plant to withstand the summer heat. Thyme leaves, of course, are small, skinny, otherwise our steppe dweller would be tormented by severe thirst. Cilia along the edges of rounded plates, glands on the front sides of leathery leaves - all this gives thyme heat resistance, resistance to dry weather. That is why he is in the forest zone and prefers to drag dry sands and settle in a stuffy forest, climbing into the very sun. The inflorescence of Bogorodsk grass is capitate, narrow. Consists of pink or purple-red flowers. Thyme shines throughout the whole summer, then the petal beauty fades, fruiting begins. Each thyme fruit consists of four flattened, very small nuts. This plant produces an abundance of fissile hybrids, which greatly complicates the identification of species. And yet, in all the variety of thyme, florists distinguish several hundred species. Let us dwell only on creeping thyme, the very settler of upland and stuffy forests, which is so sympathetic with its luxurious smell and truly original, useful. Like all its closest relatives, thyme is rich in essential oils, which are widely recognized by perfumers and pharmacists. But it occupies a special place in folk medicine. Thyme teas and infusions have long been used to relieve blockages in the throat, tame coughs and whooping cough; warm pomace of the herb applied externally relieves the pain caused by sciatica. Thyme was widely used for aromatic baths (50 grams of herbs per bucket of boiling water): they help with impaired metabolism.
In peasant everyday life, thyme, or, as it was also called, savory, chabor, from time immemorial was brought to the huts during the green Semitskaya week - for the smell. He also went to the fragrance of drinks. In one of the monuments of Slavic writing of the XII century we read: "Brashna ... with a potion, as if with crop and savory." Bogorodskaya grass is also interestingly described in old botanical manuals. For example, Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov, in one of his works dating back to 1781, points out: “It has the property of strengthening the stomach, head and heart, soothing vomiting and pain in the stomach, corrects any nausea in the stomach, produces appetite, drives hibernation and nausea from the head , sharpens and strengthens eyesight ... When used externally, it disperses tumors, stiffness and bumps. And it helps against noise and ringing in the ears ... "Of course, the properties of our herb are greatly exaggerated here, or even simply praised. Currently, creeping thyme is used in pharmacy for the preparation of Pertusin, a well-known cough medicine. Grass is harvested only at the time of flowering. To do this, the capitate inflorescences are pressed with a sickle, which are scattered for a year with an iron roof in a thin layer. With frequent stirring, the collection can be dried under a canopy. When the raw material dries, it is threshed in matter, and then sifted on a sieve to separate the coarse stems from the mixture of leaves, flowers and thin twigs. The taste of raw materials is bitter-spicy, slightly burning, when rubbed, a pleasant smell is heard. They "hunt" for thyme both on sandy hills and in sparse pine forests, in upland meadows, along glades and edges. It is not necessary to rely on pure thickets, since creeping thyme is most often only interspersed in spots in undersized forbs. And it opens to the collectors not suddenly, but after a thorough search. Thyme is also known as a vegetable crop. It is quite possible to grow it in the garden, like other spicy plants. Soils for Bogorodskaya grass are selected light, calcareous, well flavored with humus. The site should be, of course, sunny, open. Manure fertilizer is applied in the previous year. Propagated by seedlings or by sowing seeds directly into the ground. Greenhouses and greenhouses are used to grow seedlings. Seeds are sown in seed boxes in early spring, before the snow melts. Seeds germinate for a long time - about two weeks. Seedlings are then thinned out. Seedlings are placed on the bed in rows, the distance between them is 35-45, and between plants - 20 cm. When sowing in the ground, the seeds are laid out in small holes or scatter. Care for developing plants will consist in weeding and loosening the beds, and in the second and third years fertilizing will be required. Responsive vegetable and lime. Thyme develops the greatest productivity in the third and fourth years of life. Then the landing is resumed. Reproduction is possible by dividing the bushes. This operation is postponed until the spring. Where the climate is cold, it is advisable to cultivate Bogorodskaya grass as an annual crop. Harvest the thyme several times during the summer. The first cut of the stems is timed to the time of flowering. Cut stems are tied into bundles, which are dried in a shaded place. Garden thyme is just as good as wild thyme for seasoning salads and as a side dish for fish and meat dishes. It will give a spicy flavor to vegetable dishes, say, from peas, lentils or beans. In industry, a valuable essential oil is obtained from thyme, which is necessary for canned food, sausages and liquor. Spicy herb thyme is used in pickling cucumbers. Author: Strizhev A.N. Thyme. Basic information about the plant, use in cooking
Thyme is a plant famous for its strong aroma. The taste of grass is spicy, warming, bitter. In Ukraine, 36 types of thyme grow, which, as essential oil plants, are equally used in perfumery and alcoholic beverage production. Young plants are used as an aromatic spice when pickling cucumbers, pickling pears and apples. Replaces imported cinnamon. Dry thyme leaves in the Caucasus go as a seasoning for soups, cutlets, meat broths. In Poland, a delicious fragrant sauce is prepared from fresh thyme leaves for various dishes. For 300 g of sauce, take 6 tablespoons of finely chopped thyme leaves, 60 g of margarine or butter, 40 g of wheat flour, a tablespoon of meat broth or broth, a glass of sour cream and salt to taste. Flour is added to the melted butter and sautéed until golden brown, diluted with broth and brought to a boil, then salted, sour cream is added and heated. Thyme is used to make liqueurs such as "Chartreuse", "Benedictine", "Allash", vodka "Erofeich". Author: Reva M.L.
Common thyme (thyme, thyme), Thymus vulgaris. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Common thyme (thyme, thyme), Thymus vulgaris. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Common thyme, also known as thyme or thyme, is a perennial aromatic plant in the mint family. It is widely used in cooking, medicine and cosmetology. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing common thyme: Cultivation:
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