Non-bitter chicory has been bred. Free Technical Library News

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Non-bitter chicory bred

11.08.2021

Researchers at Wageningen University have used new breeding methods to develop a variety of chicory that no longer contains bitter compounds.

Chicory is a beautiful plant with blue flowers, but the interesting part of it is in the ground: chicory roots are a source of inulin, a natural sweetener used in bread and dairy products, and as dietary fiber for healthy bowel function.

"Inulin has a positive effect on the health of the digestive system. Usually, inulin needs to be separated from bitter compounds (which are also found in the root) as they cause a bitter taste. With new breeding methods such as CRISPR-Cas, we were able to develop a plant that is no longer contains bitterness. This will lead to less expensive, easier and more environmentally friendly processing, as well as a wider use of inulin. Now we know which genes are involved in the production of bitter compounds, so we can also change the level of bitterness in witloof, "the scientists said.

The new CRISPR-Cas method specifically targets chicory DNA, which is responsible for certain desirable or undesirable plant characteristics.

"A technique called genome editing makes small changes to the DNA. So the grown chicory contains only its own DNA. We turned off four genes responsible for bitter substances. To do this, we took cells from a leaf, processed them with technology, and then allowed them grow back (in the greenhouse). Using this method, breeding is much faster," explained KeyGene spokesman Paul Bundock.

Within the framework of the European CHIC project, researchers and enterprises are also working on the development of the specific bitter chicory compounds (terpenes) themselves. These compounds can serve as anti-inflammatory agents and/or cancer drugs.

"Bitter compounds protect plants from fungi and bacteria. In the project, we were able to demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity. Previous studies have shown that bitter compounds in chicory have antihelminthic effects in sheep," said Sensus corporate development manager Matthew de Roode.

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