Infectious diseases. Psittacosis (ornithosis) (most important)

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Infectious diseases. Psittacosis (ornithosis) (most important)

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48. Psittacosis (ornithosis)

Ornithosis is an infectious disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci, transmitted to humans from birds, characterized by symptoms of intoxication and lung damage.

Epidemiology. The natural reservoir is wild and domestic birds, in which the infection occurs more often in a latent form. The causative agent is excreted by birds with feces and respiratory secretions. The main routes of transmission are airborne and airborne. Infection of children occurs through contact with indoor and domestic birds, as well as pigeons, etc.

Clinical manifestations. The incubation period is from 5 to 30 days, usually 1-2 weeks. The onset of the disease is usually acute.

There are chills, fever, severe headaches, muscle pain, weakness and blackout of consciousness. Pneumonia often develops, less common anorexia, vomiting, photophobia, and an enlarged spleen.

In some rare cases, hepatitis, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation are noted. Body temperature can reach 40,5 °C.

Auscultation of the lungs reveals scattered dry rales, and x-rays show signs of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Changes in the blood formula are uncharacteristic.

A serious condition can last for 3 weeks, after which a pronounced improvement occurs. Mortality does not exceed 1%.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. A similar clinical picture develops with pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, influenza bacillus and some viruses. The diagnosis is established by anamnestic data on contact with sick birds at work or in the market.

Isolation of chlamydia from blood and sputum with appropriate laboratory capabilities facilitates diagnosis. A 4-fold increase in the titer of complement-fixing antibodies is also of great importance.

A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on a single determination of the complement fixation reaction when its titer is 1:32 or higher.

Treatment. Antibiotics are usually prescribed (erythromycin, sumamed, levomycetin, rulid in the age dosage and depending on the nature of the course).

With bacterial complications, penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides are prescribed.

In severe cases of psittacosis, corticosteroid hormones are indicated. Symptomatic and stimulating treatment is prescribed.

Prevention is aimed at identifying ornithosis in birds, observing sanitary and hygienic skills when caring for poultry. Hospitalized patients should be kept under the conditions of isolation used for airborne infections.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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