An anode prototype for sodium-ion batteries. Free Technical Library News

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Prototype anode for sodium-ion batteries

31.12.2013

A group of researchers from the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, together with colleagues from Singapore and Israel, have created a new material that can be used to make anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Such batteries in the future may replace the lithium-ion batteries that have become widespread today.

Chemists from the Trypilska laboratory headed by Tatyana have found a way to create a layer of antimony sulfide from the so-called peroxo complexes. Scientists call compounds of various substances with the OOH group that way (employees of the Trypolskaya laboratory focused on p-group elements, mainly antimony and tin). This group is actually a hydrogen peroxide molecule (H2O2, HOOH) with one hydrogen atom separated from it.

During the experiment, graphene flakes were coated with a thin layer of antimony sulfide. These flakes were used in a composite material for battery electrodes, while instead of the lithium-ion technology common today, scientists conducted an experiment with sodium.

Sodium-ion batteries may have one significant advantage over lithium batteries: there are a lot of sodium reserves on Earth. For example, this element forms table salt. In theory, sodium batteries could be cheaper than lithium ones, but sodium ions are not built into ordinary graphite electrodes (or electrodes made from other available materials).

In their work, the researchers showed that antimony sulfide is suitable for sodium ions, and there is no need to make entire electrodes from it. Control measurements have shown that the new electrodes can accumulate up to 730 mAh per gram. Chemists estimate that antimony sulfide technology could help bring sodium-ion batteries up to a level comparable to lithium-ion batteries.

"This method of obtaining a composite material does not require special equipment and is very simple in instrumentation," said Petr Prikhodchenko, one of the authors of the work, in an interview with journalists. "It's very cheap and easy to implement, doesn't require a lot of energy, doesn't produce toxic waste, and can be easily scaled up to actual production," he said.

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