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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Brief summary of works of Russian literature of the 1831th century. Nikolai Semenovich Leskov 1895-XNUMX
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Nikolai Semenovich Leskov 1831 - 1895 Nowhere. Novel (1864) Two young girls, “poplar and birch”, Lizaveta Grigorievna Bakhareva and Evgenia Petrovna Glovatskaya, are returning from Moscow after graduating from college. On the way, they stop at the monastery to visit Bakhareva’s aunt, Abbess Agnia, where Lisa demonstrates new views on the role of a woman in the family and life. There, the girls meet the simple-minded young nun Theoktista, who lost her husband and child and fled to a monastery from her harsh mother-in-law. In the village of Merevo, the girls are met by the leader Yegor Nikolaevich Bakharev with “childishly simple-minded blue eyes”, the reserved Pyotr Lukich Glovatsky, Lisa’s mother Olga Sergeevna and her sisters: Zinaida, who married the landowner Shatokhin, but periodically runs away from her husband to her parents, and Sonya, “ young lady, there are many of them." Here is Candidate of Legal Sciences Justin Pomada, “very pretty, but not very presentable,” who is very much loved by the district doctor Dmitry Petrovich Rozanov, unhappy in his marriage to his “quarrelsome” wife. Soon Glowatsky and his daughter leave for the district town, where the father again performs the duties of a school caretaker, and Jenny eagerly takes on simple farming. Frequent guests of their house are two “most decent young men” Nikolai Stepanovich Vyazmitinov and Alexey Pavlovich Zarnitsyn, Doctor Rozanov and several other people who make up “a circle of very short and very undemanding people - a completely new phenomenon in county life.” Zarnitsyn calls on Glovatskaya to the high calling of a citizen, Vyazmitinov is mostly silent, and the doctor becomes an ardent admirer of Jenny’s “modest virtues.” Glovatskaya never gets bored or burdened by the quiet monotony of her life. Lisa remains in Mereve, but one day she comes to Glowacka and asks to take her away from the family, where everything is “fussy and dead,” otherwise she will turn into a “demon” and a “monster.” Jenny refuses to take Lisa in, Vyazmitinov supplies her with books, and Jenny sees her off and becomes convinced that her friend is right. After a conversation with her sister, who threatens to take Liza to her place if she is not allowed to live “according to her nature,” Bakharev forcibly sends his eldest daughter to her husband, and gives Liza the best room. At a farewell party before leaving for the provincial town for the winter, Jenny and Lisa pay attention to the young foreigner Rainer. On Epiphany evening, after an unpleasant episode at the ball, when Lisa stood up for Jenny’s honor, she, almost freezing on the way, returns to Merevo, where she decides to live alone. Old man Bakharev sees that his daughter is wrong, but he feels sorry for her and believes Agnia’s words about Bakharev’s character, ideas about anxiety that must pass. Liza comes to Glovatskaya extremely rarely, only for Vyazmitinov’s books. She reads randomly, and all close people seem to her to be “monuments of past affections,” living not in the world, but in a “little world.” At one of the evenings at the Glovatskys’, a remarkable argument takes place, in which Rozanov, in contrast to Zarnitsyn, asserts that “every people has its own dramatic struggle,” which does not differ by class. Jenny's brother, Hippolyte, is imprisoned for a student affair; his fate is decided by the intercession and connections of Abbess Agnia. Zarnitsyn is secretive and, posing as a political figure, places proclamations in the pocket of the school auditor, the Greek Safianos. Vyazmitinov is more serious and has common affairs with Rainer. Soon Vyazmitinov confesses his love to Zhenni. And during Holy Week, Lisa, who clearly sympathizes with Rozanov, calls on him to give up the life that the doctor leads and leave. The doctor makes a promise and soon leaves for Moscow. The Bakharev family also goes there. In Moscow, Rozanov settles with his university friend, investigative bailiff Evgraf Fedorovich Nechai and his wife Dasha, meets the regular visitors to their apartment - the owner of the house, Staff Captain Davydovskaya, and proofreader Ardalion Arapov, who introduces Rozanov to the Moscow circle of “his people.” " people and to the house of Kazimir Raciborski, who later turned out to be a Polish conspirator who decided to use the "new people" for his own purposes. Arapov introduces the doctor to a “stranger” - the Frenchman Rainer, already familiar to Rozanov, as well as Beloyartsev, Zavulonov and other “socialists”. The evening ends with drunkenness and obscene songs, equally unpleasant to both Rozanov and Rainer. Both enter the house of the Marquise de Baral and her neighbors - “carbon dioxide fairies of clean ponds” - the Yaroslavtsev sisters. The imaginary Ratsiborsky arranges for Rozanov to go to the hospital, where he meets the hard-working resident Lobachevsky, who is confident that “all suffering is from idleness,” and begins to write his dissertation. Arapov introduces Rozanov to the Berdic Jew Nafrtula Soloveichik, posing as an embittered representative of the nation. The Bakharevs in Moscow live in the family of Olga Sergeevna’s brother, whose son Sergei is “liberal,” and so that the “gatherings” do not end with the police, his mother deliberately pretends to arrest her son, but in reality sends him to the estate. The Marquise's circle believes in the arrest, panics and accuses the “new people” - Rozanov and Rainer - of espionage and betrayal. Meanwhile, Soloveitchik composes a denunciation against all the “liberals,” but on occasion kills two beggars, steals their money and runs away. Rozanov is invited by General Strepetov, speaks to him as a “revolutionary,” calls on him to understand that everything they are doing is madness, and indirectly warns him about the possible interest of the police. Rozanov comes to Arapov and, while everyone is sleeping, burns the printed leaflets, takes away the lithographic stone and thereby dooms himself to contempt. Marquise de Baral is interested in Lisa as a “material” and introduces her to a circle that soon falls apart. Liza alone “doesn’t weaken” for a minute, although she has “nowhere” to go and doesn’t know what to do. Lobachevsky is denied permission to establish a school for women, and leaves for St. Petersburg. Rozanov once again dreams of improving his family life, but Olga Alexandrovna, who has returned, immediately undermines his reputation in the circle of “carbon dioxide fairies” and goes to live with the marquise. Lisa goes blind, can no longer read much and meets the “haired girl” Bertoldi, a “materialist” who is “working on Proudhon.” Rozanov, who is “empty” and unbearably bored, comes to Liza, meets the “ill-fated Bertoldinka,” who lives at Bakharev’s expense, and Liza’s institute friend Polinka Kalistratova, whose husband squandered his entire fortune and ended up in prison. While Bertoldi considers her a person to be developed, for Kalistratova Bertoldi is only “funny”, the Company leaves for Sokolniki, where Beloyartsev, who ended the “Moscow revolutionary period”, will soon visit, and with him all those who survived from the crumbling “caudle”. Their company tires Rozanov, who develops the most tender feelings for Polinka. Lipstick brings gifts from Jenny, Lisa is sincerely happy to meet her, and he remains completely servile to her. The socialist Krasin, who arrived from St. Petersburg, argues for the priority of physiology over moral obligations and preaches the criterion of “reasonableness.” Rozanov stands for an “unsolvable” marriage and receives from Bertoldi the title of “gradualist” and “idealist.” Lisa accuses the doctor of selfishness and indifference to human grief, Rozanov points out her inhumane attitude towards the accustomed and ruined Lipstick and calls on her, given the immense breadth of aspirations and love for humanity, to feel sorry for the people who surround her. In his opinion, all Liza’s acquaintances - with the exception of Rainer, “windbags” - arrange it so that a decent person is ashamed of the name of a Russian liberal. After breaking up with Liza, Rozanov communicates only with Polinka Kalistratova, but “martial law” is again established in his life: Olga Alexandrovna insists on a divorce. Rozanov begins to drink, but Polinka nurses him back to health, and they leave for St. Petersburg. After Olga Sergeevna threatens Liza with a “strait house,” she finally breaks up with her family, and, cursed by Bakharev, leaves with Bertoldi for St. Petersburg, where, reading “The Doctrine of Food” by Moleschott, she cries for her father. The old man, from whom his daughter “left”, has a stroke, and soon both he and Olga Sergeevna die. Zhenni, married to Vyazmitinov, moves to St. Petersburg. Rozanov continues to live with his little daughter, serves as a police doctor and does not part with Polinka, who has become a midwife. Having met the nanny Abramovna, he learns about Lisa’s whereabouts and finds her old and discolored. Lisa lives in a common-law family with Bertoldi, Beloyartsev and other “people of action”, full of contempt for ordinary work, indifferent to careers and family origins and talking about the unnatural distribution of labor and capital, but still not knowing what to do. Rainer often comes here, who has his own commune, living at his expense. Beloyartsev creates a more influential “role” for himself, lives in the house as a “general” and, according to Lisa, violates “social equality”. Lisa and Rozanov with Polinka come to the Vyazmitinovs, but when Rainer appears, who, according to Lisa, is “better than everyone” she knew, Vyazmitinov is very dissatisfied: according to his unchanged wife, people whom he previously loved and praised are interfering with him . Another six months later, Vyazmitinov received the order and completely renounced his former friends and ideals, entering the circle of the official aristocracy with a liberal-conservative direction. Kalistratova and Rozanov have a daughter. Lisa leaves the House of Concord, where Beloyartsev establishes dictatorial orders. Rainer leaves for Poland to fight for the freedom of slaves. The lipstick disappears. Lisa visits Jenny more and more often, where they do not pay attention to the "beech" of Nikolai Stepanovich. Rainer confesses to Lisa that he dreams of destroying the "profanity of the teachings" and closing the House of Concord. Lisa accuses him of cowardice. Meanwhile, Reiner is being followed, and Jenny gives him her husband's travel pass. Rainer calls Liza, but, without waiting and hiding from Vyazmitinov, he runs away. Lisa suffers that she "dispersed everyone" and "lost", and the tenants of the house destroy all incriminating papers, but only a shopkeeper comes to them demanding money. At this time, in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, a detachment of rebels, led by Mr. Kuleya (Rainer), comes across a house where two seriously wounded people are dying. One of them turns out to be Lipstick, who is "tired of living" and whose mother was Polish. But then the squad is attacked, and Reiner, with the dying Lipstick in his arms, is captured. When Lisa learns about Rainer's possible arrest, she asks Rozanov to borrow money for her from Sophia's husband, Baron Alterzon. But he refuses to give money “for debauchery” and announces that, according to her mother’s will, Lisa is deprived of her inheritance. Rozanov recognizes him as Naftula Soloveichik. After another unsuccessful attempt to get a job, Lisa receives news that Reiner will be shot soon and disappears. Bertoldi drags Olga Aleksandrovna Rozanova into the House of Concord. Nine days later, Lisa returns in a violent fever and admits that she went to the execution. Following the pleas of Zhenya and Abramovna, the patient agrees to confess and take communion and asks Lobachevsky, as a last resort, to give her poison. Lisa dies with the words: “What I have in common with them is at least hatred and an inability to put up with society, but with you nothing.” On Vyazmitinov’s name day, a feast gathers, where Zarnitsyn with a cross advocates for the introduction of a world regulation on peasants, Zhenya’s brother Ippolit, who serves as an official under the governor, talks about old acquaintances, careers and women’s rights. Jenny states that, unlike those who “fooled around” in their youth, she had “no place to fool around.” Olga Alexandrovna escapes from the House of Concord and settles in Rozanov’s apartment, which he divided into two separate halves. A month later, the merchant's son Luka Nikolaevich Maslyannikov returns home. He is told that Olga Alexandrovna went to the monastery "Belitsa". And he promises to arrange schools and hospitals, but claims that you "can't knock him down" with new compositions. And he speaks angrily about people who have only nothing on their minds. They "muddle" the people, but they themselves do not know the way and will not find it without "our brother". Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk district. Tale (1865) Katerina Lvovna, “a very pleasant woman in appearance,” lives in the prosperous house of the merchant Izmailov with her widowed father-in-law Boris Timofeevich and her middle-aged husband Zinovy Borisovich. Katerina Lvovna has no children, and “with all the contentment,” her life “with an unkind husband” is the most boring. In the sixth year of marriage, Zinovy Borisovich leaves for the mill dam, leaving Katerina Lvovna “all alone.” In the courtyard of her house, she competes with the daring worker Sergei, and from the cook Aksinya learns that this fellow has been serving with the Izmailovs for a month, and was expelled from his previous house for “love” with the mistress. In the evening, Sergei comes to Katerina Lvovna, complains of boredom, says that he loves her, and stays until the morning. But one night Boris Timofeevich notices Sergei’s red shirt coming down from his daughter-in-law’s window. The father-in-law threatens that he will tell Katerina Lvovna’s husband everything and send Sergei to prison. That same night, Katerina Lvovna poisons her father-in-law with white powder saved for rats and continues the “aligoria” with Sergei. Meanwhile, Sergei becomes dry with Katerina Lvovna, is jealous of her husband and talks about his insignificant state, confessing that he would like to be her husband “before the holy pre-eternal temple”. In response, Katerina Lvovna promises to make him a merchant. Zinovy Borisovich returns home and accuses Katerina Lvovna of "cupids". Katerina Lvovna takes Sergei out and boldly kisses him in front of her husband. Lovers kill Zinovy Borisovich, and the corpse is buried in the cellar. Zinovy Borisovich is searched uselessly, and Katerina Lvovna "does well with Sergei, as a widow at liberty." Soon Zinovy Borisovich's young nephew Fyodor Lyapin comes to live with Izmailova, whose money the late merchant had in circulation. Urged on by Sergei, Katerina Lvovna plans to kill the God-fearing boy On the night of Vespers on the feast of the Entry, the boy remains in the house alone with his lovers and reads the Life of St. Theodore Stratilates. Sergei grabs Fedya, and Katerina Lvovna smothers him with a feather pillow. But as soon as the boy dies, the house begins to shake from the blows, Sergei panics, sees the deceased Zinovy Borisovich, and only Katerina Lvovna understands that it is the people who see through the crack that is being done in the “sinful house”. Sergei is taken to the unit, and at the first words of the priest about the Last Judgment, he confesses to the murder of Zinovy Borisovich and calls Katerina Lvovna an accomplice. Katerina Lvovna denies everything, but at the confrontation she admits that she killed "for Sergei." Murderers are punished with whips and sentenced to hard labor. Sergei arouses sympathy, but Katerina Lvovna behaves steadfastly and refuses to even look at her newborn child. He, the only heir of the merchant, is given up for education. Katerina Lvovna thinks only of how to get to the stage as soon as possible and see Sergei. But at the stage, Sergei is unkind and secret dates do not please him. At Nizhny Novgorod, the Moscow party joins the prisoners, with which go the soldier Fiona of a free temper and the seventeen-year-old Sonetka, about whom they say: "it curls around the hands, but does not give into the hands." Katerina Lvovna arranges another date with her lover, but finds the trouble-free Fiona in his arms and quarrels with Sergei. Having never reconciled with Katerina Lvovna, Sergey begins to "chew" and flirt with Sonetka, who seems to be "handling". Katerina Lvovna decides to leave her pride and put up with Sergei, and during the meeting, Sergei complains of pain in his legs, and Katerina Lvovna gives him thick woolen stockings. The next day, she notices these stockings on Sonetka and spits in Sergei's eyes. At night, Sergei, together with a friend, beats Katerina Lvovna to the giggle of Sonetka. Katerina Lvovna cries out grief on Fiona's chest, the whole party, led by Sergei, mocks her, but Katerina Lvovna behaves with "wooden calmness". And when the party is transported by ferry to the other side of the river, Katerina Lvovna grabs Sonetka by the legs, throws herself overboard with her, and both drown. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina Warrior. Tale (1866) The lace-maker Domna Platonovna, known to the narrator, "has the most immense and diverse acquaintance" and is sure that she owes this to her simplicity and "kindness". People, according to Domna Platonovna, are vile and generally "bastard", and no one can be trusted, which is confirmed by frequent cases when Domna Platonovna is deceived. The lacemaker is "wider across herself" and constantly complains about her health and powerful sleep, from which she suffers a lot of grief and misfortune. Domna Platonovna’s temperament is inoffensive, she is indifferent to earning money and, being carried away, like an “artist”, with her works, she has many private affairs, for which lace plays only the role of a “pass type”: she woo, find money on mortgages and carry notes everywhere. At the same time, he retains a subtle appeal and says about a pregnant woman: "she is in her marital interest." Having met the narrator, who lives in the apartment of the Polish colonel, whom Domna Platonovna is looking for a groom, she notices that a Russian woman in love is stupid and pathetic. And he tells the story of Colonel Domutkovskaya, or Leonidka. Leonidka had a "bang" with her husband, and she got a tenant, a "friend" who didn't pay the rent. Domna Platonovna promises to find someone for Leonidka who will "both love and help," but Leonidka refuses. The lodger whips Leonidka with a whip, and after a while they have such a "carom" that the "barbarian" disappears altogether. Leonidka is left without furniture, moves to live with the "first swindler" Dislensha and, despite the advice of Domna Platonovna, is going to obey her husband. Having received no answer to her letter of repentance, she decides to go to her husband and asks Domna Platonovna for money for the journey. The lace maker does not give money, confident that a woman cannot get out of trouble except through her own fall. At this time, a familiar colonel asks Domna Platonovna to introduce him to some "educated" young lady and transfers money for her. The "scoundrel" colonel begins to cry, does not take the money and runs away. Two days later he returns and offers his sewing services. Domna Platonovna urges her not to "warp", but Leonidka does not want to go to her husband for "nasty money" and goes to rich people to ask for help, but in the end she "decides" and promises "not to be capricious". Domna Platonovna gives her a closet in her apartment, buys clothes and makes arrangements with a familiar general. But when he comes, the colonel does not unlock the door. Domna Platonovna calls her a "freeloader" and a "noble galtepa" and beats her so much that she feels sorry for herself. Leonidka looks crazy, cries, calls God and mother. Domna Platonovna sees Leonida Petrovna in a dream with a small dog and wants to pick up a stick from the ground to drive the dog away, but a dead hand appears from under the ground and grabs the lace maker. The next day, Leonidka meets with the general, after which he completely changes: he refuses to talk with Domna Platonovna, returns her money for the apartment, categorically refusing to pay "for the trouble." The colonel is no longer going to go to her husband, because "such scoundrels" do not return to their husbands. She rents an apartment and, leaving the lace-maker, adds that she is not angry with Domna Platonovna, because she is "completely stupid." A year later, Domna Platonovna learns that Leonidka "spends romances" not only with the general, but also with his son, and decides to renew their acquaintance. She comes to the colonel, when the general's daughter-in-law is sitting with her, Leonidka offers her "coffee" and sends her to the kitchen, thanking the lace maker for making her "rubbish". Domna Platonovna is offended, scolds and talks about "pur miur love" to the general's daughter-in-law. A scandal flares up, after which the general leaves the colonel, and she begins to live in such a way that "now there is one prince, and tomorrow another count." Domna Platonovna informs the narrator that in her youth she was a simple woman, but she was so "trained" that now she cannot trust anyone. Returning home from an acquaintance of the merchant's wife, who treats her with liquor, Domna Platonovna spares money for a cab, goes on foot, and some gentleman snatches the bag from her hands. The narrator suggests that it would be better if she had not been stingy and paid money to the cab driver, but the lace maker is sure that they all have “one strike”, and tells how once she was driven “out of the blue” because of little money. Once on the ground, she meets an officer who scolds the cab driver and defends the lace maker. But when she returned home, Domna Platonovna discovers that instead of lace in the bundle, there are only “thrown trousers”: as the police explain, this officer came from the bathhouse and simply robbed the lace maker. On another occasion, Domna Platonovna buys a shirt on the street that has turned into an old washcloth at home. And when Domna Platonovna decides to woo the surveyor, his friend says that he is already married. The lace maker asks for a friend, but the land surveyor, a man who "would confuse and emasculate the entire state," slanders the groom with a "navel" and upsets the wedding. One day, Domna Platonovna even gives herself up to be scolded by demons: returning from the fair, she finds herself in a field at night, "dark" faces are spinning around and a little man the size of a rooster invites her to make love, dances waltzes on the lacemaker's stomach, and disappears in the morning. Domna Platonovna coped with the demon, but failed with the man: she buys furniture for one merchant's wife, sits on top of it on a cart, but falls through and "shines naked" throughout the city until the policeman stops the cart. Domna Platonovna cannot understand in any way whether the sin lies on her for the fact that she exchanged husbands with her godfather in a dream. After that, and after the story with the captive Turk Ispulatka, Domna Platonovna is "sewn up" at night. A few years later, the narrator takes a poor man to a typhoid hospital and recognizes Domna Platonovna, who has changed a lot, in the "older" hospital. Some time later, the narrator is summoned to Domna Platonovna, and she asks him to take care of the piano student Valerochka, who robbed his master. It is not possible to save the thief, Domna Platonovna fades away and prays, and the narrator admits that she loves Valerochka and asks for pity, while everyone laughs at her. A month later, Domna Platonovna dies from rapid exhaustion, and gives the chest and her "simple belongings" to the narrator so that he gives everything to Valerka. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina With knives. Roman (1870 - 1871) Iosaf Platonovich Vislenev, convicted in the past in a political case, returns to the district town. He is met by his sister Larisa, former fiancée Alexandra Ivanovna, who later unexpectedly married General Sintyanin, about whom there is a “terrible reputation.” Among the greeters is also Major Forov, who declares that he would never marry anyone other than his “smart fool” Katerina Astafievna. Shortly before her brother's arrival, Larisa is proposed to by the "Spanish nobleman" landowner Podozerov. Vislenev arrives with Pavel Gordanov. At an evening with the Bakharevs, Gordanov declares himself an opponent of the praise of the female mind and emancipation, and then meets with his former mistress Glafira Akatova, who married the rich man Bodrostin in order to help the “common cause” with money, but Glafira, who has outwitted everyone, demands that Gordanov’s “convict conscience” kill her "healed" husband. At night, Vislenev opens a briefcase with money, which Gordanov gives him for safekeeping, but sees a female figure in a green dress in the garden. The next morning, Vislenev tries to find out who owns the green dress he dreamed of, and, not finding the owner, leaves for the Forovs. Forova meets the general's wife and her stepdaughter Vera, who are leaving for the farm, and learns that at night Vera screams "Blood!" pointed to the Wislenevsky outbuilding. Vislenev meets the priest Evangel Minervin, who wrote articles in the past, and joins him and Forov on a fishing trip. They talk about the essence of Christianity, but Vislenev has not read Baron von Feuerbach, Renan, or Chrysostom and declares the superiority of utility over knowledge. He admits that he does not like Russia, where there is “no nature, no people.” After a thunderstorm breaks out, the travelers meet the old man Bodrostin, who takes Vislenev away for a visit, leaving Forov to consider Josaf a “low-witted man.” Glafira Vasilievna receives a letter from Podozerov, after reading which she concludes that he is “running away from her.” Genrikh Ropshin, a “nasty and unattractive” young man, brings her another letter, Glafira reads it and, declaring herself a beggar, faints. The narrator "migrates" to St. Petersburg, where in the vinegar of the "forty thieves" new "middle minds" are released into the world. Gordanov, the son of a Moscow gypsy and the older brother of Mikhail Bodrostin, quickly understands that a lot of good can be derived from the “delirium” of young people. He proclaims among his comrades “Jesutism,” which has given way to “nihilism.” “Old Believers”, led by Anna Skokova, nicknamed Vanskok, rebel against the latter, and Gordanov explains the new teaching with “Darwinism”: “swallow others so that you are not swallowed.” Vanskok, who, according to Forov, is not spoiled by her beliefs, experiments, but she does not even manage to strangle the cat. Like Akatova, many girls from the “new” ones, like the Polish Kazimira or Tsypri-Kipri, marry rich men, rob them and arrange their personal destiny. Returning to St. Petersburg after a three-year absence, Gordanov learns from Vanskok that the small newspaperman Tikhon Kishensky has become very rich, having received money stolen from his father by his mistress Alina Figurina. Vanskock suggests to Gordanov the theory of “fresh wounds” that cannot be touched. Vislenev is engaged in “prolonged antics,” that is, he writes articles based on lies and overexposure, but Vanskock brings him “Polish correspondence” transferred by Gordanov for a possible article. The “dense seminarian” neighbor of Meridianov comes to him and offers to marry the prince’s favorite for a certain bribe, but the offended Vislenev refuses him. Gordanov, meanwhile, goes to Kishinsky and offers him to "buy" a husband for Alina and a father for their children. After bargaining, they come to an agreement and only then do they find out that Vislenev was sold. Gordanov asks Kishensky, who works in the police, to briefly arrest Gordanov and gives him a copy of Wislenevsky's "Polish" work. Vanskok, Vislenev and Gordanov are being searched, and Gordanov tells Vislenev that he has handed over his work to Kishensky for safekeeping. Vislenev is imprisoned, and Alina, under pain of issuing an article, forces him to marry. The wedding is reminiscent of the painting "Unequal Marriage", only in reverse. Vislenev ends up "on corvee": he writes down all the children in his name, and at the end of the year he is presented with a bill for several thousand. This figure should increase every year, and Gordanov, who does not want to increase his debt, is trying to rebel, complaining about his fate. Gordanov tries to negotiate with Kishinsky, while he himself dreams of a mysterious and grandiose plan. But Kishensky and Alina make a "thing" and burn down the apartment where the documents of Gordanov, who is engaged in usury with Alina, are kept. Left without money, he receives a call from Bodrostina and leaves with Vislenev. In a letter to an old friend, Glafira's brother Gregoire, Podozerov describes Gordanov and Vislenev, because of whom he is declared an unreliable and "dangerous" person. Vislenev takes away from his sister half of the estate given to her earlier, Gordanov deceives his men and accuses Forov and Father Evangel of instigation. Glafira sees the ghost of Bodrostin in a cut cuirassier uniform. Kishensky writes articles incriminating Podozerov, and Vanskok writes a note about the theft of Gordan's money by Podozerov. At this time, in the province, Larisa goes to live with Bodrostina, who considers her a “dummy,” but encourages the courtship of the girl by Gordanov, who is seriously interested in her. Forova becomes angry with Larisa, and the general’s wife persuades Podozerov to fight for his love and achieve Larisa’s feelings. Vera joyfully baptizes them and brings them together. Bodrostin stops trusting his wife, and she tames Iosaph, and Gordanov is accepted by everyone in the city. With the help of Ropshin, Bodrostina replaces the will, which her husband takes to St. Petersburg. The landowner Vodopyanov or “crazy Bedouin” comes to Glafira, who tells a mysterious story about the student Spiridonov, reminiscent of some information from the life of Podozerov’s mother. Podozerov gives Glafira a letter from which she learns that Bodrostin was lured into his network by Kishensky and his company and is trying to ruin him. Podozerov catches Gordanov trying to kiss Larisa and challenges him to a duel. But Larisa declares that the past is “buried,” although he remains her friend. Before the duel, Podozerov receives a blessing from Alexandra Ivanovna, and Gordanov comes to Larisa at night, and Forova notices their embrace. Alexandra Ivanovna writes a confession saying that she got married in order to save the innocent people whom Vislenev - a “lifeless” man - brought with him after his arrest. There she also mentions a case when the general wanted to shoot her, but Vera did not allow this to happen. Sintyanina admits that she loves Podozerov, and only regrets Vislenev, who exchanged her for “freedom.” Sintyanin's late wife Flora, Vera's mother, leaves the portrait and gives the general's wife a ring. The next morning, Forova says that Podozerov is seriously wounded, and the general, who received news of his resignation due to Gordanov’s denunciation of Forov and Father Evangel, suffered a blow. According to the arrested person, the duel turned out to be a “murder”: Gordanov shot earlier than expected, and when he ran away from the crime scene, Forov shot him in the heel. Bodrostina sends Gordanov, still confident in permissiveness, to St. Petersburg, punishing him to finally lure his husband into the network of scammers. Sintyanina, Forova and Liza do not leave Podozerov, but when his house is threatened by fire, Larisa takes the sick man to her place, does not allow the general’s wife to see him, asks for protection and persuades him to marry. Vislenev flees the city in an unknown direction, Gordanov, having hushed up the scandal, leaves for St. Petersburg. Along the way, he meets Glafira in Moscow, demonstrating her “superiority and dominance.” She tells him to look at the image, but Gordanov sees a green dress. Glafira declares this dress, which Flora is wearing in the portrait, to be her “conscience,” and she has a nervous attack. Having received instructions from Bodrostina to bring Mikhail Andreevich together with the Polish woman Kazimira and introduce him as the father of her child, Gordanov leaves for St. Petersburg. Glafira meets with Vislenev and goes to Paris, where he attends spiritualistic séances and passes off Iosaf Platonovich as a medium. Larisa proves that there is jealousy without love, and stops communicating with Sintyanina, who continues to protect her. Forova, who married the major only after seven years of their life together, uses all her strength to bring her husband, who has been released from prison, to God. Sintyanin, offended by the denunciation, suspects that they want to kill old Bodrostin. Glafira follows everything that is happening in St. Petersburg from Paris. Vislenev is already getting used to the role of a lackey, Bodrostina beckons him with her love, wants to "test" and leads to the thought of the possible death of her husband, after which she will be able to remarry. Glafira has been passionately in love with Podozerov for two years now and dreams of forgetting all past sins. On the way to St. Petersburg, Vislenev, who is afraid of being arrested for debts, changes his appearance, and when he arrives in the city, he locks himself in the bathroom and causes a flood. He is declared insane, and Alina and Kishensky are set free. Under the patronage of Gregoire, Glafira meets with an important person, tells him about her "misfortunes" with her husband and Casimira, but does not find support: Sintyanin has already warned this general about possible villainy. The general orders his subordinate Perushkin to "catch" Glafira. Meanwhile, Glafira "liberates" her husband from Kazimira, who demands money for the child Kazimira has been sent to an orphanage, and in gratitude he writes a new will, according to which his wife inherits everything. The Podozerovs live unhappily, and after the return of Glafira, Larisa moves in with the Bodrostins, Vislenev swindles money from Gordanov on her behalf and finally sells his sister. Podozerov tries to reason with his wife and point out her true friends, but she replies that she "hates everything" that he loves, and runs away with Gordanov. Forova is looking for them in Moscow and St. Petersburg, where she meets Podozerov, but to no avail. Gordanov and married Lara get married and live in Moldova, where Larisa remains even when Gordanov leaves for Russia. Unexpectedly, Larisa returns and soon, to everyone's surprise, settles in Gordanov's apartment. The general's wife receives a note from her and, upon arriving, finds the patient sick. Larisa says that they are going to kill someone in the house soon, and asks Sintyanina not to take her eyes off Iosaph. She shows the general's wife the pipe of the stove vent, through which everything is heard about what is said in the house. Tragically, Vodopyanov, who fell from the bridge, dies, whose horses, as it turns out later, were frightened by Vislenev, who decided to kill, confusing them with Bodrostinsky. Perushkin comes to the Sintyanins under the guise of a surveyor. The guests gathered at Bodrostin's name day, including Gordanov, Vislenev and Sintyanin, go to look at the fiery peasant rite, which is performed not far from the estate, in order, according to popular belief, to "burn the death of a cow." Shortly before this, Bodrostina accidentally pours blood-like wine on her husband's shirt. Liza confesses to the remaining Sintyanina in bigamy, but at that time Vislenev appears, in a frenzy announcing the murder of old man Bodrostin and demanding an immediate wedding with Glafira. Vislenev is taken to the police station, but the murder is attributed to a peasant rebellion. Ropshin tells Glafira that a trace of her Spanish stiletto was found on the body of the old man, and blackmails her with marriage, promising to hide the first, fake testament of Bodrostin. Iosaf confesses that he did not actually kill the old man, but only burned him with a cigarette, and blames Bodrostin and Gordanov for instigating the crime. Lara disappears, but Forov and Father Evangel find her, stabbed to death. They are taken to the police station and accused of inciting a popular uprising. Gordanov notices that Ropshin is starting to take charge of the house, and they are starting to follow him, having injured his hand during the murder. At the funeral, the dead man's hands are untied and spread out, and this frightens Glafira so much that she betrays Gordanov. Vera throws at his feet a stiletto he has found in the forest and, according to Bodrostina, has long been his. Gordanov is arrested and his arm suffering from "Anton fire" is amputated. Ropshin promises money, and he defends Glafira, and after that he is poisoned. Bodrostina marries Ropshin, who turned out to be cruel and stingy, and lives on the money of the kind Forov. Found guilty, Vislenev lives in a lunatic asylum and is quite happy with his position. Vera and Katerina Afanasievna, who, according to the general's wife, "has done everything" earthly ", die. Before his death, Sintyanin bequeaths his wife Podozerova. At their wedding, Forov is present, unsuccessfully trying to marry the "most excellent person" Vanskok. A year later, Father Evangel visits the Podozerovs with the announcement of Forov's death, he is sure that everything that is happening "on knives" is the prologue of something bigger that must irresistibly come. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina Soboryans. Romance Chronicle (1872) The subject of the story is the "life" of representatives of the Stargorod "cathedral priesthood": Archpriest Savely Tuberozov, priest Zakhary Benefaktov and deacon Achilles Desnitsyn. Childless Tuberozov retains all the ardor of his heart and all the energy of youth. Benefaktov's personality is the embodiment of meekness and humility. Deacon Achilles is a hero and sings beautifully, but because of his enthusiasm he receives the nickname “wounded.” The leader of the nobility brings three canes from St. Petersburg: two with identical gold knobs and one with a silver one for Achilles, which casts “doubt” on the priest. Tuberozov takes both canes to the city and engraves on his own “Aaron’s rod blossomed”, and on Zechariah’s cane – “Did the staff in his hand.” He hides Achilles' cane under lock and key, because it is not due to his rank. Achilles' "frivolous" reaction leads to the fact that Father Savely does not talk to him. Since his ordination, Tuberozov has kept a “demicotone” book, where he records how “beautiful-hearted” his wife Natalya Nikolaevna is, how he meets Lady Plodomasova and her dwarf servant Nikolai Afanasyevich, how poor Pizonsky warms up an orphan boy. The last story serves as the basis for the sermon, for which, as well as for the inappropriate attitude towards schismatics, denunciations are written against the archpriest. Achilles is “hurt” by the teacher Barnabas of Prepotensky, who experiments on a drowned man. On the day of Methodius of Pesnosh, when “the landscape represents the simplicity of life, just as the overture represents the music of an opera,” the residents of Stargorod go swimming. Achilles, riding out of the river on a red horse, says that he took the bones of a dead man from the teacher Varnavka, but they were stolen again. The doctor frightens the deacon with unfamiliar words, he promises to “choke out the free-thinking bone” from the city and asks to call himself “Achilles the Warrior.” Valerian Nikolaevich Daryanov comes to Prepotenskaya's bakery, where he finds her son Barnabas. He reports that he mathematically proved to Tuberozov “the incorrectness of the calculation of holidays” and believes that people like the archpriest slow down the “revolution” and generally serve in the secret police. When his mother gives Achille the bones, Prepotensky goes to excise worker Daria Nikolaevna Bizyukina, and she gives him a scarf around his neck so that when Achille beats him, it will be “soft and not painful.” Barnabas returns the bones, the mother buries them, but the pig digs them up, Prepotensky fights with Achilles. Varnava’s conversation is heard by Tuberozov’s student Serbolova, who urges Prepotensky not to upset his mother. Mallow admits that her son is kind, but spoiled, and while he feeds her horse ham, she gives him the cursed water to drink. When Tuberozov comes to the mallow, Prepotensky takes out the bones, puts them on his head and shows his tongue to the archpriest. But a formidable deacon appears before Barnabas, and the teacher gives the bones to the excise woman Bizyukina, saying that spies and clergy are chasing him. Bizyukina's husband snaps at the deacon with the jaws of a skeleton, and Tuberozov's protection saves him from Achilles' stone. The archpriest is afraid that "bad people" will be able to take advantage of this story. Achilles leads to the archpriest Danilko, who claims that the long-awaited rain passed only thanks to nature. The archpriest expels the heretical Danilka and urges Achilles not to rage. But the deacon is "impossible to endure", and in his "zeal" he relies only on strength, explaining to Danilka that he punished him out of a "Christian duty." The townspeople believe that Danilka only repeats the words of Barnabas, who really deserved the punishment. The Plodomasovsky dwarf and his sister come to the police officer’s name day. Nikolai Afanasyevich tells how the late hostess-“comforter” Marfa Andreevna sets free all his relatives and thereby “hardens” him, how he wants to marry Nikolai Afanasyevich to a dwarf-Chukhonka and bargains with her mistress, how “Karla Nikolaevra” meets and talks with himself sovereign. Father Archpriest confesses to leader Tuganov that life without ideals, faith and respect for ancestors will destroy Russia, and the time has come to “fulfill one’s duty.” He calls him a "maniac". “Unpleasant persons” come to the city - the auditor Prince Bornovolokov, a university friend of Bizyukin, and Izmail Termosesov, who blackmails the prince with his “revolutionary” past. In preparation for welcoming guests, Bizyukin’s wife, having heard a lot about the tastes of “new” people, throws out all the “unnecessary” decorations from the house, removes an image from the wall, plays out an activity with the yard children, and even deliberately gets her hands dirty. But Termosesov surprises the hostess with words about the need for service and the dangers of creative literacy in times of destruction. He forces her to change clothes and wash her hands, and in response, Bizyukina falls in love with the guest. Termosesov vows to take revenge on her worst enemies, the deacon and archpriest. He offers Bornovolokov a tactic that will prove the admissibility of religion only as one of the forms of administration and the harmfulness of independent people in the clergy. The auditor authorizes him to act. Termosesov meets Varnavka and forces the "citizen" Danilka to sign a complaint against Achilles to the auditor. Using the services of the postmaster, Termosesov orders Bornovolokov to mention him in a letter as a "dangerous person", as he dreams of getting a "good job", forces him to sign a denunciation of Tuganov and Savely and demands compensation money. Prepotensky recalls Turgenev's "Smoke" and stands up for natural rights. Father Savely decides to "conceived", quits smoking, refuses to testify about the "seductive" actions of Achilles and leaves for the deanery. On the way back, he almost dies in a thunderstorm and, feeling that from now on he is living not his own, but a second life, he demands that all city officials come to the liturgy. Teaching in the city is perceived as a revolution. Termosesov and Bornovolokov are leaving. The archpriest is taken to the provincial town, and not life begins for him, but "life". Achilles and Nikolai Afanasevich are trying to intercede for him, but Savely does not want to blame, and he is appointed clerk. At the postmaster's name day, in the heat of an argument about courage, Prepotensky tries to pull the major's mustache, but makes a scandal, gets scared and runs away from the city. Natalya Nikolaevna, who came to her husband, works without sparing herself, falls ill, asks for forgiveness from Savely, and before her death sees Achilles in a dream, who urges her to pray for her husband: "Lord, save them in ways." After the funeral, the dwarf gives the archpriest a worldly request for his pardon, but the archpriest refuses to obey, because "the law does not allow it." But he agrees to obey if he is ordered. The zealous Nikolai Afanasyevich obtains an order, but Savely acts in his own way here, and although they release him, they impose a "ban". On the way home, the dwarf makes Saveliy laugh with stories about Achilles' new dog Kakvask. Achilles stays with Savely, who practically never goes out, but the bishop takes the deacon to the synod. In the letters to the archpriest, Achilles mentions Barnabas, who married and is often beaten, and Termosesov, who served in the "secret" service, but was caught on counterfeit money. Upon returning, Achilles uses the "empty" words "wu fart", "hvakt" and "nonsense", and claims that there is no god, and man works for food. After the words of Savely, the deacon repents: "his soul had to be sick and die in order to be resurrected." On the night of Tuberozov's death, the dwarf brings permission from the "prohibition" and the archpriest appears in the coffin in full dress. Achilles plunges into herself, calls the deceased a "martyr", because she understands what the deceased cared for, and utters only one phrase at a crowded funeral: "But they will look at his own probodosha." Achilles is extremely hurt by the death of Savely, does not leave the house and even accuses the new archpriest Iordion of Kratsiansky of "importance". The deacon sells all his property and, having decided to build his own monument to Savely, leaves for Tuganov for advice. But there he discovers that he ate the money along with the cakes. Tuganov gives him money, and Achilles sets up a pyramid with cherubs in the cemetery, confirming the deacon's "exalted sensitivity" with all its appearance. Nikolai Afanasyevich dies, and Achilles is rightly sure that "she" will soon come for him and Zakhary. In the spring, a terrible "devil" appears in the city, which, among other atrocities, steals crosses from the cemetery and spoils the monument to the archpriest. Achilles vows to take revenge, watches over the "devil" in the cemetery, catches and does not let her out of the ditch all night, having become very cold. "Devil" turns out to be Danilka in disguise, and in order to calm the crowd, Achilles shows him to the townspeople. He tries to protect him from punishment, but "falls sick" and soon, having repented to the archpriest, he dies. Quiet Zacharias briefly survives Savely and Achilles, and during the Bright Resurrection, the "Stargorod popovka" needs a complete renovation. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina Sealed angel. Tale (1873) Several travelers take refuge from the weather at the inn. One of them claims that “every saved person... is guided by an angel,” and he himself was led by an angel. He recites the following story on his knees, because everything that happened is “a very sacred and terrible matter.” Markusha, an “insignificant person”, born in the “old Russian faith”, serves as a mason in the artel of Luka Kirillov, the most wonderful icon of which is considered to be the image of an angel. On the Dnieper, the artel, together with the British, builds a stone bridge and for three years lives in a “peaceful” spirit and feels the “superiority of God-created nature.” But after the ignorant and camel-like Maroi invents a special way to break the strongest bolts, the Old Believers become famous. Pimen Ivanov, who, unlike the “real staid Old Believers,” does not shy away from communicating with officials, meets with the wife of an “important person,” who asks the Old Believers to beg for her daughter. Pimen does not tell the Old Believers anything about this or about subsequent orders, but they are all carried out. Having paid Pimen with money “for candles and oil,” the lady expresses a desire to look at the guardian angel, and Pimen has to tell the Old Believers about everything. The morning after the lady’s arrival, Luka Kirillov’s wife, Aunt Mikhailitsa, says that at night an angel came down from the icon. At this time, the lady’s husband, for whom Pimen “prays,” receives a bribe from the “Jews,” but they deceive him and demand even more of what he has given back. The lady demands this money from the Old Believers. The Old Believers do not have that kind of money, and gendarmes attack their home, “seal” the icons, including the face of an angel, with sealing wax, take them away and dump them in the basement. The icon with an angel takes a look at the bishop, and it is placed in the altar. The Old Believers decide to replace the keeper - “to steal and print it out”, and “to fulfill this resolution” they choose the narrator of this story and the well-behaved youth Levontius. In the meantime, Pimen was suddenly “worn out”, and the Old Believers were attacked by “pure melancholy”, and with it an eye disease, which only the guardian icon could cure. Such piety touches Yakov Yakovlevich, the eldest among the English, to whom Markusha explains that an artist from the city will not be able to make an exact copy, to present "the type of a person of heaven." And the icon is a Stroganov drawing, and it is very different from other writings. And today, "the type of high inspiration has been lost" and "in the new schools of art, the widespread corruption of feelings is developed and the mind obeys the vanity." "Scripture is not given to everyone to comprehend, and the depicted heavenly glory greatly helps to think about money and all the glory of the earth as nothing more than an abomination before the Lord." The Old Believers themselves pray for a "Christian demise of the stomach and a good answer at a terrible judgment seat." The Englishman and his wife are so touched by such speeches that they give Markusha money, and he and the "silver-bridled" Levonty set off in search of an isographer. They reach Moscow, “the ancient Russian society of the glorious queen,” but they are not consoled by it either, believing that antiquity in Moscow is not based on “philokalia and piety, but on sheer stubbornness.” And the masters in art are sloppy, they all boast in front of each other or, “gangling together in gangs,” drink wine in taverns and praise their art “with arrogant arrogance.” Markusha is attacked by boredom, and Levontius is afraid that “temptation may overtake him,” and expresses a desire to see the angerless elder Pamva and understand what the “grace” of the dominant church is. To all Markushi’s protests that church “coffees” drink and eat rabbits, Levontii responds with his education. From Moscow, travelers go to Suzdal to look for the isographer Sevastyan, and along the road chosen by Markusha, they get lost. Levontius looks sick and refuses to go. But a small old man who appeared from the forest calls him to stand up and leads the travelers to his home. Markusha understands that this is Pamva without anger. Pamva releases the soul from Levontius, “like a dove from a cage,” and the boy dies. Markusha cannot blame the elder: “this man with such humility is irresistible,” but he decides that “if there are only two such people in the church, then we are lost, for this one is all animated by love.” When Markusha is walking through the forest, Pamva appears to him again and says: “An angel lives in his soul, but is sealed, and love will free him.” Markusha runs away from the elder and meets the isographer Sevastyan, with whom he returns to the artel. To test the skill of the isographer, Yakov Yakovlevich asks him to paint an icon for his wife. Sevastyan learns that the Englishwoman is praying for children, and paints the icon with such subtlety of “fine-grained” writing that the British have never heard of. But he refuses to copy the portrait of an Englishwoman into a ring, so as not to “humiliate” his art. Yakov Yakovlevich asks Vladyka to return the angel to the artel for a while in order to gild the robe on the imprinted angel and decorate the crown. But the bishop gives only the robe. Sebastian explains to the Englishman that a genuine icon is needed. At first, he kicks out the iconographer, but then he himself volunteers to commit theft and arranges that, while the vigil is going on at the bishop, they write a copy, remove the old icon from the old board, insert fakes, and Yakov Yakovlevich could put it on the window again, as if nothing had happened . The Englishman takes with him the strong-willed kovach Maroy, so that he takes all the blame and "suffers death" if the Old Believers are deceived. The treaty is based on "mutual trust". The "action" is successful, but Sevastyan refuses to stamp the copy, and the Englishwoman has to do it. At this time, the ice breaks, and in order to cross to the other side in time, Luka, to the singing of the Old Believers, crosses the river along the bridge chain. Maroy sees a glow above him and guarded by angels. The sealing wax disappears on the copy of the icon, and Luka rushes to confess to the bishop, who replies that the Old Believers "broke the seal from their angel, and the other removed it from himself and brought you here." The Old Believers requested by the bishop "commune the body and blood of the Savior at mass." And along with them, Markush, who, after meeting with the elder Pamva, "has an inclination to become animated with all Russia." To the surprise of travelers about the disappeared seal, Markush says that the seal of the Englishwoman was paper and fell out. Against the fact that everything happened in the usual manner, the Old Believers do not argue: "it does not matter in what ways the Lord will exact a person, if only he will exact it." Markusha congratulates everyone on the New Year and asks for the forgiveness of Christ for his own sake, ignoramus. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina The Enchanted Wanderer. Tale (1873) On the way to Valaam, several travelers meet on Lake Ladoga. One of them, dressed in a novice cassock and looking like a “typical hero,” says that, having “God’s gift” for taming horses, he, according to his parents’ promise, died all his life and could not die. At the request of the travelers, the former horseman ("I am a horseman, sir, <...> I am an expert in horses and was with repairmen for their guidance," the hero himself says about himself) Ivan Severyanych, Mr. Flyagin, tells his life. Coming from the yard people of Count K. from the Oryol province, Ivan Severyanych has been addicted to horses since childhood and once “for fun” beats a monk to death on a wagon. The monk appears to him at night and reproaches him for taking his life without repentance. He also tells Ivan Severyanych that he is the “promised” son of God, and gives a “sign” that he will die many times and will never die before the real “death” comes and Ivan Severyanych goes to Chernetsy. Soon, Ivan Severyanych, nicknamed Golovan, saves his masters from inevitable death in a terrible abyss and falls into mercy. But he cuts off the tail of the owner's cat, which drags pigeons from him, and as punishment he is severely flogged, and then sent to "an English garden for a path to beat stones with a hammer." The last punishment of Ivan Severyanych "tormented", and he decides to commit suicide. The rope prepared for death is cut off by the gypsies, with whom Ivan Severyanych leaves the count, taking horses with him. Ivan Severyanych parted ways with the gypsy, and, having sold a silver cross to an official, he received a leave of absence and was hired as a "nanny" to the little daughter of a gentleman. For this work, Ivan Severyanych is very bored, leads the girl and the goat to the river bank and sleeps over the estuary. Here he meets the lady, the mother of the girl, who begs Ivan Severyanych to give her the child, but he is relentless and even fights with the current husband of the lady, an officer-lancer. But when he sees the angry approaching owner, he gives the child to his mother and runs with them. The officer sends the passportless Ivan Severyanych away, and he goes to the steppe, where the Tatars drive horse shoals. Khan Dzhankar sells his horses, and the Tatars set prices and fight for horses: they sit opposite each other and beat each other with whips. When a new handsome horse is put up for sale, Ivan Severyanych does not hold back and, speaking for one of the repairmen, traps the Tatar to death. According to "Christian custom", he is taken to the police for murder, but he runs away from the gendarmes to the very "Ryn-sands". The Tatars "bristle" Ivan Severyanych's legs so that he does not run away. Ivan Severyanych moves only by crawling, serves as a doctor among the Tatars, yearns and dreams of returning to his homeland. He has several wives "Natasha" and children "Kolek", whom he regrets, but he admits to the listeners that he could not love them, because they are "unbaptized". Ivan Severyanych completely despairs of getting home, but Russian missionaries come to the steppe "to establish their faith." They preach, but refuse to pay a ransom for Ivan Severyanych, arguing that before God "everyone is equal and it's all the same." Some time later, one of them is killed, Ivan Severyanych buries him according to Orthodox custom. He explains to the listeners that "an Asian must be brought to faith with fear," because they "will never respect a humble god without a threat." The Tatars bring two people from Khiva who come to buy horses in order to "make war". Hoping to intimidate the Tatars, they demonstrate the power of their fiery god Talafy, but Ivan Severyanych discovers a box with fireworks, introduces himself as Talafy, converts the Tatars to Christianity and, having found "caustic earth" in the boxes, heals his legs. In the steppe, Ivan Severyanych meets a Chuvashin, but refuses to go with him, because he simultaneously reveres both the Mordovian Keremet and the Russian Nicholas the Wonderworker. There are Russians on the way, they cross themselves and drink vodka, but they drive away the “passportless” Ivan Severyanich. In Astrakhan, the wanderer ends up in prison, from where he is taken to his hometown. Father Ilya excommunicates him from communion for three years, but the count, who has become a pious man, lets him go “on quitrent,” and Ivan Severyanych gets a job in the horse department. After he helps the men choose a good horse, he becomes famous as a sorcerer, and everyone demands to tell him the “secret”. Including one prince, who takes Ivan Severyanych to his position as a coneser. Ivan Severyanych buys horses for the prince, but periodically he has drunken “outings”, before which he gives the prince all the money for safekeeping for purchases. When the prince sells his beautiful horse to Dido, Ivan Severyanych is very sad and “makes a come out,” but this time he keeps the money to himself. He prays in church and goes to a tavern, where he meets a “very empty” man who claims that he drinks because he “voluntarily took on weakness” so that it would be easier for others, and his Christian feelings do not allow him to stop drinking. A new acquaintance puts magnetism on Ivan Severyanych to free him from “zealous drunkenness”, and at the same time gives him a lot of water. At night, Ivan Severyanych ends up in another tavern, where he spends all his money on the beautiful singing gypsy Grushenka. Having obeyed the prince, he learns that the owner himself gave fifty thousand for Grushenka, bought her from the camp and settled her in his house. But the prince is a fickle man, he gets tired of the “love word”, the “yakhont emeralds” make him sleepy, and besides, all his money runs out. Having gone to the city, Ivan Severyanych overhears the prince's conversation with his former mistress Yevgenia Semyonovna and learns that his master is going to marry, and wants to marry the unfortunate and sincerely loved Grushenka to Ivan Severyanych. Returning home, he does not find the gypsy, whom the prince secretly takes to the forest to the bee. But Grusha escapes from her guards and, threatening that she will become a "shameful woman", asks Ivan Severyanych to drown her. Ivan Severyanych fulfills the request, and in search of an imminent death, he pretends to be a peasant son and, having given all the money to the monastery as a "contribution for Grushin's soul", goes to war. He dreams of dying, but "neither earth nor water wants to accept", and having distinguished himself in business, he tells the colonel about the murder of a gypsy. But these words are not confirmed by the sent request, he is promoted to an officer and dismissed with the Order of St. George. Taking advantage of the colonel's letter of recommendation, Ivan Severyanych gets a job as a "reference officer" at the address desk, but falls on the insignificant letter "fit", the service does not go well, and he goes to the artists. But rehearsals take place during Holy Week, Ivan Severyanych gets to portray the "difficult role" of the demon, and besides, intercede for the poor "gentlewoman", he "pulls the whirlwinds" of one of the artists and leaves the theater for the monastery. According to Ivan Severyanych, monastic life does not bother him, he stays there with horses, but he does not consider it worthy to take senior tonsure and lives in obedience. To the question of one of the travelers, he says that at first a demon appeared to him in a "seductive female form", but after fervent prayers only small demons, "children", remained. Once Ivan Severyanych kills a demon with an ax, but he turns out to be a cow. And for another deliverance from demons, he is put in an empty cellar for a whole summer, where Ivan Severyanych discovers the gift of prophecy in himself. Ivan Severyanych ends up on the ship because the monks let him go to pray in Solovki to Zosima and Savvaty. The Stranger admits that he expects an imminent death, because the spirit inspires him to take up arms and go to war, and he "wants to die for the people." Having finished the story, Ivan Severyanych falls into quiet concentration, once again feeling the influx of a mysterious broadcasting spirit, which is revealed only to babies. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina The tale of the Tula oblique Lefty and the steel flea. Workshop legend. Story (1881) After the end of the Vienna Council, Emperor Alexander Pavlovich decides "to travel around Europe and see miracles in different states." The Don Cossack Platov, who is with him, is not surprised by the "curiosities", because he knows that in Russia "his own is no worse." In the very last cabinet of curiosities, among the “nymphosoria” collected from all over the world, the sovereign buys a flea, which, although small, can “danse” dance. Soon Alexander “got melancholy from military affairs,” and he returned to his homeland, where he died. Nikolai Pavlovich, who ascended the throne, values the flea, but, since he does not like to give in to foreigners, he sends Platov along with the flea to the Tula masters. Three Tula residents volunteer to support Platov “and with him all of Russia.” They go to venerate the icon of St. Nicholas, and then lock themselves in the house of the oblique Lefty, but even after finishing the work, they refuse to give Platov the “secret”, and he has to take Lefty to St. Petersburg. Nikolai Pavlovich and his daughter Alexandra Timofeevna discover that the “abdominal machine” in the flea does not work. An angry Platov executes and scolds Lefty, but he does not admit to the damage and advises him to look at the flea through the most powerful “small scope”. But the attempt turns out to be unsuccessful, and Lefty orders “to put just one leg under a microscope in detail.” Having done this, the sovereign sees that the flea is “shod on horseshoes.” And Lefty adds that with a better “small scope” one could see that on every horseshoe the “master’s name” is displayed. And he himself forged carnations that were impossible to see. Platov asks Levsha for a petition. The left-hander is washed in the “Tulyanovskie Baths”, shaved and “shaped”, as if he had some kind of “common rank”, and sent to take the flea as a gift to the British. On the road, Lefty eats nothing, “supporting” himself with wine alone, and sings Russian songs throughout Europe. When questioned by the British, he admits: “We have not gone deep into the sciences, and therefore the flea no longer dances, only those who are faithful to their fatherland.” Lefty refuses to stay in England, citing his parents and the Russian faith, which is “the most correct.” The English cannot seduce him with anything, then with an offer to marry, which Lefty rejects and speaks disapprovingly of the clothes and thinness of English women. In English factories, Lefty notices that the workers are well-fed, but most of all he is interested in the condition of the old guns. Soon Lefty begins to feel sad and, despite the approaching storm, boards the ship and without looking away looks towards Russia. The ship goes out into the “Terraline Sea”, and Lefty makes a bet with the skipper who will outdrink whom. They drink until the Riga Dynaminde, and when the captain locks the disputants, they already see devils in the sea. In St. Petersburg, the Englishman is sent to the embassy house, and Lefty is sent to the quarter, where they demand his document, take away his gifts, and then take him in an open sleigh to the hospital, where “everyone of an unknown class is accepted to die.” The next day, the “Aglitsky” half-skipper swallows the “cutta-percha” pill and, after a short search, finds his Russian “comrade”. Lefty wants to say two words to the sovereign, and the Englishman goes to “Count Kleinmichel,” but the half-speaker doesn’t like his words about Lefty: “even though Ovechkin’s fur coat is a man’s soul.” The Englishman is sent to the Cossack Platov, who “has simple feelings.” But Platov finished his service, received “full poppletion” and sent him to “Commandant Skobelev.” He sends a doctor from the clergy of Martyn-Solsky to Leftsha, but Leftsha is already “ending”, asks to tell the sovereign that the British don’t clean their guns with bricks, otherwise they are not suitable for shooting, and “with this fidelity” he crosses himself and dies. The doctor reports Lefty’s last words to Count Chernyshev, but he does not listen to Martyn-Solsky, because “in Russia there are generals for this,” and the guns continue to be cleaned with bricks. And if the emperor had heard the words of Lefty, then the Crimean War would have ended differently Now these are already "deeds of bygone days", but the tradition must not be forgotten, despite the "epic character" of the hero and the "fabulous warehouse" of the legend. The name of Lefty, like many other geniuses, has been lost, but the folk myth about him accurately conveyed the spirit of the era. And although the machines do not condone "aristocratic prowess", the workers themselves remember the old days and their epic with a "human soul", with pride and love. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina Stupid artist. Tale at the Grave (1883) This author hears the story from the nanny of his younger brother Lyubov Onisimovna, a former beautiful actress of the Oryol theater of Count Kamensky. On Trinity Sunday she takes the author to the cemetery, where at a simple grave she tells the story of the “stupid artist” Arkady. Arkady, a hairdresser and make-up artist, does the hair of all the count's serf artists. He himself is a “man with ideas,” in other words, an artist, a handsome man, and even the count loves him, but he keeps him in the greatest severity and no one except him is allowed to use Arkady’s services. The Count is very bad “through his constant anger” and immediately resembles all animals. In the same theater, Lyubov Onisimovna sings in choirs, dances and knows all the roles in tragic plays. Arkady and Lyubov Onisimovna love each other, but dating is completely impossible: the covenant of chastity, immutable for actresses, can only be violated by the count himself. At this time, the count organizes a performance in honor of the sovereign passing through Orel. The actress who is supposed to play the “Duchess de Bourblian” hurts her leg, and Lyubov Onisimovna gets her role. And in addition, camemarine earrings from the count - a “flattering and disgusting” gift - the first sign of the special honor of being elevated to “odalisque” and delivered to the count’s quarters. Meanwhile, the “fatal and tempting matter” creeps up on Arkady. A brother comes to the count from the village, even more scary and overgrown. He calls all the barbers and orders them to cut their hair like their brother, threatening to kill anyone who cuts it. But the barbers answer that only Arkady can bring him into a good appearance. To circumvent the rule of Count Kamensky, his brother calls Arkashka to him, ostensibly in order to cut the poodle's hair. Arkady, despite the threat of pistols and being in the gloomiest mood because of what was in store for Lyubov Onisimovna, tonsured the count's brother. And Lyubov Onisimovna promises to take her away. During the performance, Kamensky behaves kindly, which foreshadows a thunderstorm, and after the performance, when Arkady comes to comb Lyubov Onisimovna’s head “in an innocent style, as indicated in the paintings of Saint Cecilia,” six people are waiting for him at the door to take him to “torture” in secret cellars that are connected under the entire house. But Arkady grabs Lyubov Onisimovna, breaks out the window, and they run. But they are given a chase, and the lovers agree that they agree to die if they fail to escape the chase. And they themselves go to the priest, who officiates “desperate weddings.” But even the priest is afraid of the count’s cruelty and betrays them. The fugitives are taken back, and “the people where they meet, everyone makes way - they think, maybe, there is a wedding.” Upon arrival, Lyubov Onisimovna is asked how long they were alone. Arkady is tormented just under the “dead body” of Lyubov Onisimovna, who cannot stand it and falls unconscious. And she comes to her senses in the calf yard, where she was sent on suspicion of insanity under the supervision of the old woman Drosida. Drosida often touches the “terrible bottle”, which contains “poison for oblivion,” but does not give it to Lyubov Onisimovna. She also reports that the count is giving Arkady up to become a soldier, but because he was not afraid of the count’s brother’s pistols, she provides him with a letter to serve as a regimental sergeant and to be sent straight to war. Lyubov Onisimovna believes the story and for three years every night she sees Arkady Ilyich fighting in her dreams. Because of the illness of her legs, she is no longer returned to the theater, and she becomes the same "snooty" as Drosis. One day, a stone wrapped in a piece of paper from Arkady falls into her window. He writes that he has returned, received an officer's rank, and will take all the money he has to the count with a request for the ransom of Lyubov Onisimovna and in the hope of marrying her. Love prays to God all night, because it is afraid that, although Arkady is now an officer, the count will beat him again. And the next morning he learns that the innkeeper robbed and stabbed an officer at night. As soon as Lyubov Onisimovna hears this, then immediately "off with your feet." The governor himself comes to the funeral and calls Arkady a "bolyarin". And Lyubov Onisimovna becomes addicted to the “little litter” for a long time, and already in the memory of the author, she is applied to it at night. The author admits that he has never seen a more terrible and soul-rending commemoration in his entire life. Author of the retelling: Yu. S. Chuprinina << Back: Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy 1828-1910 (Childhood. Tale (1852). Adolescence. Tale (1854). Youth. Tale (1857). Two Hussars. Tale (1856). Cossacks. Caucasian Tale of 1852 (1853-1862, unfinished, published 1863). War and the world. Novel (1863-1869, 1st ed. 1867-1869). Anna Karenina. Novel (1873-1877). Canvas meter. History of a horse. Story (1863-1885). Death of Ivan Ilyich. Tale (1884 -1886). The power of darkness, or Claw stuck, the whole bird is lost. Drama (1886). Fruits of enlightenment. Comedy (1889). Kreutzer Sonata. Tale (1887-1889, published 1890). Resurrection. Novel (1889-1899) . Living corpse. Drama (1900, unfinished, published 1911). Hadji Murad. Tale (1896-1904, published 1912)) >> Forward: Nikolai Gerasimovich Pomyalovsky 1835-1863 (Molotov. Tale (1861). Essays on the bursa (1862-1863))
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