Infectious diseases. Botulism. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention (most important)

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Infectious diseases. Botulism. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention (most important)

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23. Botulism. Clinic. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention

The clinical manifestations of botulism in young children can range from mild forms, manifested only by constipation and anorexia, to very severe forms, characterized by neurological symptoms with sudden death. Usually, an outwardly healthy child develops constipation, sucking and swallowing worsens, crying and screaming weaken, he stops smiling, hypotension develops, and the heart rhythm is disturbed. Within a few hours or days, descending-type paralysis progresses with damage to the cranial nerves, trunk and legs. Intestinal paresis, atony of the bladder, ptosis, mydriasis, weakening of salivation and lacrimation are noted.

food botulism. The incubation period lasts from several hours to 8 days, most often 12-36 hours.

Characteristic signs of botulinum toxicity are nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, diplopia, dysarthria, and dry mouth. Ptosis, miosis, nystagmus and paresis of the eye muscles are detected. The mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx and tongue are dry, lacrimation stops, respiratory movements are disturbed, sensitivity does not change. Respiratory failure progresses rapidly due to impaired mechanical functions and breathing capabilities.

The course of wound botulism is milder and slower, depending on the nature of the wound.

Diagnosis. Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of epidemiological and characteristic classical manifestations. For laboratory confirmation, the detection of a toxin and a pathogen in biomaterials taken from a patient, as well as in food products using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods and latex agglutination reactions are used - specific and highly sensitive methods that allow, in addition to detecting toxins, to identify specific antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies in blood serum sick.

Treatment of botulism in infants consists of continuous monitoring, basic life support, and general intensive care, including respiratory support and nutrition.

food botulism. All persons who have consumed products contaminated with botulinum toxin should be hospitalized. They urgently need to provoke vomiting, gastric lavage and then administer a saline laxative, high enemas are required to remove unabsorbed toxin.

A pronounced effect is observed after the introduction of a specific antitoxin. There are three types of antitoxin derived from horse serum. Prior to identifying the type of botulinum toxin, a polyvalent antitoxin must be administered.

To suppress the pathogen, which can continue to produce the toxin, patients are given an aqueous solution of penicillin.

Wound botulism. Wounds should be properly treated and drained.

Prevention. Boiling food for 10 minutes destroys botulinum toxin. Bacterial spores are killed when heated to 116 °C.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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