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Brief summary of works of Russian literature of the 1783th century. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky 1852-XNUMX

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky 1783 - 1852

Twelve sleeping maidens. An ancient story in two ballads (part 1 - 1810; part 2 - 1814 - 1817)

The mysterious narrative is preceded by an appeal to Dream, “the airy friend of young days,” whose presence promises a sweet memory.

Ballad one. GROMOBOY

In ancient times, Thunderbolt sat spinning over the foamy Dnieper. He curses his sad lot, a poor and homeless life, with which he is ready to settle scores. But Asmodeus appears to him in the form of a stern old man, promising wealth, fun, friendship of princes and affection of maidens. In return, he demands a soul. He convinces Thunderbolt that hell is not scary at all (“Our hell is no worse than heaven”), and he is waiting for Thunderbolt in any case - sooner or later. Having thought it over, he signs the contract, receives a wallet with untranslatable gold in it and ten years of carefree life. “And Thunderbolt came out among the people”: wealth, prosperity, luck - everything was with him. He kidnaps twelve virgins, not embarrassed by their pleas, and they give birth to twelve daughters. But Thunderbolt is unfamiliar with fatherly feelings, and the daughters grow up within the walls of the monastery, abandoned by the cares of their father. Together with their tender mothers, they pray for the salvation of their souls and for forgiveness from Thunderbolt. But the years pass quickly, and the last day of the comfortable life granted by Thunderbolt comes. Overcome by melancholy, he seeks salvation from the Icon of the Savior, but there is no faith in his soul, and, calling his daughters, he wants to buy his forgiveness with their innocent prayer. And the daughters meekly pray for him, but as night falls they fall asleep.

In the dead of midnight, when all of nature seemed to threaten Thunderbolt, the demon appears and, no matter how much the unfortunate man begs for a reprieve, intends to tear out his soul and cast it into hell. the horrors of which are now useless to hide. But the sight of sleeping babies inflames the demon with a new idea, and he offers Thunderbolt to buy another ten years of life with his daughter souls. Frightened by the abysses that have opened up to him, Thunderbolt wakes up the children, writes them with his hands - and receives a reprieve. But, having destroyed his daughters, he is disgusted with life, there is no joy or consolation in it, only one sad expectation of the end. And the sight of blooming children instills terrible torment in his soul. Gromoboy, whose whole hope is now in repentance, opens the doors of the house to the poor, orphans and widows, builds a temple, calls on the master to paint the icons, and in one of them the saint looks with love at Gromoboy and his daughters praying. Thunderbolt, weighed down with chains, prays before that icon.

But time flies, and a terrible deadline is approaching. Broken by illness, Thunderbolt is no longer able to visit the temple and only raises his gaze to heaven, filled with meekness and supplication. And now the terrible day has come, and the suffering sinner meets it “with groans and tears,” surrounded by praying daughters who do not know their lot. With the onset of night, the “frightened” nature subsides. And suddenly a quiet breeze blows, God’s temple opens, and, surrounded by radiance, the wondrous old man approaches Thunderbolt and the maidens. He touches them with the bottom of their clothes, and the virgins fall into sleep. Stricken with horror, Thunderbolt meets his gaze, full of reproach, asks who he is and what to expect, and the elder replies that they honored his face in the temple, and Thunderbolt should be hoped and feared. Midnight comes with the thunderstorm, and the demon appears in the flames and crackling. However, the sight of the old man confuses him, he demands his prey, but an avenging angel appears on high and declares the will of the creator: until the one who is pure in soul is inflamed with love for one of the virgins, without seeing her, and comes to take her sisters from her spell, they will sleep soundly, and the soul of their father is condemned to languish in a rejected grave, awaiting redemption and the awakening of his children.

When morning comes, the sleeping maidens and the deceased Thunderbolt are found. And when, after the burial, the mourners head to the “house of sorrow”, granite walls suddenly appear before them, covered with forest, the gates on the gates fall with a grinding sound, and, terrified, they flee. Soon the surrounding places fall into desolation, both people and animals abandon them. And every midnight a shadow emerges from a lonely grave and stretches out its hands in prayer to the impregnable walls, and one of the sleeping ones gets up and walks around the high wall, turning its gaze into the distance, full of melancholy and expectation (“The savior is not coming, the savior is not coming!”). And with the new moon the maiden is replaced. And so the centuries pass, and the period of redemption is unknown.

Ballad two. VADIM

The beautiful young man Vadim, captivating Novgorod with his beauty and courage, spends his time hunting, undaunted by either wild animals or bad weather. One day he sees a dream, the meaning of which is unclear to him: a wonderful man, dressed in light robes, with a cross shining on his chest, walks without touching the ground, holding a silver bell in his hand. He foretells Vadim “what he desires in the distance” and is called his guide. At the same moment, Vadim sees a maiden, whose features are hidden by a veil, and on her brow lies a fragrant wreath. She beckons him towards her. And the awakened Vadim still hears the ringing of the bell. There is a familiar picture around: the rolling waters of the Volkhov, a wide meadow, hills, and in the heights something rings and falls silent. Three times in a row he sees the same dream and, unable to resist the urge, says goodbye to his parents and mounts his horse. At a crossroads, he gives free rein to his horse, and it gallops straight to the south, without discerning the path.

Days pass by days, Vadim receives a warm welcome everywhere; when he has to spend the night in a field or in a forest, he is not disturbed by either a wild animal or a snake. Vadim reaches the wide Dnieper and, with the flashes of a beginning thunderstorm, enters a dense forest. He has to cut his way with the sword, moving further and further into the bowl. Suddenly he hears screams - plaintive, pleading and ferocious, wild. He rushes forward and, having reached the clearing, sees a mighty giant with a beauty in his arms. Swinging his sword, he cuts off the hand with a terrible club raised at him. The defeated enemy dies, and Vadim hurries to the captive. She turns out to be the daughter of the Kyiv prince, for whom the Lithuanian prince ("Enemy of the Orthodox Church") was inflamed with passion and sent a messenger to kidnap her. He hid in the wilds for a long time, waiting, and now, when the princess and her friends were picking flowers, he grabbed her and dragged her into the forest. Vadim, having placed the girl behind him on a horse, rides from the clearing into the wilds, and then an unprecedented thunderstorm breaks out, trees collapse, the wind howls, and the distraught Vadim does not see shelter anywhere. But in the light of a spruce ignited by lightning, he notices a mossy cave and heads towards it. There, having lit a fire and folded his chain mail, he squeezes the moisture out of the princess’s golden curls and warms her trembling breasts with his breath.

The beautiful princess kindles Vadim's feelings, and he is already imprinting her hot kiss on his lips, when he suddenly hears a familiar ringing in the distance. And he imagines someone’s invisible flight, someone’s sad sigh. The princess falls asleep in his arms and wakes up in the morning, and they head to Kyiv. There on the porch stands the prince, overcome by sadness, who has equipped a squad in pursuit of the adversary and promises the deliverer his throne and his daughter’s hand. But then Vadim appears with the princess, and the jubilant prince rewards him.

When in the evening everyone is having fun at the princely feast, Vadim, disturbed by the unceasing ringing, goes to the Dnieper, sees a boat with a sail, with an oar rowing, but empty (“Vadim to him <...> To Vadim he...”). The boat carries him faster and faster, there is silence all around, rocks are approaching, the black forest is reflected in the waves, the moon is fading - and the boat sticks to the shore. Vadim goes out and, drawn by an unclear force, climbs the steep cliffs. In front of him is a dead forest overgrown with moss (“And, it seems, there has been no life in that country for centuries”); when the moon comes out, he sees an ancient temple on a hill, collapsed fences, fallen pillars, gaping vaults and a gravestone with a lopsided cross. An awakened raven flies off from it, and a ghost rises from the grave, goes to the temple, knocks. But the door doesn't open. And the ghost walks further between the rubble. Vadim follows him, overcome with fear, and sees a silent castle behind the jagged fence. Some kind of vague expectation fills the knight. Fog flies off the moon, the forest silvers, a breeze blows from the east, and suddenly a familiar ringing is heard from behind the wall. Vadim sees a maiden walking along the wall, hidden by a foggy veil, and another one coming towards them, they get closer, shake hands with each other, and one goes down to the castle, while the other continues her way, gazing into the distance, full of expectation. And suddenly, in the light of the rising sun, she sees the knight - and the veil flies off her forehead, and the gate dissolves. They strive for each other. “We agreed... oh prophetic, sure dream!” Awakened maidens come from the tower. The gospel is sounded, the temple is open, prayers can be heard there. Vadim and the maiden are at the royal doors, suddenly the wedding hymn sounds, and there are candles in their hands, their heads under the crowns. A quiet voice calls them tenderly, and here they are in front of the grave, it is bright, in. flowers, and her cross is entwined with a lily. And after centuries, when both the castle and the monastery were all hidden, in that place there was a green lush forest and a sweet whisper of the wind. Where the ashes of the nuns who died at the tomb of their father are hidden, in the morning bright hour “Mysteries and miracles happen”: a choir of hermits is heard, the cross shines and, crowned with stars, praying virgins appear.

Author of the retelling: E. V. Kharitonova

<< Back: Vasily Trofimovich Narezhny 1780-1825 (Russian Gilblaz, or The Adventures of Prince Gavrila Simonovich Chistyakov. Novel (1812, publ. Parts 1 - 3 - 1814; Parts 4 - 6 - 1938). Two Ivans, or Passion for Litigation. Novel (1825))

>> Forward: Mikhail Nikolaevich Zagoskin 1789-1852 (Yuri Miloslavsky, or Russians in 1612. Roman (1829). Roslavlev, or Russians in 1812. Roman (1831))

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