Who refuted the teachings of Ptolemy? Detailed answer

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Who refuted the teachings of Ptolemy? Detailed answer

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Who refuted the teachings of Ptolemy?

For a long time, almost a millennium and a half, the teachings of Ptolemy dominated the minds of people, stating that the Earth rests motionlessly in the center of the Universe. The geocentric system of Ptolemy was refuted by the great Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). After thirty years of hard work, long observations of the sky, complex mathematical calculations, he proved that the Earth is only one of the planets and that all planets revolve around the Sun.

He proved that it is the movement of the Earth around the Sun and its daily rotation around its axis that explains the apparent movement of the Sun, the strange entanglement in the movement of the planets and the apparent rotation of the firmament.

Copernicus brilliantly simply explained that we perceive the movement of distant celestial bodies in the same way as the movement of various objects on Earth when we ourselves are in motion. It seems to us that the shores are receding when we are sailing in a boat; it seems to us that we are floating above the water when we look down the current from the bridge. In the same way, when the Earth in its motion overtakes another planet, it seems to us that the planet is moving backward, describing a loop in the sky. In reality, the planets move in regular orbits without making any loops.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is Black Thursday and Black Friday?

In August 1869, as a result of stock exchange fraud, the purpose of which was to increase railroad rates, a lot of gold was thrown into the US market (which would have stabilized it). By July 1869, the rate of gold rose by 65%, and on September 24, 1869, "Black Friday" broke out: the rate collapsed immediately by 30%. A direct consequence of "Black Friday" was the temporary decline of the New York Stock Exchange and the long-term decline of railroad shares, which turned from respectable paper into a speculative instrument.

The US Great Depression was preceded by "Black Thursday": the stock market crash of 1929. The precipitous fall in stock prices began on October 24, 1929 ("Black Thursday") and continued on a catastrophic scale on October 28 ("Black Monday") and October 29 ("Black Tuesday"). ").

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Fluid that saves energy for 20 years 03.11.2018

Swedish scientists have developed a special liquid called solar thermal fuel. Its peculiarity lies in the ability to store the collected solar energy for almost two decades.

The basis of solar fuel, developed by scientists from the Chalmers Institute of Technology (Sweden), are special molecules of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. When these molecules are exposed to sunlight, a reaction occurs: their atomic bonds are rearranged and an isomer is obtained at the output. Strong chemical bonds between isomers capture solar energy and are able to store it even when the temperature of the molecules drops to room temperature (about 21 degrees Celsius). When access to stored energy is required, the liquid is passed through a catalyst, which returns the molecules to their original form. As a result of this process, you receive energy in the form of heat at the output.

The device for collecting renewable energy looks like a concave reflector with a tube in the center, through which the liquid runs. The design resembles a radio dish that monitors the movement of the Sun. The liquid is driven through a transparent tube in the center of the reflector and heated by sunlight, as a result of which the norbornadiene molecules in the liquid are converted into a heat-insulating isomer, quadricyclane. The liquid is then simply stored in some kind of tank at normal temperature with minimal loss of energy.

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During the tests, the researchers ran the liquid through 125 cycles, first heating it and then cooling it to normal temperature. No significant damage was noted for the molecules contained within it.

According to the developers, through a series of improvements, they managed to ensure that their liquid is now capable of storing the equivalent of 250 Wh / kg, which is almost twice as efficient as the Tesla Powerwall batteries.

The inventors are not going to stop there. According to them, the technology can be improved so that it can produce even more heat - at least 110 degrees Celsius.

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