Privalov's millions. Novel (1872 - 1877, published 1883)

An event has taken place in the district Ural town of Uzle: after a long absence, a young millionaire Sergey Alexandrovich Privalov returns. His arrival introduces a noticeable variety into the life of the local matchmaker - Khionia Alekseevna Zaplatina, "a lady of indeterminate years with a faded face." She sees a profitable fiancé in Privalov and at first woo Nadezhda for him, the eldest daughter of a major gold miner Vasily Nazarich Bakharev, in whose family Sergey was also brought up.

Sergei’s late father, Alexander Privalov, once worked with Bakharev in the mines. He was a famous factory owner, however, living in grand style, he squandered the wealth accumulated by his ancestors. He was saved by his marriage to the daughter of the famous gold miner Gulyaev, Varvara, Sergei’s future mother. Together with his own daughter, Gulyaev also raised orphans, among whom were his beloved “Vasya and Masha” - Vasily Nazarych Bakharev and Marya Stepanovna. When they grew up, Gulyaev blessed them for the wedding, and soon they got married according to the schismatic rite. Later, the Bakharevs had four children: Kostya, Nadezhda, Verochka and Viktor. Marya Stepanovna, even in the Bakharev’s house, continued to sacredly honor the rites of the schismatics, which she learned from the Gulyaevs, and was an ardent opponent of any innovations and education, considering it “infidelity” and raising the practical Verochka in his own way, however, like the weak-willed Victor - a typical “mama’s boy”. Vasily Nazarych, on the contrary, defended the education of children and found a kindred spirit in his eldest daughter Nadezhda. Stubborn Konstantin also turned out to be close to his father, although, having quarreled with him, he left immediately after university to become a manager at the Shatrovsky factories owned by the Privalovs... In a word, over the years, the Bakharev house was already “sharply divided into two halves.”

Sergey also grew up in this family: when his mother died, Privalov Sr. asked Bakharev to take care of his son. Life in the Privalovs' house was unbearable: endless orgies, gypsy festivities and her husband's drunkenness drove Sergei's unfortunate mother to madness, and then to the grave. The widower married a gypsy Stesha, from whom he had two sons - Ivan and Tit. But Stesha took a lover - Sasha Kholostov and, in collusion with him, killed Privalov, presenting it as an accident. Then she married a lover, who, however, squandered the last capital and, if Bakharev had not intervened, would have sold the factories. Sasha was put on trial, and Stesha took her sons to Moscow. Bakharev, on the other hand, took care of Seryozha and "joined" his guardians. When Sergei was fifteen, he and Kostya were sent to study in St. Petersburg.

And now, fifteen years later, Sergei is back in his hometown. The Bakharevs accept him as their own son, and even though he is staying at a hotel, he feels at ease and calm with them, as if he had returned home after a long journey. Bakharev hopes that Sergei Alexandrovich will follow in his footsteps and become a gold miner, but this is not for Privalov: he prefers the mill business, and he is not suitable for the role of continuing the tradition.

Bakharev's daughter Nadezhda amazes Privalov at first sight - not so much with beauty, but with special spiritual strength. However, the girl herself remains indifferent to the groom: she is disgusted by the imposed role of the bride of a millionaire. Meanwhile, the matchmaker Khionia Alekseevna, building her own plans for Privalov, settles him in her house: she is not yet sure who she will marry for him, but the very neighborhood of the owner of millions leads Madame Zaplatin was delighted (even if only the Shatrovka factories remained of the millions). One thing surprises the highly experienced matchmaker: why Privalov often visited the Bakharevs and never once visited his other guardians, Polovodov and Lyakhovsky, especially since Lyakhovsky has a beautiful daughter. Privalov really does not immediately decide to go to the guardians, although he wants to be freed from guardianship; but each time, without noticing it himself, he ends up in the Bakharevs' house and talks in a friendly way with Nadezhda Vasilievna, hiding his feelings and not striving to marry.

In the meantime, Polovodov’s guardian, together with his German uncle, are developing an insidious plan on how to finally take possession of Privalov’s wealth: the eldest son and heir Ivan Privalov, although weak-minded, “formally has not been declared crazy” and can “issue bills of exchange for a large amount, and then declare himself insolvent", after which - "the guardians are on the side, a competition is appointed, and the main trustee from the competition" will be Polovodov, and all other guardians and heirs "will become pawns". But for this it is necessary to somehow remove Sergei Alexandrovich from business, to keep him in the Node, having found his weak spot. The eternal weakness of the Privalovs is women. This trump card is played by Polovodov, using his own wife, Antonida Ivanovna, as a bait.

The success of the enterprise is facilitated not only by Sergey's weak character, but also by the fact that Nadezhda Bakhareva, whom he loves, loves another person - Maxim Loskutov, a talented, slightly out of this world, philosopher and scientist who was in exile for freethinking, and now opened his own mine in the Urals. The first beauty of the city, the smart, but proud and eccentric daughter of the old man Lyakhovsky Zosya, is also in love with him. Loskutov chooses Nadezhda, which is why Zosya then falls ill for a long time and is very seriously ill. Privalov, having accidentally heard a love conversation between Nadezhda and Loskutov, falls into melancholy and, to general bewilderment, hides, "lying motionless on his couch for hours." The news of the ruin of the Bakharevs brings him out of prison. Vasily Nazaritch and Marya Stepanovna endure bankruptcy "with composure." They are angry with Privalov for a long absence, not understanding what the matter is. Sergei Alexandrovich gradually returns to life and begins, to the horror of the matchmaker Zaplatina, to build a mill in the village of Garchiki and make friends with ordinary peasants.

Meanwhile, Polovodov's wife is "courting" Privalov with might and main, while Polovodov himself is seriously attracted to Zosya Lyakhovskaya. Finally, after the ball at the Lyakhovskys, Privalov begins a "romance" with Antonida Ivanovna - and when a childhood friend and "factory fanatic" Kostya Bakharev implores him urgently "to leave everything in the Knot and go to St. Petersburg" to decide "the fate of all factories" , then Sergei Alexandrovich, "lulled by the cat's caresses" Polovodova, "who knew how to completely master his soft, supple soul," sends his attorney to Petersburg on her advice.

And there is another misfortune in the Bakharevs' house. Nadezhda tells her father that she is expecting a child from a man who "likes her and whom her parents hate" (we are talking about Loskutov, but his name is not called), that she does not repent of anything and wants to "live honestly" with her beloved without going out marry him. But the angry father curses Nadezhda and, despite her daughter's tears and desperate pleas, points her to the door. And the strict Marya Stepanovna "the flight of the eldest daughter from home only strengthened in the consciousness of the correctness of the old Testament Privalov and Gulyaev ideals, above which there was nothing for her." The name of Nadezhda Vasilievna is no longer pronounced in Bakharev's house, she is "forever excluded from the list of living people."

Meanwhile, Khionia Alekseevna has a new “ideefixe”: to marry Zosya to Privalov, who is being treated just near the village of Garchiki. Becoming her best friend, Zaplatina sings the praises of Privalov, and soon he becomes a hero in the eyes of Zosya. Privalov is captivated by the girl’s beauty, liveliness and wit, and he hopes that after the wedding her eccentric disposition will soften. These hopes are shared by the doctor, a clever woman, a long-time friend and teacher of Zosya and Nadezhda Vasilievna, who is deeply devoted to Zosya and looked after her after her illness. He persuades Zosya to marry Privalov and Polevodov, telling her that this is the only way she can save the Lyakhovsky family from ruin (in fact, this is another clever move in the game: no matter how painful it is for Polovodov to see his beloved Zosya married, he realizes that if something happens Privalov will not be able to sue his guardian Lyakhovsky if he is his father-in-law). But Marya Stepanovna, who until the last minute hoped for Privalov’s marriage with her daughter, does not approve of his marriage to the “infidel” - the Polish Catholic Zosa. And yet the marriage takes place, and both the “going with the flow” groom and the enthusiastic bride are sure that they love each other.

However, almost immediately after the wedding, everything changes: Zosya arranges violent feasts with people like Polovodov, and Privalov perceives all objections as a manifestation of limitation. With grief, Privalov leaves for Garchiki and begins to drink. Fuel is added to the fire by Kostya Bakharev's message that Polovodov managed to seize the rights to the factories. Kostya reproaches Sergei for unforgivable frivolity: if he had gone to St. Petersburg in due time, everything would have been saved. True, the attorney (lawyer Verevkin, who later married Verochka Bakhareva) is convinced that it will be possible to catch Polovodov by the hand, convicting him of fraud and embezzlement.

Time passes, new events occur... Old man Bakharev’s affairs “improved with the speed that is only possible in the gold mining business.” But Loskutov became seriously ill, and he and Nadezhda Vasilievna, returning from the mine, stopped at the doctor’s. Having learned about this, Privalov often visited them: Nadezhda still has a huge influence on him, he pours out his soul to her, and at her insistence he stops drinking. She really feels sorry for this kind and intelligent, but weak-willed man, who has become “a victim of his own, Privalov’s, millions,” but she feels that Sergei Alexandrovich is not telling something... He really continues to hide his love for her.

The doctor prescribes Loskutov rest, fresh air, moderate physical work, and all this can be found in Garchiki, where Privalov has a mill. And Sergei Alexandrovich happily agrees to settle Loskutov with Nadezhda and their daughter there, since there is a suitable outbuilding. Nadezhda Vasilyevna, although embarrassed by this proposal, as if afraid of getting close to Privalov, feels great in the village: she takes care of the sick Loskutov, who is already beginning to go crazy, and little by little helps women in labor, and teaches local children. Fortunately, the attorney succeeds “pressure” Polovodov, convicting him of embezzlement. Privalov "decided to go to St. Petersburg himself to transfer the matter to the Senate." Immediately he receives news that his wife Zosya fled with Polovodov abroad. The doctor who loves Zosya is killed by this news, Privalov understands that he never loved his wife... And Loskutov gets worse: he finally loses his mind and dies two weeks later. Nadezhda Vasilyevna decides to stay forever in Garchiki, where she “buried her young happiness.” While Privalov is leaving for St. Petersburg, she takes care of the mill.

A year after this, Privalov, to the complete horror of old Bakharev, sells the Shatrovsky factories. And news comes from Paris that Polovodov, under threat of exposure, shot himself. Zosya files for divorce, and the doctor goes to see her abroad. Vasily Nazarych Bakharev does not lose hope of becoming related to the Privalov family, buying out the factories and making both Sergei Alexandrovich, whom he loves like a son, and his eldest daughter happy. Bakharev comes to Nadezhda and sees how happy she is with her position, working, almost poor environment, working life. He is completely reconciled with his beloved daughter, watching his granddaughter with emotion, but Nadezhda has a vague feeling that her father came not only for reconciliation. In fact, Vasily Nazarych, almost with tears in his eyes, asks his daughter to marry Privalov, saying that he always loved her and, perhaps, because of her he made all his mistakes. Nadezhda is at a loss, she needs time to understand her feelings and think things over. “If earlier Nadezhda Vasilyevna saw a “groom” in Privalovo, whom she precisely did not love, now she, on the contrary, was especially interested in him, his inner life, even his mistakes, in which the original type was outlined”...

Three years pass, and on Nagornaya Street in the Knot you can meet the completely aged Vasily Nazarich Bakharev, walking not only with his granddaughter, but also with his legitimate grandson, Pavel Privalov. So "the main idea of ​​the stubborn old man triumphed: if Privalov's millions flew up in smoke, then he did not let the strong Privalov family perish."

Author of the retelling: A. D. Plisetskaya

Gold. Novel (1892)

Rodion Potapych Zykov - "the oldest foreman" (mining foreman in charge of mine operations) "at all the Balchug gold mines" of the Urals. He directs the prospecting work at the Fotyanovsk placer, which gave the treasury "more than a hundred pounds of gold." This placer was discovered by Andron Kishkin, "an old office rat" with "small, curious, furtive" eyes. Zykov does not like Kishkin and therefore is not happy when one winter morning he comes to visit him with a "dealer". Kishkin reports that soon the state-owned Kedrovskaya dacha will be opened for general use, and invites Rodion Potapych to look for gold there. A stern old man of a conservative disposition, "a fanatic of state-owned mining", Zykov categorically refuses, and Kishkin leaves with nothing. A poor man, he envies both Zykov and all wealthy workers, considering himself undeservedly deprived and placing all his hopes on the Kedrovskaya dacha.

Rodion Potapych has been a foreman for about forty years. Both he himself and his first wife, who died early, on whom he doted and from whom his eldest son, “dissolute Yasha,” was born, were formerly convicts. He married a second time, this time to the daughter of a convict woman, who bore him four daughters, “but he did not return his happiness, according to the proverb: a dead man does not stand at the gate, but he will take what is his.” After the death of his beloved wife, Rodion Potapych threw himself into work. Only once did he “betray his soul” - when he hid from the “state fiscal” the fact of the widespread theft of gold at the Balchugovsky plant (however, they stole from other state and private mines; there were also gold buyers who had already been identified by a detective, and, if not Zykov, the Balchugovsky plant would have suffered much more severely). By the way, then Kishkin, who was involved in this case, miraculously escaped... When hard labor was abolished, Rodion Potapych, who did not understand freedom, was confused, but “with the establishment of a convivial business in <...> the trades <...> he calmed down.” Trade workers continued to remain in slavery: they had nowhere to go, and had to work under the most unfavorable conditions: “you can’t eat enough and you won’t die of hunger.” Therefore, the opening of the Kedrovskaya state dacha for free labor will change “the entire structure of commercial life,” and no one feels this more than Rodion Potapych Zykov, “this proven commercial wolf.”

And Rodion Potapych is rarely in the family, disappearing at the recently opened Rublikha mine, in the profitability of which he fervently believes. Yes, and in the family he is truly attached only to the youngest daughter Fenya, but with the rest he is cool: he drove all the suitors away from his daughter Marya, he killed his son; the eldest, Tatyana, ran away with the planer worker Mylnikov, making “a misalliance that forever threw the rebellious daughter out of her own family.” Tatyana's husband often drinks, beats his wife and children, especially the restless and unrequited ugly girl Oksya, and life is bad for all of them (mother, Usinya Markovna, secretly helps Tatyana). But Zykov’s favorite Fedosya, to the horror of the family, runs away from home in the absence of her father, like Tatyana, only, unlike her, she does not get married, but goes to Taibola, into a schismatic family, which is considered a grave sin. While the formidable father of the family has not returned from the mines, Fenya’s only brother Yakov and his brother-in-law Mylnikov are trying to settle the matter amicably by returning Fenya home, but neither she nor her husband, Kozhin, “a stout and handsome fellow,” do not want to hear about it.

Zykov is struck like thunder by the news of his daughter's escape, curses her in front of the icon and mourns the death of his first wife, in which, as he thinks, this could not have happened. Rodion Potapych is told by his son-in-law Mylnikov about another misfortune that is about to break out: in his opinion, Kishkin, out of envy of those who have grown rich in the mines, is preparing a denunciation of all the miners on the fact of stealing gold. Zykov listens to his unloved son-in-law with contempt and does not attach much importance to his words. Meanwhile, the chief manager of the Balchug mines, Karachunsky, whom Zykov greatly respects for his intelligence and knowledge of the matter, but condemns for his weakness for the female sex, manages to convince Fenya and Kozhin to ask for forgiveness from the priest. However, Rodion Potapych has already cursed his daughter and does not want to know her - and he decides to send her to be raised by "Baushka Lukerya", the sister of his late wife, a stern old woman of the old school, especially revered by Zykov and close to him in spirit.

Fenya is deceived and taken away to the "baushka". Heeding the old woman’s arguments, the girl returns to Orthodoxy, willingly does all the chores around the house, but does not forget her chosen one. It is bitter that he, too, could have converted to Orthodoxy, if not for his mother, the schismatic of the tough-minded Maremyan; Kozhin, not himself with melancholy, became addicted to drinking: how can I forget Fedosya Rodionovna! Meanwhile, the shy beauty Fenya really liked the manager Karachunsky...

Gold mining is in full swing, and passions boil around gold. Kishkin, Mylnikov and Zykov's son Yakov work with passion at the Kedrovskaya dacha; Mylnikov's daughter Oksya is also involved in the prospecting work: according to a folk legend, an innocent girl will bring good luck to gold seekers. Everyone laughs at the hunted and unrequited Oksya, who, however, turns out to be an indispensable worker, and besides, she is in her own mind: she is in love with the worker Matyushka and, having really attacked a gold mine, secretly from everyone drags gold from there to her dowry and hides it in the office of the unsuspecting Rodion Potapych, who sincerely becomes attached to Oksa and is not even able to be harsh with his granddaughter, realizing that it is not easy for her with a father like Mylnikov. And Kishkin really gives a denunciation to the prosecutor's office, starting a protracted process that distracts Zykov from work: Zykov is the main witness, but he evades testimony, and the case drags on indefinitely, eventually getting bogged down in a bureaucratic routine. In general, Kishkin's revenge falls on the wrong people: most of all goes to the beloved manager Karachunsky.

At this time, the gold buyer, the swindler Yastrebov, gets rich; he becomes a profitable guest, and therefore Grandma Lukerya, in whom greed awakens, allows him to live with her. Baushka Lukerya is now unrecognizable: she also fell ill with gold fever, “went crazy with money,” became greedy, and began building a second hut; her son, with one eye crooked, Pyotr Vasilich, also egged her on. Fenya notices this change in the old woman and goes to Karachunsky, supposedly “to become a maid.” Karachunsky truly loves Fenya and is jealous of Kozhin, but Fenya cannot fall in love a second time, although she does not want to return to Kozhin: “young happiness is torn,” and in Karachunsky she guesses wonderful spiritual qualities and is looking for “that quiet haven to which every woman who has not lost her best feminine instincts strives for.” And Kozhina’s mother Maremyana marries a quiet girl, whom he beats and tortures to death. Having found out about this, Fenya asks Mylnikov to talk some sense into Kozhin. The brother-in-law is ready to help if Fenya begs him from Karachunsky for a good plot of land for mining, but it’s too late: Kozhin’s unfortunate wife is found almost dead, and Kozhin is brought to trial.

And Zykov’s eldest daughter Marya, who has spent too much time “in girls” and is therefore angry, decides to live with Grandma Lukerya instead of Feni and Oxy, who at one time mixed her up: she wants to be closer to Grandma’s money, and then, you see, find a groom... And in in fact, the cunning girl manages to marry the driver Semyonich, a kind and hard-working man six years younger than her; She and her husband “go to Kishkin’s Bogodanka” - a mine opened by the old man, and the daughter of Anna’s married sister Natasha decides to live with Grandmother Lukerya. Meanwhile, Bogodanka brings wealth to old man Kishkin, although he complains that it is too late; he keeps the money in a chest sealed with seven seals - many would like to open it; Grandma Lukerya is friends with Kishkin and gives him money at interest; He has his eye on Natasha and even wants to woo her.

Meanwhile, a series of terrible misfortunes sets in. Under the threat of exposure, saving his honor and the honor of the plant, Karachunsky shot himself (having provided Fenya in advance), and the workers disliked the “new broom”, the manager Onikov, and call him “clean-smelling”: he breaks everything “blank”, without hesitation, reduces the salaries of employees, introduces new rigor; the gold buyer Yastrebov was betrayed to the investigation by the son of grandmother Lukerya Pyotr Vasilyich, deceived by him, for which he was flogged by old people interested in Yastrebov; himself not himself from anger and humiliation, Pyotr Vasilyich set fire to his house, and Lukerya, mad with greed, climbed into the fire for money and died. Pyotr Vasilyich is outlawed. Marya, together with her husband, Natashka and her brother Petrunka, settled on Bogodanka near Kishkin. Natasha, who used to dislike the domineering aunt Marya (even at home "everyone danced to her tune", except her father), is now touched by her care, not even suspecting Marya of selfish intent: to set the girl on the voluptuous Kishkin in order to take possession of his wealth.

And the worker Matyushka, who married Oksa, who is now expecting a child, begins to flirt with Marya and becomes her lover: he wants to get access to Kishkin's money through Marya; and with the help of Kishkin, Marya directs her husband, Semenych, to work on the night shift. She incites the naive Natasha to find and supposedly jokingly hide the key to the coveted Kishkin chest. Natasha likes the idea "to frighten the nasty old man, who again began to look at her with oily eyes."

Tragedy strikes suddenly. One day, around midnight, Semenych is urgently called from work to Bogodanka. He finds Kishkin, Marya, Natasha, and Petrunka killed, and the cash register is empty. At first they think that this is the work of Pyotr Vasilich, who went “out of desperation,” but later his corpse is found. The investigation is at a loss until Matyushka admits to Rodion Potapych that he himself “decided” on everyone: Pyotr Vasilich was an accomplice who interfered with him, who incited him to commit a crime and wanted to run away with the money. Oksya died from childbirth and before her death she said that she knew everything and that she was dying for Matyushka’s guilt; Exhausted by remorse and reproach from Oxy, he decided to give up. Rodion Potapych, already a little out of his mind from all the events, after Matyushka’s confession, his mind is completely damaged and floods the Rublikha mine, where he has been working passionately and desperately lately...

The ruble has been destroyed, the dam at Balchugovka has been washed away by spring water, "and this is in a place where, with proper management, a hundred thousand people and a dozen such companies could prosper." Zykov really goes crazy, "delusions about hard labor" and walks around the Balchug factory, surrounded by a crowd of children, together with the local executioner Nikitushka, "giving menacing orders." Fenya leaves for Siberia "for a party of prisoners, in which Kozhin was also sent: he was sentenced to hard labor. Yastrebov also left in the same party." Matyushka hanged himself in prison.

Author of the retelling: A. D. Plisetskaya

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