Training and advanced training of engineering and technical workers to comply with regulatory requirements for labor safety. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Training and advanced training of engineering and technical workers to comply with regulatory requirements for labor safety. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Directory / Basics of safe life

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Training of engineering and technical workers (ITR) all specialties according to regulatory safety requirements is required; the equipment and technology created and operated are the main sources of traumatic and harmful factors acting in the environment.

Developing new technology the engineer is obliged not only to ensure its functional perfection, manufacturability and acceptable economic indicators, but also to achieve the required levels of its environmental friendliness and safety in the technosphere. To this end, an engineer, when designing or before operating equipment, must identify all negative factors, establish their significance, develop and apply in the design of machines means to reduce negative factors to acceptable values, as well as means to prevent accidents and disasters using new technologies.

Since increasing the environmental friendliness of modern technical systems is often achieved by using eco-bioprotective technology, the engineer must know, be able to apply and create new means of protection, especially in the field of their professional activity. The engineer must understand that in the field of environmental protection, low-waste technologies and production cycles, including the receipt and processing of raw materials, production, disposal and disposal of waste, have the greatest protective effect, and in the field of safety - systems with high reliability, unmanned technologies and systems with remote control .

Solving the problems of the Belarusian Railways in the design and operation of technical systems is impossible without the engineer knowing the levels of permissible impacts of negative factors on humans and the environment, as well as knowing the negative consequences that arise when these regulatory requirements are violated.

This knowledge should be owned by specialists from all sectors of the economy, specialists in the field of energy, transport, metallurgy, chemistry and a number of other industries, specialists in monitoring the safety of the technosphere and the environmental friendliness of technical facilities, environmental monitoring in the regions, experts in assessing the safety of the technosphere and the environmental friendliness of technical objects, projects and plans; engineers - developers of eco-bioprotective systems and protective equipment. The main tasks of the activities of such specialists should be a comprehensive assessment of technical systems and industries from the standpoint of the Belarusian Railways, the development of new means and systems of eco-bioprotection, and management in the field of Belarusian Railways at the industrial and regional levels.

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triangular singularity 04.09.2021

An international team of researchers, led by scientists from the University of Bonn, conducted a thorough analysis of the data collected during experiments at one of the particle accelerators, and found long-awaited evidence of the existence of one very exotic phenomenon. This phenomenon, the so-called "triangular singularity", is responsible for the fact that, under certain conditions, elementary particles can exchange quarks and turn into particles of other types. In addition, the phenomenon of the "triangular singularity" contains the answer to one of the mysteries that puzzled nuclear scientists for a long time: protons, neutrons and many other particles have a much larger mass than one would expect from the point of view of some modern theories. This is due to some of the features of the strong nuclear forces that bind and hold quarks together.

During the research, scientists analyzed data from the COMPASS experiment of the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN. This experiment consists in accelerating certain particles called pions to extremely high speeds and "shooting" these pions at hydrogen atoms.

The particles, called pions, consist of a quark and an antiquark, held together by strong nuclear forces, like two opposite-pole magnets. However, if the magnets break apart and start to move away from each other, the force of their mutual attraction will decrease with increasing distance. The forces of strong nuclear interactions behave very differently, their strength increases with increasing distance, making it all like a stretched spring or elastic band.

However, when a pion collides with a hydrogen nucleus, the "gum" of strong nuclear interactions "bursts" and a rather large amount of accumulated potential energy is released. "This energy turns into matter, and this process creates new types of elementary particles," the researchers wrote.

In 2015, the sensors of the COMPASS experiment during the "shooting" of pions at hydrogen atoms recorded very unusual signals. The nature of these signals indicated that an exotic particle arose during the collision for a very short time. "Ordinary particles, such as protons and neutrons, consist of three quarks. Others, such as pions, consist of a quark and an antiquark," the researchers write. tetraquark".

However, a more accurate analysis of the data showed that the presence of an unusual signal can be explained in a slightly different way, from the point of view of the possibility of the existence of the "triangular singularity" phenomenon. This mechanism was theoretically described back in the 1950s by the Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau, but until recently not a single experimental proof has been obtained.

According to this, during the collision of a pion and a hydrogen atom, a tetraquark does not appear at all, but some intermediate particles containing quarks and antiquarks appear. Intermediate particles instantly decay, and nearby particles participating in the collision exchange quarks and change their type. The resulting signals very much resemble signals from a tetraquark particle having a certain mass.

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