An inductor and a capacitor in an alternating current circuit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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The features of alternating current are the change in the strength and direction of the current. These phenomena distinguish it from direct current. For example, AC power cannot charge a battery. Also, it cannot be used for other technical purposes.
The strength of the alternating current is in direct proportion not only to the voltage and resistance, but also to the inductance of the conductors connected to the circuit. As a rule, inductance significantly reduces the strength of the alternating current. Due to the fact that the resistance of the circuit is equal to the ratio of voltage to current strength, connecting an inductor to the circuit will increase the total resistance. This will happen due to the presence of self-induction EMF, which does not allow the current to increase. If the voltage changes, then the current strength simply does not have time to reach the maximum values that it would have acquired if there were no self-induction.
It follows from this that the greatest value of the alternating current strength is limited by the inductance, i.e., the greater the inductance and voltage frequency, the less the current strength will be.
If a capacitor bank is included in the DC circuit, then there will be no current in the circuit, because the capacitor plates are separated from each other by insulating gaskets. If there is a capacitor in the circuit, direct current cannot exist.
If exactly the same battery is connected to an alternating current circuit, then a current will appear in it. This is explained as follows. Under the influence of a changing voltage, the capacitors are charged and discharged. That is, if one plate of the capacitor had a negative charge during any half-cycle, then in the next half-cycle it will acquire a positive charge.
Therefore, recharging the capacitor moves charges around the circuit. And this is the electric current, which can be detected with an ammeter.
The greater the charge being moved, the greater the current strength, that is, the greater the capacitance of the capacitor and the more often it is recharged, the greater the frequency.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
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