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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common ginseng (true ginseng). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common ginseng (true ginseng), Panax ginseng. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: panax Family: Araliaceae (Araliaceae) Origin: Panax ginseng originates from Northeast Asia, mainly from China and Korea. Area: It grows in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in eastern Asia. Chemical composition: Ginseng root contains glycosides, essential oils, polysaccharides, phytohormones and trace elements. Economic value: Ginseng has many medicinal properties and is widely used in medicine to improve memory, strengthen immunity, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and as an adaptogen to combat stress and fatigue. In addition, ginseng is used as a food additive and in the cosmetics industry. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Chinese mythology, ginseng was considered the plant of immortality and was used by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who reigned from 221-210 BC, to prolong his life. In Chinese medicine, ginseng has been used to treat various ailments, including heart and respiratory problems, and was considered one of the most effective tonics. Ginseng can be used as a symbol of health, longevity and wealth, as it was known as the plant of immortality and was highly valued in Chinese culture. It can also be used as a symbol of mental and physical strength, as it is considered one of the most effective tonics for the body. Ginseng can also be used as a symbol of wisdom and spiritual development, as it has been important in Chinese philosophy and culture. In general, Panax ginseng can be used as a symbol of health,
Common ginseng (true ginseng), Panax ginseng. Description, illustrations of the plant Ginseng ordinary. Legends, myths, history
The scientific name "panacea" - that is, "the cure for all diseases." In Chinese, the word "ginseng" hints at the similarity of the root of this plant with a human figure (Chinese zhen - man, shen - root). By the way, in European culture, a mandrake was a similar plant. In the East, ginseng is called the salt of the earth or the spirit of the earth, a miracle of nature, a gift from the gods, a divine herb, but most often it is the root of life. According to Chinese legend, ginseng was born at the site of a lightning strike, absorbing the power of heavenly fire, which is why in China this plant is also called "lightning root". The ancient Chinese valued ginseng worth its weight in gold. They believed that during flowering, the plant glows with a magical light, and if at this time its healing, glowing in the dark root is obtained, then they can not only cure all the ailments of the sick, but also resurrect the dead. However, it is extremely difficult to get blooming ginseng, because according to legend, it is guarded by a dragon and a tiger. Ginseng lived in China - a root that has the powerful power of turning into animals and humans. People at that time did not yet know about its existence. But the great prophet and philosopher Lao Tzu discovered its healing power and gave people his signs. Fleeing from anxiety, ginseng fled to the north, but could not hide here either. Another scientist, Lao-Han-Wang, re-discovered his location with his healing herbs. "A long time ago, no one remembers when, two ancient Chinese families Xi Liadnji and Liang Xer lived next door. The fearless warrior named Ginseng was famous in the Xi Liangji family. He was brave and kind, protected the weak, helped the poor. These qualities passed to him from his ancestors, who descended from the king of forest animals - the tiger. Warrior Song Shiho - a representative of the Liang Seer clan - unlike Ginseng, was insidious, evil, cruel and rude, but very handsome and stately. One day a terrible monster attacked the country - a yellow dragon. All the men rose to fight the monster, and only Song Shiho went over to the camp of the enemy and became the yellow dragon's faithful assistant. Ginseng, on the other hand, volunteered to fight the dragon one on one. Desperately fought with the dragon Ginseng. The monster spewed flames at him, scratched him with claws, but Ginseng survived. And not only survived, but also threw the enemy to the ground. And the traitor Song Shiho Ginseng captured and tied to a rock, so that later he would be judged by the court of the people. But the captured Song Shiho was seen by Ginseng's sister, the beautiful Liu La, and fell in love at first sight. At night, she crept up to the rock, cut the rope that the captive was tied to, helped deceive the vigilant guards, and rode away with Song Shiho. Ginseng rushed in pursuit of the fugitives and overtook them. Nearer and nearer came the sound of his horse's hooves. And now Liu La, in fright, hid behind a rock, and the soldiers, dismounting, began the duel. They fought for a long time, but Ginseng was a more experienced and courageous warrior: he began to win. Here he raised his sword for the last fatal blow. Liu La screamed in horror. Ginseng shuddered (after all, his sister was screaming), looked around and then received a treacherous blow in the back. Song Shiho was ready to celebrate victory, but, mortally wounded, Ginseng straightened up and plunged his sword into the chest of the traitor up to the hilt. And then life left him. Liu La bitterly mourned the death of her brother and beloved. Then she gathered her strength and buried them, but did not leave this terrible place, but spent the night nearby. And the next morning, at the burial place of Ginseng, she saw a plant that had never been seen before, which grew there overnight (the plant grew only on the grave of the hero Ginseng, the grave of the traitor Song Shiho was overgrown with grass). Since then, people have called this amazing plant ginseng, in memory of the hero from the Xi Liangji family. An ancient legend tells that ginseng has an extraordinary power: a wonderful plant can turn not only into forest animals, for example, into a tiger, but even into a person. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Ginseng. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Herbaceous perennial, sometimes reaching the age of 100 years or more, from the Araliaceae family. The stem of old plants reaches a height of 70 cm and carries a whorl of 4-5 leaves at the top. Blooms in July; fruits - bright red juicy berries, almost spherical, laterally compressed, slightly flattened from above, with 2 flat seeds, ripen in August - September. In the wild state, the plant is sparsely found in shady cedar-broad-leaved and cedar-spruce-broad-leaved forests of the Manchurian type. A state plantation of cultivated ginseng has been established near Vladivostok. It is intensively introduced into industrial culture and bred by amateur seine breeders in many parts of the country, including Ukraine. It has been used and valued since time immemorial as a medicinal plant. In Chinese, "ginseng" means "root man". The name is given by the similarity of the root of the plant with the figure of a man. The root neck, densely covered with scars from fallen stems, expands at the top and forms the so-called head. A spindle-shaped main root - the "body" - departs from the neck. In the lower part, the root branches into two processes, forming "legs"; 2-3 branches growing away from the "body" form "arms" at the top. The more the root looked like a human figure, the more it was valued. Due to the lack of raw materials (the plant is listed in the International Red Book, under culture conditions, the collection of roots is carried out in the sixth - eighth year of cultivation) and due to the great need for it, biotechnology has been established for the industrial culture of root tissues from individual cells. Chemically, the plant is still insufficiently studied, although its composition has been studied for a long time. Six triterpene saponins, called panaxosides, small amounts of essential oil, resins, starch, vitamins B1, B2, C, phosphorus compounds, minerals - salts of manganese, iron, potassium, calcium were found in the root. Grass and fruit pulp also contain saponins. For medicinal purposes, the root and, in rare cases, the seeds are used. Ginseng root is extremely popular in Chinese medicine and has been used for centuries in all countries of the Far East, Indochina, Indonesia. The root was attributed an all-healing value and was used for long-term and debilitating illnesses, accompanied by a breakdown and exhaustion. Ginseng root and its preparations are approved for use in pharmacology. The root has been found to have stimulating properties in physical and mental fatigue. It is also used after serious illnesses, with hypotension, impotence, neurasthenia, myasthenia gravis, it somewhat lowers the amount of sugar in the blood and urine in diabetes mellitus, and has antidiuretic properties. Animal experiments have confirmed gonadotrophic and adaptogenic effects. The total preparation (root tincture) in pharmacological experiments turned out to be more active than individual saponins or their mixture. In the past, ginseng, as a universal remedy, was added in one dose or another to almost all medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis, heart disease, rheumatism, skin diseases, bleeding, female diseases, etc. But mainly it was recommended for restoring strength, youth and vigor not only sick, but also healthy, starting from the age of 40. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Common ginseng (true ginseng), Panax ginseng. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
Ginseng means "root man" in Chinese. The Latin name of the genus Panax comes from the name of Panacea - the "all-healing" daughter of the doctor-god Asclepius. Perennial herbaceous plant with a single stem, up to 60 cm high. Plants with 2-5 stems are less common. A characteristic feature of ginseng is its root. It is rod-like, fusiform, branching, root length up to 25 cm, thickness 0,7-2,5 cm, with 2-5 large branches (rarely without them), longitudinally or spirally wrinkled, fragile, even at the break. The "body" of the root is thickened, almost cylindrical, with clearly expressed annular thickenings at the top. At the top it forms a "head", which is an extended stem residue and an apical bud (sometimes 2 or 3 buds). In the upper part there is also a narrowed transversely wrinkled rhizome - the "neck". One or more adventitious roots sometimes depart from the "neck". "Neck" and "head" may be missing. The color of the roots outside and on the cut is yellowish-white, on a fresh fracture it is white. The leaves are palmately compound, on long petioles, forming a whorl (rosette) at the top of the stem. The flowers are small, white or pink, greenish, remotely resembling stars, self-pollinating, fragrant, collected 8-10 in a simple umbrella on a flower arrow starting in the center of the leaf whorl. The fruits of the plant are bright red, fleshy, with 1-3 seeds. The fruits of common ginseng ripen in August-September. The pulp of the fruit is poisonous. Common ginseng grows almost exclusively within the Russian Federation, in the Russian Far East - in the south of the Khabarovsk Territory and in the Primorsky Territory. Very rarely, this plant can be found in a small mountainous area in the north of the Korean Peninsula and in three provinces of Northeast China. Ginseng has become widely cultivated. Cultivated ginseng is called "insam" from the Korean name for ginseng. Korea is the first country to establish mass cultivation of ginseng. Ginseng is also cultivated in Russia (Primorsky Territory), North and South Korea, China, Japan, USA, Canada, Vietnam. There are 15 varieties of ginseng in China. The main producer of cultivated ginseng is South Korea, followed by Australia and the United States. Common ginseng is associated with cedar-broad-leaved, rarely broad-leaved forests of the Far East, where it occurs in association with Korean cedar, Manchurian walnut, Amur linden, maakia and other broad-leaved species, sometimes spruce and fir at altitudes up to 700 m above sea level. It occupies mainly the western macroslopes. Can grow in oak and hornbeam complexes. A plant of dense forests, ginseng is extremely shade-tolerant and shade-loving, does not tolerate direct sunlight. Ginseng is listed in the Red Book of Russia. Another type of ginseng - Panax zingiberensis, which grows in the Chinese province of Yunnan, is listed in the International Red Book. Other species are also protected at regional levels, as uncontrolled use threatens their extinction. Ginseng contains triterpene saponins - panaxosides, traces of essential oils, fatty oils, resins, pectin substances, as well as starch, enzymes, B vitamins, microelements, fatty acids, macroelements and other biologically active substances.
Ginseng root contains:
The study of the distribution of five trace elements (copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese and zinc) in ginseng roots showed a clear increase in their content by the end of the growing season. All organs of ginseng in its unprocessed form are inedible, and its berries (not counting the seeds) are poisonous. Ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant. It is mainly used as an adaptogen and as a general tonic. In Korea and China, ginseng root is also used in cooking. Traditional Chinese medicine claims that ginseng preparations prolong life and youth. Pharmacological activity is due to the content of saponin glycosides-ginsenosides (panaxosides A and B, panaquilon, panaxin), essential and fatty oils, sterols, peptides, vitamins and minerals. Ginseng ordinary has cardiotonic, hemostatic and hypoglycemic properties. Common ginseng root is used as a tonic, stimulant and adaptogenic agent that increases the body's overall resistance to disease. Ginseng ordinary stimulates the activity of the organs of internal secretion, and also increases the body's resistance to infections and ionizing radiation. According to the ATC classification, it belongs to general tonic drugs (group A13A). For medicinal purposes, common ginseng root (Radix Ginseng) is used. The roots of ginseng five-leaf (Panax quinquefolium) and creeping ginseng (Panax repens) are also used. These are plants collected in the fall, not earlier than in the fifth year of life, freed from above-ground parts and carefully cleaned from the ground, but not washed with water, fresh or dried roots of cultivated ginseng. Wild ginseng is harvested in very limited quantities. Shelf life of raw materials is 5 years. In the second half of the XNUMXth century, using biotechnological methods, it was possible to obtain in vitro biomass from a cell culture of ginseng root tissues that is similar in composition, organoleptic and pharmacological properties to natural raw materials. This made ginseng more accessible for medicine and cosmetics. Ginseng roots are produced mainly in the following forms:
All organs of ginseng (roots, leaves, flowers, stems) should not be eaten fresh. The pulp of ginseng fruit is poisonous. Ginseng preparations are contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to their components, with arterial hypertension, irritability, insomnia, bleeding, febrile syndrome against the background of acute infectious diseases. Restriction for use is also children's age, pregnancy, lactation. In these cases, you need to consult a doctor. The exception is ginseng processed using low-temperature technology (28°C) - it has a mild but broad effect on the body, and has virtually no contraindications. The conditions of the middle lane are suitable for growing ginseng - it is not very whimsical. In the conditions of the garden, it will be enough for him to timely moisten the soil, good drainage, protection from direct sunlight with the help of special lattice structures.
Ginseng, Panax ginseng CA mey. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Perennial herbaceous plant of the Araliaceae family (Araliaceae) with a taproot fleshy root up to 20-25 cm long, 2-2,5 cm in diameter. The stem is solitary, 30-70 cm high, straight, thin, ending in a whorl of long-petioled serrate-three to five-parted leaves. The flowers are inconspicuous, white or pink, collected in a simple umbrella. The fruit is a bright red berry. Blossoms in July, fruits ripen in August-September. Range and habitats. Panax zingiberensis, which grows in the Chinese province of Yunnan, is listed in the International Red Book, other species are also protected at the regional level, as uncontrolled use threatens the extinction of populations. However, ginseng has become widely cultivated. Cultivated ginseng is called "insam" from the Korean name for ginseng. Korea is the first country to establish mass cultivation of ginseng. Ginseng is cultivated in Russia (Primorsky Territory), North and South Korea, China, Japan, USA, Canada, Vietnam. There are 15 varieties of ginseng in China. The main producer of cultivated ginseng is South Korea, followed by Australia and the United States. Chemical composition. From the ginseng root are isolated: panax-saponin; panaquillone of unknown composition; essential oil of panacea, which includes sesquiterpenes; panaxic acid, consisting of a mixture of fatty acids - palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic; ginsenin, phytosterol, mucus, resins, enzymes, vitamins B1 and B2; cane sugar; a small amount of alkaloids of unknown composition; iron, manganese, aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon. Application in medicine. For medical purposes, common ginseng root (Panax ginseng) is used - lat. Radix Ginseng. The roots of ginseng five-leaf (Panax quinquefolium) and creeping ginseng (Panax repens) are also used. These are plants collected in the fall, not earlier than in the fifth year of life, freed from above-ground parts and carefully cleaned from the ground, but not washed with water, fresh or dried roots of cultivated ginseng. Wild ginseng is harvested in very limited quantities. Shelf life of raw materials is 5 years. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) tones the lymphatic vessels, as it protects and strengthens their endothelium. Clinical trials have shown that preparations based on this plant stimulate lymphatic drainage so well that swelling of the lower extremities subsides within 2-4 hours after ingestion. It is assumed that ginseng has an adaptogenic, antiemetic, general tonic effect, stimulates appetite. According to the ATC classification, it belongs to general tonic drugs (group A13A). Ginseng is prescribed for adults as a stimulant for various neuroses, arterial hypotension, etc. It is also used to prevent colds. However, a meta-analysis of the use of a ginseng preparation for the prevention of colds showed inconsistent results with a large number of problems, including the manipulation of analyzes to achieve statistically significant results. The use of ginseng is dangerous for patients with diabetes. Ginseng preparations are contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to their components, with arterial hypertension, irritability, insomnia, bleeding, febrile syndrome against the background of acute infectious diseases. Restriction for use is also children's age, pregnancy, lactation. In these cases, you need to consult a doctor. Ginseng reduces the therapeutic effect of drugs for the treatment of heart failure (including digoxin). In China, ginseng is used in the form of powders, pills, tinctures, decoctions, extracts, ointments, and also in the form of a tea called jeng-pen-cha. The powder is prepared from the dry root. Ginseng powder is used for pills. As a filler, honey, nut butter and lotus flour are used. The tincture is prepared with 50-60% alcohol in a ratio of 1:10. Ginseng tea is prepared from a powder (in a ratio of 1:10), which is brewed and taken one teaspoon per day. To prepare a decoction, the ginseng root is crushed, poured with water and boiled until the liquid boils away up to 50% of the original volume. Ginseng ointment is prepared from powder. The basis is turtle fat with the addition of musk. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Ginseng. Interesting plant facts
“Having reached the place, the old man knelt down, put his hands together with his palms, put them to his forehead and bowed to the ground twice. He said something to himself, probably prayed. Then he got up, again put his hands to his head and after that began At that time, a young Chinese man hung red rags with hieroglyphic letters on a tree. Ginseng! So that's what he is! There is no other plant anywhere on earth around which so many legends and tales would be grouped ... I knelt down to take a closer look at it. The old man explained it in his own way: he thought I was praying. From that moment on, I completely disposed of him in my favor. This is how the remarkable Russian writer and traveler Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev spoke about his encounter with ginseng in his book "In the wilds of the Ussuri region". Ginseng in Chinese means "man-root": "zhen" - a man, and "shen" - a root, in configuration the root really resembles a human figure. Look closely - the root arrow has a wrinkled thickening, as if an senile head, from which a yellowish taproot - torso. On it, lateral crusts, densely overgrown with thin roots, are intricately curved, as if arms and legs. By a strange whim of nature, there are usually four of them. Inveterate root growers claim that in the upper wrinkled part of the root one can even see the "outlines of the face", "mouth", "nose", but with all my imagination I did not see these details. In search of the healing root of panzuy (as the Chinese call ginseng), the pickers were in the taiga from mid-August until frost, holding a long, skinned stick of maple or hazel sabergun in their hands. They all believed that ginseng was given only to pure people, listened attentively to the mysterious lamentations of the small bird kongulchu, which, with plaintive cries: kong-gul ... kong-gul .., tried to drive the searchers away from the location of the healing root of life. But the bird was mistaken, its crying did not scare away, but, on the contrary, attracted search engines - it loved kongulcha ginseng too much and always settled where it grows. Having found the ginseng, the picker respectfully knelt down and affectionately spoke to the plant with prayers and incantations: “Don’t leave me, pantz!” the picker said. “I came here with an open heart and good thoughts. Let me touch you with clean hands, not stained by anything.” thin. Let heaven testify that I lived honestly, never committing a sin. My love for my neighbor knows no bounds. After making sure that the prayers were accepted, he raked leaves and grass near the stem, took out a special bone stick and began to carefully dig out the root. Having dug up the root, he immediately laid it in wet moss so that it would last longer. And he scattered the seeds of the plant around for a new harvest. According to tradition, ginseng was dug up only in the evening before sunset, so that the root was less exposed to the sun. It was only possible to dig up mature roots of ten years of age, because only from the age of ten was the root considered curative. Bearing in mind that ginseng propagates by seeds, the collection of the root began in August, when its seeds were already ripe and falling off. The older the root, the more healing it was considered. The most expensive was and is still considered in China ginseng, found in the Ussuri taiga in 1905 in the south of Primorye. According to assumptions, this root lived in the earth for two hundred years. It weighed six hundred grams and was sold in Shanghai for five thousand dollars. For half a year, dozens of merchants were hunting for him, who, without hesitation, would willingly double the price for this rarest specimen. Oriental medicine, practicing ginseng for thousands of years, ascribes to it an all-healing magical power. For many centuries in China, Korea, Japan, Indochina and Tajikistan, it is believed that ginseng root preparations can instill strength and vigor in a person, prolong youth and life. In the "Canon of Medicine" by the outstanding Tajik scientist of the tenth century, Abu-Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), there is a description of the medicinal properties of ginseng. However, this was only the first attempt to characterize the mysterious plant. Ginseng came to Russia in 1678, it was brought by the botanist N. G. Spafari, who also published a detailed description of this plant. And the scientific name panax was given to it by the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus (from the Greek words "pan" - "all" and "akos" - "healing"). However, the then Russian medicine did not recognize ginseng for a long time, until it was convinced that it was a unique tool for maintaining health. It is not for nothing that ginseng is called a panacea for all diseases. Its roots contain vitamins, essential and fatty oils, enzymes and glycosides that are important for human health. Ginseng came to Western Europe in 1714, it was brought and described by the French missionary Jartou. However, the Catholic Church was distrustful of the "pagan prejudices" of the East and anathematized ginseng. The first chemical studies of wild ginseng were made in 1906 by the Russian scientist M. Ya. Golyavko.
"The king of forest animals is a tiger, the king of sea animals is a dragon, and the king of forest plants is armor," says an ancient oriental saying. The magical root of life has numerous affectionate names. It is called both "divine grass", and "gift of immortality", and "salt of the earth", and "wonder of the world", and all these names speak of its healing properties. Ginseng grows in cedar forests, where there are a lot of linden and little birch, in diffused light, and does not like the bright sun very much. He also has enough of that diffused daylight that penetrates through the dense plexus of leaves. He never settles in valleys and other open places where the air temperature often changes and where icy winds blow in winter. Avoiding dampness, ginseng at the same time does not tolerate arid places, choosing deep valleys and gorges, protected by an almost impenetrable forest wall. However, it is not friends with every forest, but only with cedar or mixed, where coniferous and deciduous species are equally divided ... It almost does not grow in fir forests, and if it appears, then only where cedar is found. Ginseng is very gentle and whimsical. It can be spoiled by wind, and rain, and a fallen twig, and even an ant. Then the ginseng falls asleep, stops its growth and sometimes sleeps for six or ten years, until the caring hand of the seeker releases it from the burden and wakes it up from hibernation. Sometimes he wakes up on his own. Rooters learned the truth long ago: ginseng seeds germinate when they are covered with fallen leaves twice, because only a double layer of fallen leaves maintains the moisture necessary for seeds. The umbrella inflorescence of ginseng consists of small greenish flowers. And in September bright red berries ripen. In the Far East, ginseng is harvested at this time, the plant is then most noticeable, and it is easy to distinguish it among the grassy vegetation. In addition, when the fruits ripen, the ginseng root contains the maximum amount of healing substances. Later, the aerial part of the plant dies off until next spring. The legend of ginseng says: "A long time ago, no one remembers when, two ancient Chinese families Xi Lianji and Liang Seer lived next door. A fearless warrior named Ginseng was famous in the Xi Lianji family. He was brave and kind, protected the weak, helped These spiritual qualities passed to him from ancestors who descended from the king of the forest animals of the titra.Warrior Song Shiho - a representative of the Liang Seer clan, unlike Ginseng, was insidious, evil, cruel and rude, but he was handsome and stately. Warriors often met, and perhaps their qualities of kindness and evil would never have manifested themselves, but a terrible monster attacked the country - a yellow dragon. All the men rose to fight the monster, and only Song Shiho went over to the camp of the enemy and became the yellow dragon's faithful assistant. Desperately fought with the dragon Ginseng. The monster spewed flames at the hero, scratched him with its claws, but Ginseng survived. And not only survived, but also plunged the enemy into zepupo. And the traitor Song Shiho took prisoner and tied to a rock to be judged by the court of the people. The captive Song Shiho was seen by Ginseng's sister, the beautiful Liu La, and fell in love at first sight. At night, she cut the rope binding the prisoner, helped deceive the vigilant guards, and rode off with Song Shiho into the dead of night. Ginseng rushed in pursuit of the fugitives. Closer and closer the clatter of his horse's hooves. Liu La, frightened, hid behind a rock, and the warriors, dismounting, began the duel. They fought for a long time, and, finally, Ginseng contrived to inflict a mortal blow on the enemy. Liu La screamed in horror. Ginseng shuddered, looked around and immediately received a treacherous blow to the back. Song Shiho was ready to celebrate victory, but, mortally wounded, Ginseng straightened up and plunged the sword into the traitor's chest up to the hilt. Liu La bitterly mourned the death of her brother. And in the morning, at the place of his burial, she met an unprecedented plant, which the Chinese called ginseng in honor of the protector... Another legend says that ginseng is born from lightning. If lightning strikes into the pure mirror water of a mountain spring, then the source will go underground and in its place a root of life will grow, which conceals the power of heavenly fire. They say that on one of the nights during its flowering, this root glows with an extraordinary fire, and if you dig it out that night, then such a luminous root can not only heal a person, but also resurrect the dead. However, it is very difficult to get a luminous armor, as it is guarded by a dragon and a tiger. And you need to have incredible courage to approach the root. There is a legend about how ginseng, which has supernatural powers, turns into a forest animal and even into a man. There are so many legends about the wild root that, put together, they could make up a separate book. Ginseng slowly accumulates strength, and the older the root, the higher its price. The rooter, having discovered a precious find, before wrapping it in wet moss and carefully placing it in a birch bark box, will certainly count the transverse wrinkles on the top of the root: how many wrinkles - how many years the root has. And wrinkles are formed from the amazing ability of the root to burrow into the ground on its own, protecting itself from the cold. During the summer, it grows, and before winter, when the stem and leaves die, it shrinks and draws into the soil, as it were: this is how a transverse wrinkle appears - a yearly trace. Author: Krasikov S.
Ginseng. Legends, the birthplace of the plant, the history of distribution
The peoples of the Far East have a proverb: "The king of animals is the tiger, the king of plants is ginseng." But if the tiger really looks like the king of beasts - beautiful and powerful, then the king of plants is rather nondescript. It has neither bright fragrant flowers nor luxurious leaves. A thin stem, a few leaves and fruits - small tasteless berries. Only the root, resembling a human figure, dense and large. This root glorified the plant. In former times, many people wandered through the Far Eastern taiga, trying to find the ginseng root. But luck awaited only a few. You could search for the root all your life, but never find it. It is too rare in nature. Not without reason, in the eastern bazaars, ginseng root was worth its weight in gold, and sometimes cost more. It happened that people died in the taiga from hunger and disease, from the teeth and claws of predatory animals, from the bullets of bandits who tried to get the precious root in an easy way. It was not considered precious by chance. Legends have been told about him for centuries. It was said that with a medicine prepared from the root, any disease can be cured and even a long-gone youth can be restored. Of course, there was a lot of fiction in the legends. But there was also a lot of truth in them. Ginseng medicine, as scientists have proven, really has great healing power: it helps weakened people recover, cures many nervous diseases, and improves heart function. And yet how many people will benefit from ginseng if it is so hard to find? Scientists thought: is it possible to grow ginseng in the fields? It was not so easy to carry out the plan. Ginseng turned out to be an unusually capricious plant. He stubbornly did not want to move to the fields. Many years passed before people unraveled the secrets of ginseng. It turned out that his crops are afraid of bright sunlight - after all, the plant is used to the taiga twilight. I had to install wooden canopy shields on the field, they created a saving shadow for the sissies. Scientists have worked hard to figure out which soil composition is most beneficial for the king of plants. And then the ginseng began to grow in the fields, and so well that its roots grew much faster than that of a wild plant. Now you don't have to go to the taiga for the "root of life" - there are special ginseng plantations in the Far East, the Caucasus and Belarus. And the wonderful roots grown there have already helped many people get rid of the disease. Author: Osipov N.F.
Ginseng. reference Information
In oriental medicine, ginseng has been used for at least four thousand years. The first written information in Europe about ginseng dates back to 1675 (it was mentioned in his description of China by the Russian envoy N. G. Spafariy) and 1714 (an essay on ginseng by the French missionary Jartou). An oriental legend tells that ginseng appeared from a lightning strike into the clear water of a mountain spring. The source went into the ground, and in its place grew the root of life - ginseng, harboring the power of heavenly fire, which averts fear and death from a person. This plant is a relic, a living monument of nature, which miraculously managed to survive from the tertiary flora. Botanists attributed it to the Araliaceae family - an ancient group of plants common in the tropics and subtropics and penetrating into the pre-ocean region of the temperate zone. A systematic description of the genus was made in 1753 by Linnaeus, who called ginseng the word "panax" - derived from the Latin panacea - panacea - an all-healing remedy (in Greek "pan" - everything, "akos" - medicine). Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is found in the Primorsky Territory and the southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory, in Korea - in a small mountainous area in the north of the peninsula and in three provinces of Northeast China. Ginseng leads the life of an "aristocrat": it prefers drained loose, humus-rich, moderately moist soils with a neutral reaction and does not tolerate direct sunlight. It is most likely to be found in the taiga on the eastern and western slopes, usually up to an altitude of 700 meters above sea level. If not for the "capriciousness" of the plant, ginseng would certainly have become widespread as an ornamental crop. The slender, straight stem of the plant bears 4-5 leaves, sitting on long petioles at an angle of 30-35 ° to each other. A ginseng leaf resembles a horse chestnut leaf - it consists of five leaves spread out like the fingers of a hand. Above the rosette of leaves, a thin flower arrow is directed upwards to a height of 60-70 centimeters, crowned with a spherical umbrella of an inflorescence of small pale green five-membered bisexual flowers-asterisks. The inconspicuous flowers of ginseng are usually forced to self-pollinate, but on occasion they are pollinated with the help of insects and cross-pollinated. The fruits are one- and two-celled drupes, turning bright red in July-August. The seeds are rather large, oval-flattened, wrinkled, yellowish-white in color. Plants with three leaves, rooters in the old fashioned way called tantaza, four leaves - sipie, five - upie, six - lipie. The average weight of the taiga root is 25-30 grams. Old roots reach a mass of 400-600 grams (in museums and collections, 350-year-old and older roots of just such a mass are preserved). The "champions" of the last two decades have become three roots weighing 419, 363 and 320 grams. In view of the disappearance of ginseng in the CIS, China, Korea, Japan and the United States, cultivated plantations of the plant have been created. In Russia, the first experience of growing ginseng is attributed to the entrepreneur-reindeer breeder Yankovsky, who founded a plantation on the Sidimi peninsula in 1910; she lasted 12 years. According to V. K. Arseniev, Yankovsky was ahead of Dersu Uzala, who planted 1890 roots in the upper reaches of the Lefu River in early 22, which the most experienced root growers could not find for a century. In 1932-1934, work on growing ginseng began in the Suputinsky and Kedrovaya Pad reserves, and later at the Ginseng state farm in the Primorsky Territory, on an experimental plantation of the Teberdinsky mountain reserve and in three forestry enterprises of the Stavropol Territory. Seeds sown in the year of harvest germinate in 18-22 months. To speed up the emergence of seedlings, the seeds are stratified: they are mixed with coarse, slightly moist sand, kept for four months at a temperature of 18-20 ° C (warm stratification), and then the same amount at a temperature of 1-3 ° C (cold stratification). Seeds ready for sowing have a tiny root. The sown seeds are sown in the soil to a depth of 3-4 centimeters. The most acceptable type of fertilizer for ginseng is forest leaf humus. Ginseng is useful in many cases. Powders, tinctures, pills, liquid extract, prepared on the root of ginseng, increase efficiency, endurance and resistance to disease. They are used in the treatment of nervous and mental diseases. Ginseng preparations are recommended for the treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, mental, physical and marital overwork, injuries, anemia, liver and kidney diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis and radiation sickness. In diabetic patients, ginseng lowers blood sugar levels. In China, ginseng seeds are used for difficult childbirth. The active principle of ginseng is glycosides (panaxosides), which have a steroidal structure. However, ginseng is not useful for everyone. Boyar Spafary was absolutely right when he wrote: "... but what to give a healthy person is much harmful ...". Moreover, ginseng is simply dangerous in severe cases of hypertension with severe sclerotic changes in the vessels of the heart and brain, as well as in feverish conditions or bleeding. Taking ginseng preparations is contraindicated for many people in the heat, and for some - at bedtime. Ginseng is included in the Red Book - there is little of it left on the planet. Author: Laptev Yu.P.
Common ginseng (true ginseng), Panax ginseng. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Common ginseng (true ginseng), Panax ginseng. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a perennial plant used in traditional medicine to improve physical endurance, memory, immunity and other health indicators. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing ginseng: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Growing Panax Ginseng is a complex process that requires a lot of time and effort. If you are not ready for this, you can purchase ready-made ginseng-based products in pharmacies or health food stores. However, if you decide to grow ginseng, follow the above tips to get a high quality product. Also, be sure to check with your doctor or herbalist before using ginseng, as it may interact with certain medications or cause side effects in some people. Ginseng is a unique plant that can have a positive impact on health and well-being. However, to obtain its medicinal properties, it is necessary to follow certain rules for growing, harvesting and storage.
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