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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Brief summary of works of Russian literature of the 1817th century. Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy 1875-XNUMX
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy 1817 - 1875 Prince Silver. The Tale of the Times of Ivan the Terrible (late 1840s - 1861) Beginning the narrative, the author declares that his main goal is to show the general character of the era, its customs, concepts, beliefs, and therefore he allowed deviations from history in detail - and concludes that his most important feeling was indignation: not so much with John as on a society that is not indignant at him. In the summer of 1565, the young boyar Prince Nikita Romanovich Serebryany, returning from Lithuania, where he spent five years trying to sign a peace for many years and was not successful in doing so due to the evasiveness of Lithuanian diplomats and his own straightforwardness, drives up to the village of Medvedevka and finds festive fun there . Suddenly the guardsmen come, cut down the men, catch the girls and burn the village. The prince takes them for robbers, ties them up and flogs them, despite the threats of their leader, Matvey Khomyak. Having ordered his soldiers to take the robbers to the governor, he sets off further with the eager Mikheich, two prisoners he captured from the guardsmen undertake to accompany him. In the forest, turning out to be robbers, they protect the prince and Mikheich from their own comrades, take them to the miller for the night, and, one calling himself Vanyukha Ring, the other Kite, they leave. Prince Afanasy Vyazemsky comes to the mill and, considering the Melnikovs’ guests to be asleep, curses his unrequited love, demands love herbs, threatening the miller, forces him to find out if he has a lucky rival, and, having received a too definite answer, leaves in despair. His sweetheart Elena Dmitrievna, the daughter of the devious Pleshcheev-Ochin, having been orphaned in order to avoid Vyazemsky’s harassment, found salvation in marriage to the old boyar Druzhina Adreevich Morozov, although she had no disposition towards him, loving Serebryany and even giving him his word - but Serebryany was in Lithuania. John, patronizing Vyazemsky, angry with Morozov, dishonors him, offering to sit below Godunov at the feast, and, having received a refusal, declares him disgraced. Meanwhile, in Moscow, the returning Serebryany sees many guardsmen, impudent, drunken and robbers, stubbornly calling themselves “the king’s servants.” The blessed Vasya he meets calls him brother, also a holy fool, and predicts bad things for the boyar Morozov. The prince goes to him, his old friend and his parents’ friend. He sees Elena in the garden wearing a married kokoshnik. Morozov talks about the oprichnina, denunciations, executions and the tsar’s move to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, where, according to Morozov, Serebryany is going to certain death. But, not wanting to hide from his king, the prince leaves, having spoken with Elena in the garden and suffering mentally. Observing pictures of terrible changes along the way, the prince arrives at Sloboda, where he sees chopping blocks and gallows among luxurious chambers and churches. While Serebryany is waiting in the yard for permission to enter, young Fyodor Basmanov poisons him, for fun, with a bear. The unarmed prince is saved by Maxim Skuratov, the son of Malyuta. During the feast, the invited prince wonders if the tsar knows about Medvedevka, how he will show his anger, and marvels at the terrible environment of John. The king favors one of the prince's neighbors with a cup of wine, and he dies, poisoned. The prince is also favored, and he fearlessly drinks good, fortunately, wine. In the middle of a luxurious feast, the tsar tells Vyazemsky a fairy tale, in the allegories of which he sees his love story and guesses the tsar's permission to take Elena away. The rumpled Khomyak appears, tells the incident in Medvedevka and points to Serebryany, who is being dragged to be executed, but Maxim Skuratov stands up for him, and the returned prince, having told about the atrocities of the Khomyak in the village, is forgiven - until the next, however, guilt and swears not to hide from the king in case of his anger, but meekly await punishment. At night, Maxim Skuratov, talking to his father and not finding understanding, secretly flees, and the king, frightened by the stories of his mother Onufrevna about the hellish hell and the thunderstorm that began, is visited by the images of those killed by him. Raising the guardsmen with the gospel, dressed in a monastic cassock, he serves matins. Tsarevich John, who took his worst features from his father, constantly ridicules Malyuta causes his revenge: Malyuta introduces him to the king as a conspirator, and he orders, having kidnapped the prince on a hunt, to kill and throw him to avert his eyes in the forest near Poganaya Puddle. A gang of robbers gathering there at that time, among which Ring and Korshun, accepts replenishment: a guy from near Moscow and the second, Mitka, a clumsy fool with truly heroic strength, from near Kolomna. The ring tells about his acquaintance, the Volga robber Ermak Timofeevich. The sentinels report the approach of guardsmen. Prince Serebryany in Sloboda talks with Godunov, not being able to understand the subtleties of his behavior: how, seeing the mistakes of the king, should he not tell him about it? Mikheich comes running, having seen the prince captured by Malyuta and Khomyak, and Serebryany gives chase. Further, an old song is woven into the narrative, interpreting the same event. Having overtaken Malyuta, Serebryany gives him a slap in the face and enters into battle with the guardsmen, and the robbers come to the rescue. The guardsmen were beaten, the prince was safe, but Malyuta and Khomyak fled. Soon, Vyazemsky comes to Morozov with guardsmen, allegedly to announce that he has been removed from disgrace, but in fact to take Elena away. Silver, invited for the sake of such joy, also comes. Morozov, who heard his wife's love speeches in the garden, but did not see the interlocutor, believes that this is Vyazemsky or Silver, and starts a "kissing ceremony", believing that Elena's embarrassment will betray her. Silver penetrates his plan, but is not free to avoid the rite. Kissing Silver, Elena loses her senses. By evening, in Elena's bedchamber, Morozov reproaches her with treason, but Vyazemsky bursts in with his henchmen and takes her away, badly wounded by Serebryany, however. In the forest, weakened by his wounds, Vyazemsky loses consciousness, and the distraught horse brings Elena to the miller, and he, having guessed who she is, hides her, guided not so much by his heart as by calculation. Soon the guardsmen bring the bloodied Vyazemsky, the miller speaks blood to him, but, having frightened the guardsmen with all kinds of devilry, he turns them away from the night. The next day, Mikheich arrives, looking for a ring from Vanyukha sewn up for the prince, thrown into prison by guardsmen. The miller shows the way to the Ring, promising Mikheich upon his return some kind of firebird. After listening to Mikheich, Ring with Uncle Korshun and Mitka set off for Sloboda. Malyuta and Godunov come to Serebryany’s prison for interrogation. Malyuta, insinuating and affectionate, amused by the prince’s disgust, wants to return the slap to him, but Godunov holds him back. The Tsar, trying to distract himself from thoughts about Serebryany, goes hunting. There his gyrfalcon Adragan, who at first distinguished himself, falls into a rage, destroys the falcons themselves and flies away; Trishka is equipped to search with appropriate threats. On the road, the king meets blind songwriters and, anticipating the fun and boredom of the former storytellers, orders them to appear in their chambers. This is the Ring with the Kite. On the way to Sloboda, Korshun tells the story of his crime, which has deprived him of sleep for twenty years, and foreshadows his imminent death. In the evening, Onufrevna warns the king that the new storytellers are suspicious, and, having placed guards at the doors, he calls them. Ring, often interrupted by John, starts new songs and fairy tales and, having begun the story about the Dove Book, notices that the king has fallen asleep. There are prison keys at the head of the room. However, the supposedly sleeping king calls for the guards, who, having grabbed the Kite, let the Ring go. He, running away, stumbles upon Mitka, who opened the prison without any keys. The prince, whose execution is scheduled for the morning, refuses to run, remembering his oath to the king. He is taken away forcibly. About this time, Maxim Skuratov, wandering, comes to the monastery, asks to confess, accuses himself of dislike for the sovereign, disrespect for his father, and receives forgiveness. Soon he leaves, intending to repel the raids of the Tatars, and meets Tryphon with the captured Adragan. He asks him to bow to his mother and not tell anyone about their meeting. In the forest, Maxim is captured by robbers. A good half of them rebels, dissatisfied with the loss of Korshun and the acquisition of Silver, and demands a trip to Sloboda for robbery - the prince is being incited to do so. The prince frees Maxim, takes command of the villagers and convinces them to go not to Sloboda, but to the Tatars. The captive Tatar leads them to the camp. With the cunning invention of the Ring, they manage to crush the enemy at first, but the forces are too unequal, and only the appearance of Fyodor Basmanov with a motley army saves Serebryany’s life. Maxim, with whom they fraternized, dies. At a feast in Basmanov's tent, Serebryany reveals all the duplicity of Fyodor, a brave warrior, a crafty slanderer, an arrogant and base tsar's henchman. After the defeat of the Tatars, the band of robbers is divided in two: part goes into the forests, part, together with Serebryany, goes to Sloboda for royal forgiveness, and the Ring with Mitka, through the same Sloboda, to the Volga, to Yermak. In Sloboda, the jealous Basmanov slanders Vyazemsky and accuses him of witchcraft. Morozov appears, complaining about Vyazemsky. At a confrontation, he declares that Morozov himself attacked him, and Elena left of her own free will. The tsar, wishing Morozov's death, assigns them the "judgment of God": to fight in Sloboda with the condition that the defeated will be executed. Vyazemsky, fearing that God would give victory to old Morozov, goes to the miller to speak a saber and finds, remaining unnoticed, there Basmanov, who has come for grass with a tirlich to enter the royal mercy. Having spoken the saber, the miller tells fortunes in order to find out, at the request of Vyazemsky, his fate, and sees pictures of terrible executions and his impending death. The day of the fight comes. Among the crowd are a ring with Mitka. Having ridden against Morozov, Vyazemsky falls from his horse, his former wounds open, and he tears off Melnikov's amulet, which should ensure victory over Morozov. He exposes instead of himself Matvey Khomyak. Morozov refuses to fight the hireling and looks for a replacement. Mitka is summoned, having recognized the kidnapper of the bride in Khomyak. He refuses the saber and kills Hamster with the shaft given to him for laughing. Calling on Vyazemsky, the tsar shows him the amulet and accuses him of witchcraft against himself. In prison, Vyazemsky says that he saw her at the sorcerer Basmanov, who was plotting the death of John. Not waiting for the bad Basmanov, opening his amulet on his chest, the tsar plunges him into prison. To Morozov, invited to the royal table, John offers again a place after Godunov, and after listening to his rebuke, he favors Morozov with a clownish caftan. The caftan is put on by force, and the boyar, as a jester, tells the tsar everything that he thinks about him, and warns what damage to the state, in his opinion, John's reign will turn out to be. The day of execution comes, terrible weapons grow on Red Square and people gather. Morozov, Vyazemsky, Basmanov, the father, whom he pointed out in torture, the miller, Korshun and many others were executed. The holy fool Vasya, who appeared among the crowd, reads to execute him too and incurs the royal wrath. The people do not allow the blessed to be killed. After the executions, Prince Serebryany comes to Sloboda with a detachment of villagers and first comes to Godunov. He, partly timid of his relations with the royal opalnik, but noting that after the execution the king was softening up, announces the voluntary return of the prince and brings him. The prince says that he was taken from prison against his will, talks about the battle with the Tatars and asks for mercy for the villagers, reprimanding them for the right to serve wherever they choose, but not in the oprichnina, among the “kromeshniks”. He himself also refuses to fit into the oprichnina, the tsar appoints him as a governor of a guard regiment, into which he assigns his own robbers, and loses interest in him. The prince sends Mikheich to the monastery, where Elena has retired, in order to keep her from taking monastic vows, informing her of his imminent arrival. While the prince and the villagers swear allegiance to the tsar, Mikheich gallops to the monastery where he delivered Elena from the miller. Thinking about future happiness, Serebryany follows, but when they meet, Mikheich reports that Elena has cut her hair. The prince goes to the monastery to say goodbye, and Elena, who has become sister Evdokia, explains that there is Morozov’s blood between them and they could not be happy. Having said goodbye, Serebryany and his detachment set off to carry out patrol, and only the consciousness of the duty being performed and an unclouded conscience preserves for him some kind of light in life. Years pass, and many of Morozov's prophecies come true, John suffers defeats on his borders, and only in the east his possessions expand through the efforts of the squad of Yermak and Ivan Kolts. Having received gifts and a letter from the Stroganov merchants, they reach the Ob. An embassy arrives for John Ermakov. Ivan Koltso, who brought him, turns out to be a Ring, and by his companion Mitka, the tsar recognizes him and grants him forgiveness. As if wanting to appease the Ring, the king calls on his former comrade, Silver. But the governors answer that he died seventeen years ago. At the feast of Godunov, who has entered into great power, the Ring tells many wonderful things about the conquered Siberia, returning with a saddened heart to the deceased prince, drinking in his memory. Concluding the story, the author calls for forgiveness for Tsar John of his atrocities, for he is not alone responsible for them, and notices that people like Morozov and Serebryany also often appeared and were able to stand in goodness among the evil that surrounded them and go the straight path. Author of the retelling: E. V. Kharitonova Death of Ivan the Terrible. Tragedy (1862 - 1864) The action takes place in Moscow in 1584 and begins with a quarrel in the Boyar Duma: Mikhail Nagoy, brother of Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, argues for a place with Saltykov and drags the rest of the boyars into the quarrel. Zakharyin-Yuryev, the brother of the first Tsar’s wife, interrupts the debate by talking about the importance of the matter that brought them together: John, tormented by remorse after the murder of his son, decided to accept monastic orders and directed the Duma to elect a successor for himself. Meanwhile, “enemies are fighting on all sides in Rus',” and there is pestilence and famine in it. Prince Mstislavsky speaks of the tsar’s inflexibility in his decision. Nagoy offers the young Tsarevich Dmitry with the queen and, if necessary, a “ruler”, which he himself is ready to be; Sitsky - Zakharyin, who has not stained himself with anything. Zakharyin speaks for Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, now sitting in besieged Pskov. However, the king is needed immediately. Zakharyin asks for advice from Godunov, who did not worry about places and modestly sat down below everyone. He, having outlined in detail the unenviable position of the state, speaks of the impossibility of changing the king at such a time and calls on the boyars to ask John to remain on the throne. Sitsky, remembering the atrocities of the tsar, tries in vain to stop the boyars. They go to the king, deciding along the way who will speak, and fearing the sovereign’s anger. Godunov takes the risk upon himself. John, already dressed in a black cassock, having taken off Monomakh’s hat, waits in the bedchamber for the boyars’ decision and is distressed by the memory of the latest atrocity. A messenger arrives from Pskov, whom the tsar initially sends to the “new ruler,” but then, hearing that the news is good, listens to the story of repelling the assaults and Batur’s retreat from Pskov. He is given a letter from Kurbsky, in which he reproaches the tsar with an awkward style, threatens the imminent capture of Pskov, calls many of John’s atrocities the reason for his current defeats and sarcastically remembers his removal from business. John falls into a rage, because, having destroyed all of Kurbsky’s relatives, he is powerless to take out his frustration on anyone. The boyars arrive, whom the tsar greets with great irritation. After listening to Godunov’s brief speech, he puts on Monomakh’s hat, reproaching the boyars who forced him to do so, and kisses Godunov, who made bold and daring speeches “for the good of the state.” Sitsky's absence does not go unnoticed, and the tsar, not wanting to listen to intercessors, orders the execution. In the royal chambers, Godunov and Zakharyin are waiting for John, and Godunov says that the tsar, wanting to divorce the tsarina, is wooing the niece of the English queen. Outraged, Zakharyin asks how Godunov tried to dissuade John, and receives an answer that it is possible to influence John only in a roundabout way. John enters and reports on a riot in the Polish troops near Pskov and on the expectation of an ambassador from Warsaw, sent, in his opinion, to ask for peace. He orders Zakharyin to tell this message to the people. Godunov, he orders to discuss with the British ambassador the terms of the upcoming marriage. He tries to intercede for the queen and receives an angry rebuke full of threats. Left alone, Godunov reproaches himself for his apparent kindness and vows to prefer conscience to the good of the cause. In the house of Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, the boyars Mstislavsky, Belsky and the Nagy brothers conspire to destroy Godunov. They decide, taking advantage of the irritation of the people, to blame all the troubles on Godunov, and Shuisky offers Mikhail Bityagovsky to fulfill the plan. He undertakes to rebel the people and incite them to murder. Belsky proposes to send Prokofy Kikin for the same. Godunov arrives. The guests quickly disperse. Godunov complains to Shuisky that he is not loved in the Duma, Shuisky assures him of his disposition and support and leaves, suddenly called by the tsar. Godunov, left alone with Bityagovsky, reveals his perfect acquaintance with his intentions and, threatening him with unprecedented executions, sends him to the same squares to incite the people against Shuisky and Belsky, who want "the king to be poisoned with lime." Meanwhile, the tsarina does not order the tsarevich's mother to let anyone near him, and especially Godunov, she trusts only Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin. Zakharyin arrives. The queen tells him about the rumors in the palace and asks if her suspicion that the king wants to leave her with Demetrius is not true. Zakharyin asks her to be ready for anything, not to argue with the tsar and trust Godunov. John arrives with Godunov and, in anticipation of the queen who has come out to dress up, listens to the conditions of the English ambassador and asks about the Polish ambassador who arrived after Garaburd, wondering what lands Poland promises for peace, and not wanting to listen to fears about the purpose of this embassy. tonsured, he promises Demetrius the fate of the Uglichs and, having listened to the intercession of Zakharyin, threatens him with execution. In the throne room, John receives the Polish ambassador Garaburda. Batur's demands are so humiliating (to withdraw Smolensk, Polotsk, Novgorod and Pskov from the land of the Livonian regiment and give Poland to Poland) that, with a general murmur, the tsar falls into a rage and, having listened to the invitation of the Polish king to single combat, is going to bait his ambassador with dogs and throws at him axe. Garaburda notices that John does not know the news about the crushing of the Russian regiments on the border, about the capture of Narova by the Swedes and about their joint campaign against Novgorod with Batur, and, having promised John a meeting with the king in Moscow, leaves. Godunov, who ran in, confirms all the reports of Garaburda, but the tsar orders the false messengers to be hanged and victorious prayers to be served in all churches. On the square in Zamoskvorechye, the crowd is agitated in front of the storehouse, indignant at the price of bread, the bailiffs taking bribes, and the fact that the tsar does not execute the offenders. Kikin appears, dressed as a wanderer, blames Godunov and refers to God's sign, the "bloody, tailed star." He says that in Kiev he saw a miracle: the St. Sophia cross on fire and a voice calling to rebel against Godunov. Voices are heard in defense of Godunov, voices calling to beat the defenders, and, finally, the voice of Bityagovsky, appearing in an open caftan with a daring song on his lips. He says that Shuisky and Belsky were going to poison the Tsar, but Godunov threw the poisoned pie to the dog. When Bityagovsky is bewildered and pointed out to the wanderer who saw the miracle, he calls him by name and says that he was sent on purpose. Grigory Godunov appears, announcing that Boris Godunov is buying up all the reserves from his own treasury and tomorrow he will distribute them without money. The people rush towards Kikin. In the royal chambers, the queen, Godunov's sister Irina and his wife Maria look at the comet. The king looks at her from the porch. Magi and sorcerers were brought to figure out why the comet appeared. John appears and declares that he has understood the sign: the comet announces his death. He asks the queen for forgiveness and, wanting to know exactly the time of his death, so as not to die without repentance, calls on the Magi. They call it Kirillin's day. At the request of Tsar Godunov, he reads the synodikum, which lists his victims, John supplements the list. A butler arrives from Sloboda with the message that the palace burned down from a lightning strike on a winter day. Shocked, John asks everyone for forgiveness, prays frantically and asks Fyodor how he is going to rule, but Fyodor asks to put someone else in charge. They bring two letters: about the Khan’s approach to Moscow and the uprising around Kazan. They bring in a schema-monk who has lived in seclusion for thirty years. John, left alone with him, talks about the disasters that befell Rus' and asks for advice. The schema-monk names many people capable of resisting the enemy - all of them were destroyed by the king. He talks about the prince, but the prince is also dead. Having seen off the schema-monk, John forces the boyars Mstislavsky, Belsky, Zakharyin and Godunov to kiss the cross that they will serve Fedor, and appoints Ivan Petrovich Shuisky as the fifth, if he survives near Pskov. He sends ambassadors to Lithuania to make peace with Batur on the most humiliating terms, believing that after his death Batur will demand even more, and wanting to atone for his sins with his unheard-of humiliation. On Kirillin the day is better for the Tsar. Godunov secretly calls the sorcerers, and they say that the day is not over yet. The royal throne is predicted for Godunov, the three stars separating him from greatness and his main mysterious opponent are remembered (“weak, but powerful - innocent, but guilty - himself and not himself”, “killed, but alive”). Doctor Jacobi arrives, answering Godunov that the Tsar must be protected from irritation, and for this purpose Belsky called the buffoons. Godunov receives Bityagovsky and learns that the people are embittered against Shuisky and Belsky. Meanwhile, John is examining the treasures, looking for gifts for the English queen and bride, a jester is hovering near the king, and in the neighboring chambers the buffoons are waiting for a sign. The next day the Tsar schedules the execution of the Magi and sends Boris to announce this to them. He is triumphant, but suspicious and prone to irritation; sitting down to play chess with Belsky, he drops the king. Godunov returns and, driving the Tsar into a frenzy with meaningful silence, announces the answer of the Magi that their science is reliable and that Kirillin’s day has not yet passed. In anger, John calls Godunov a traitor, accuses him of an attempt on his life, calls the executioners and falls. General confusion. The Tsar calls for his confessor, the boyars call for doctors, and buffoons run in by mistake. John dies. The people in the square shout that the tsar was poisoned by Shuisky and Belsky, and the confused Fyodor entrusts the explanations to Godunov. Godunov sends the boyars into exile, Mstislavsky, whom Bityagovsky blames along with Nagimi for the unrest, to a monastery, Nagikh to Uglich along with the queen and Demetrius. Fyodor, sobbing, hugs Godunov. The people in the square praise both. Author of the retelling: E. V. Kharitonova Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. Tragedy (1864 - 1868) In the house of Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, in the presence of many clergy and some boyars, they decide to divorce Fyodor Ioannovich from the tsarina, Godunov's sister, thanks to whom, according to the general opinion, Boris is holding on. They make up a paper, where, remembering the infertility of the queen and the infancy of Demetrius, they ask the king to enter into a new marriage. Golovin hints to Shuisky about the possibility of putting Dimitry in place of Fedor, but receives a harsh rebuff. Princess Mstislavskaya carries the guests around, they drink Fyodor's health. Shakhovsky, Mstislavskaya's fiancé, Volokhov's matchmaker names the place of the secret meeting. Ivan Petrovich sends a petition to the metropolitan, lamenting the need to destroy the queen. Fedyuk Starkov, his butler, reports what he has seen to Godunov. He, having received information from Uglich about Golovin's relationship with Nagimi and seeing a threat to his power, announces to his supporters, Lup-Kleshnin and Prince Turenin, about the decision to reconcile with Shuisky. Fyodor comes, complaining about the bucking horse. Empress Irina appears, to whom Fyodor slyly informs about the beautiful Mstislavskaya, whom he saw in the church, and immediately assures the queen that she is the most beautiful for him. Godunov speaks of his desire to reconcile with Shuisky, and the tsar happily undertakes to arrange the matter. Fyodor announces his intention to reconcile Godunov with Shuisky and asks for help from Metropolitan Dionysius and other clergy. Dionysius reproaches Godunov for oppressing the church, condescending to heretics and resuming the collection of taxes, from which the church was freed. Godunov presents him with letters of protection and informs him of the ongoing persecution of heresy. The Tsar asks for support from Irina and the boyars. Accompanied by popular enthusiasm, Ivan Petrovich Shuisky arrives. Fyodor reproaches him for not attending the Duma, Shuisky excuses himself by the impossibility of agreeing with Godunov. Fyodor, remembering Scripture and calling clergy as witnesses, speaks of the good of reconciliation, and Godunov, submissive to him, offers Shuisky consent. Shuisky reproaches him for his reluctance to share control of the state, which John bequeathed to five boyars: Zakharyin (deceased), Mstislavsky (forcibly tonsured), Belsky (exiled), Godunov and Shuisky. Godunov, justifying himself, speaks of Shuisky’s arrogance, that he used his sole power for the benefit of Rus', for which he also provides evidence; he adds that the difficult task of putting a disordered state in order was distasteful only to Shuisky. And when Ivan Petrovich calls the metropolitan his supporter, he reports on Godunov’s actions in favor of the church and persuades Shuisky to peace. Irina, showing the cover she embroidered for the Pskov shrine, admits that this is her prayer vow for the salvation of Shuisky, who was once besieged by the Lithuanians in Pskov. The excited Shuisky is ready to forget the past enmity, but demands from Godunov guarantees of safety for his comrades. Godunov swears and kisses the cross. Elected people from the crowd brought by Shuisky are invited. Fyodor speaks to the old man and does not know how to stop him, in his nephew he recognizes the merchant Krasilnikov, who recently amused him with a bear fight, remembers his brother Golub, who defeated Shakhovsky in a fist fight - it is not immediately that Godunov and Shuisky manage to return the tsar to what the elected officials were called for . Shuisky announces reconciliation with Godunov, the merchants are worried (“You are reconciling with our heads”), Shuisky is annoyed by the distrust of the man who has just sworn on the cross. The merchants ask for protection from Tsar Godunov, but he sends them to Boris. Boris quietly orders to write down the names of the merchants. At night, in Shuisky's garden, Princess Mstislavskaya and Vasilisa Volokhova are waiting for Shakhovsky. He comes, talks about love, about the impatience with which he waits for the wedding, makes her laugh and jokes with her. Krasilnikov comes running, letting him in, Shakhovskoy hides, calls Ivan Petrovich and reports that everyone who was with the tsar was captured on the orders of Godunov. The shocked Shuisky orders to raise Moscow against Godunov. He abruptly cuts off Dimitri Golovin, who has hinted at it, and, declaring that Boris has ruined himself by deceit, goes to the tsar. The remaining boyars, meanwhile, are discussing the petition, looking for a new queen. Vasily Shuisky calls Princess Mstislavskaya. Her brother does not decide right away, wanting to find at least a reason for a quarrel with Shakhovsky. While he hesitates, Golovin enters the name of the princess in the petition. Shakhovskoy appears, declaring that he will not give up his bride. The princess is also found with Volokhova. With a general cry, mutual threats and reproaches, Shakhovskaya grabs a letter and runs away. Godunov presents state papers to the tsar, the contents of which he does not go into, but agrees with Boris's decisions. Tsarina Irina speaks of a letter from Uglich from the dowager tsaritsa with a request to return with Demetrius to Moscow. Fyodor was entrusting the matter to Boris, but Irina demands the decision of the "family matter" from him; Fedor argues with Boris and is annoyed by his stubbornness. Shuisky comes and complains about Godunov. He does not deny, explaining that the merchants are taken not for the past, but for an attempt to upset the peace between him and Shuisky. The tsar is ready to forgive Godunov, believing that they simply did not understand each other, but the adamant demand that the tsarevich be left in Uglich finally angers the tsar. Godunov says that he is giving way to Shuisky, Fyodor begs him to stay, Shuisky, stung by the behavior of the tsar, leaves. Kleshnin brings Golovin's letter forwarded from Uglich Nagim, Godunov shows it to the tsar, demanding that Shuisky be taken into custody and, perhaps, executed. If he refuses, he threatens to leave. Shocked, Fedor, after long hesitation, refuses the services of Godunov. Ivan Petrovich Shuisky consoles Princess Mstislavskaya: he will not allow her marriage to the Tsar and hopes that Shakhovskoy will not inform them. Having sent the princess away, he receives the boyars and the fleeing Krasilnikov and Golub and, assuming the removal of the feeble-minded Fyodor and the elevation of Dimitri to the throne, assigns tasks to each. The detached Godunov, sitting at home, asks Kleshnin about Volokhova and repeats many times, “so that she will spoil the prince.” Kleshnin sends Volokhova to Uglich as a new mother, orders him to take care of him and hints that if the prince suffering from epilepsy kills himself, she will not be asked. Meanwhile, Fedor cannot understand the papers presented to him. Kleshnin arrives and reports that Boris has fallen ill from frustration, and Shuisky should immediately be imprisoned for his intention to elevate Dimitri to the throne. Fedor doesn't believe it. Shuisky enters, to whom Fyodor speaks about the denunciation and asks him to justify himself. The prince refuses, the tsar insists, Kleshnin urges. Shuisky admits to rebellion. Fyodor, frightened that Godunov will punish Shuisky for treason, declares that he himself ordered the prince to be placed on the throne, and forces the shocked Shuisky out of the room. Shakhovskoy bursts into the royal chambers and asks for his bride to be returned to him. Fyodor, seeing the signature of Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, cries and does not listen to Irina’s arguments about the absurdity of the paper. Protecting Irina from insults, he signs Boris’s order, plunging both her and Shakhovsky into horror. On the bridge over the river, the old man riots for Shuisky, the guslar sings about his valor. A messenger passes by with the news of the Tatars' advance. Prince Turenin and the archers lead Shuisky to prison. The people, egged on by the old man, want to free Shuisky, but he talks about his guilt before the “holy” king and that he deserves punishment. Kleshnin reports to Godunov that the Shuiskys and their supporters have been imprisoned, and introduces Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky. He turns things around as if he started a petition for the benefit of Godunov. Realizing that Shuisky is in his hands, Godunov lets him go. Tsarina Irina comes to intercede for Ivan Petrovich. Godunov, realizing that Shuisky will not stop arguing with him, is adamant. On the square in front of the cathedral, the beggars talk about the change of the metropolitan, objectionable to Godunov, about the execution of the merchants who stood for Shuisky. Queen Irina brings Mstislavskaya to ask for Shuisky. Fyodor comes out of the cathedral, having served a memorial service for Tsar Ivan. The princess throws herself at his feet. Fyodor sends Prince Turenin for Shuisky. But Turenin reports that Shuisky strangled himself at night, he is guilty of overlooking it (because he fought off the crowd brought to the prison by Shakhovsky, and repelled it, only by shooting Shakhovsky). Fyodor rushes to Turenin, accusing him of killing Shuisky, and threatens him with execution. The messenger brings a letter from Uglich about the death of the prince. The shocked king wants to find out the truth himself. A message arrives about the approach of the Khan and the imminent siege of Moscow. Godunov offers to send Kleshnin and Vasily Shuisky, and Fyodor is convinced of Godunov's innocence. Princess Mstislavskaya speaks of her intention to get a haircut. Fyodor, on the advice of his wife, is going to transfer the entire burden of government to Boris and, remembering his intention to "agree everyone, smooth everything over", mourns his fate and his royal duty. Author of the retelling: E. V. Kharitonova Tsar Boris. Tragedy (1868 - 1869) On the day of Boris's enthronement, the boyars count the fruits of his reign: the suppressed pestilence, the completed wars, and the harvests. They marvel at how long it took to persuade Godunov to accept power, and only the threat of excommunication forced him to do so. Boris returns from the cathedral, preparing to receive ambassadors. Voeikov reports the victory over the Siberian Khan. The English ambassador offers a bride to Tsarevich Fyodor; papal nuncio - agreement on the union of churches; Austrian, Lithuanian, Swedish, Florentine ambassadors respectfully ask for help with money or troops, or for recognition of their possessions. The Persian and Turkish ambassadors accuse each other of encroaching on Iberia; the ambassador of the Iberian king asks for protection. The Tsar gives everyone an appropriate answer, full of dignity and strength, and orders everyone to be allowed into the Tsar’s chambers (“There is no barrier between the Russian people and the Tsar!”). Left alone, Boris triumphs and, remembering the death of the prince, decides: this is the inevitable price for the greatness of the state. Soon after, while waiting in the monastery cell for Irina to take her hair, Boris listens to Semyon Godunov’s reports on the Romanovs, dissatisfied with the cancellation of St. George’s Day; against Vasily Shuisky, a crafty and unreliable servant, but, confident in his strength, does not want to punish anyone. Irina appears, and Boris, reminding her of his hesitations on the path to power, asks to justify him and admit that the prosperity of Russia is worth the untruth through which he became king. Irina, approving his kingdom, demands that he not forget about his guilt and not forgive himself. Remaining each to their own, they part. In the palace, Boris's children, Fedor and Xenia, listen to the stories of Christian, the Duke of Denmark, Xenia's fiancé, about a harsh childhood, about returning to court, about battles in Flanders with the Spanish troops, but when Fedor complains about his idleness, Christian notices that his position, which allows him to study government under a wise sovereign, is much more worthy. Christian tells how he fell in love with Xenia according to the stories of ambassadors, merchants and captives, who, along with the greatness of Russia, glorified the beauty, intelligence and meekness of the princess. They talk about Boris, and everyone agrees in love for the tsar, who forgets himself for the sake of the glory and well-being of the state. All three vow to help each other. Christian asks Boris, who has entered, in case of war, to allow the Russian troops to lead, but the tsar dissuades him by the peace that has come for many years. The children leave, and Semyon Godunov, who has come, announces a rumor about the miraculously saved Tsarevich Dimitri. In her chambers, Tsaritsa Maria Grigorievna asks the deacon Vlasyev about Christian and, no matter how rude Vlasyev, she finds out that there were rumors that his father was not the king, and the older brother, who is now reigning, does not like him. Having failed to get a promise from the clerk to testify to Boris, she calls Dementievna and learns with increasing irritation that Xenia was sitting with her brother and fiancé, and the tsar welcomes the new customs. When Volokhova came, the tsarina complained that Boris had betrothed Xenia to a German without asking her, and the Germans, apparently, had beguiled the princess. Volokhova undertakes to tell fortunes, what is the strength of Christian, and crush her ("There is such a root"). In the forest, in the robber camp, ataman Khlopko receives new replenishment of the peasants, cursing Boris and the abolition of St. George's Day. The townsman appears, who, without any fear, demands the release of his companions, who were captured on the Moscow road by robber sentinels, and reports the correct news about the appearance of Tsarevich Dimitri. Posadsky incites Khlopok to go to Bryansk and there, having attached himself to the prince's troops, to receive forgiveness and fight Godunov. Mitka appears, dragging two fugitive monks, Mikhail Povadin and Grishka Otrepiev, who ask to join the Khlopkov army. When the townsman, having amused the robbers by fighting Mitka and ordering barrels of wine to be rolled out, suddenly disappears, it turns out that the monks who were walking with him do not know who he is. Boris is forced to admit that the emergence of a new enemy pushed him onto a bloody path. Semyon Godunov, ordered to find out who is hiding behind the name of Dimitri, says that even at the cost of torture he did not find out anything. They are looking for the name of Grishka Otrepiev, the fugitive Chudov monk, in order to somehow rename the enemy. Boris orders to multiply the spies and find evidence on the Romanovs and, in addition, due to the ongoing famine, distribute the treasury to the people, ordering them not to listen to fables about the prince. Tsarevich Fyodor asks to be sent to the troops, Princess Ksenia mourns the change in Boris and his manifested cruelty; Christian asks if Boris is sure of the prince’s death and retells the rumors. The children leave, the queen appears, full of causticity and irritation at Christian, who is talking to the children about the “little princess.” The king remains deaf to her demand to send Christian away. Semyon Godunov reports on the rapid advance of the traitors, on the transfer of troops to them, and on the stubborn resistance of Basmanov. Vasily Shuisky suggests that Boris go to the troops himself or send for the dowager queen to testify about the death of her son. Having ordered Shuisky to tear out the tongues of those who spread rumors, Boris sends for Dimitri’s mother. In the house of Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, the boyars Romanovs, Sitsky, Repnin and Cherkassky drink to the prince. Shuisky arrives, reports Boris’s order, they ask him about the search he carried out in Uglich, he answers vaguely. Semyon Godunov with the archers, accusing those gathered of wanting to poison the sovereign with lime, takes everyone into custody, assigning Vasily Shuisky to conduct the interrogation. Boris, who was privately reflecting on the fulfilled prediction (“Killed, but alive”), orders Shuisky to come and announce from Execution Ground that he himself saw the corpse of the prince in Uglich. Meanwhile, Christian is being pressed by advisers, explaining that he should refuse marriage with Ksenia, that Boris betrayed himself through fear, that Ksenia is the daughter of a villain and a servant. Christian, feeling a creeping faintness, believing in Boris’s guilt, does not know what to decide. Ksenia arrives, and he, confused in words and thoughts, talks about the inevitable separation, and then calls her to run away from her murderous father. Fyodor, who entered unnoticed, stands up for his father, they are going to fight, Ksenia, crying, reminds of the oath given to each other. Christian is delirious, and, considering him sick, Ksenia and Fyodor take him away. On Red Square, detectives listen to the conversations of the people walking from the memorial service for Tsarevich Dimitri (anathema to Grishka was proclaimed there). Provoking, interpreting speeches in a way suitable for them, the detectives grab almost everyone in a row. Vasily Shuisky from Execution Ground makes an ambiguous speech about the advancing enemy and talks about the search in Uglich in such a way that it remains unclear who the murdered baby was. About this time, the mother of the prince, brought from the monastery, now nun Martha, waiting for Boris and wanting to take revenge on him, decides to recognize the impostor as her son; she says that she did not see her dead son, having lost her senses, and at the memorial service, tears covered her eyes. Now, having heard about the signs of the prince who appeared, he admits that he miraculously escaped and is alive. Tsarina Maria Grigorievna, wishing to expose the deceit, introduces Volokhov. The grief that gripped Martha at the sight of her son's killer betrays her, but she refuses to recognize Demetrius' death publicly. Soon the doctor informs Boris about the deterioration of Christian's health and about his impotence. Semyon Godunov brings a letter from "Dimitri Ioannovich", in which Boris is most oppressed by the promised mercy in the event of a voluntary renunciation of the throne, and therefore, the confidence of the "thief" in universal support. Boris demands to bring the tonsured Kleshnin in order to assure himself of the death of the prince. He is called to Christian, and soon he informs Xenia and Fedor about his death. Two sentries, carrying the night guard in the throne room, hide in fear when the sleepless Boris appears. Tom imagines someone's image on the throne, and, finding sentries, he sends them to check who is sitting there. Semyon Godunov brings Kleshnin, who confirms the death of Demetrius, recalls that the term of Borisov's reign, predicted by the Magi, is coming to an end, calls him to repent and retire to the monastery. In the morning, having received from the arrived Basmanov information about a partial victory over the "thief", Boris tells Fedor about the need to be crowned on the throne and about the oath to which the boyars will be brought. Fedor renounces the throne, for he is not sure that the "thief" is not Demetrius. Boris pointedly offers to show Fyodor indisputable evidence of the death of the prince, and he, having comprehended his father's crime, in horror refuses the evidence and declares that he will accept the crown. In the dining room, waiting for Basmanov and the tsar, the boyars curse both and exchange news about the "tsarevich". Basmanov enters, complaining about his inappropriate excommunication from the troops. Boris appears with the children. Boris rewards Basmanov. The boyars, noting the sadness of Xenia, pity her and ponder what to do with her, "when he grants the kingdom." Boris demands an oath of allegiance to Fyodor and the approval of this oath in the cathedral, loses strength and falls. With general confusion, he declares that the cause of his death is not poison, but sorrow, bequeaths the boyars to observe the oath, recalls that "only evil is born from evil," and, declaring Fedor king, departs. Author of the retelling: E. V. Kharitonova << Back: Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov 1815-1869 (The Little Humpbacked Horse. Russian fairy tale in three parts (1834)) >> Forward: Alexander Vasilievich Sukhovo-Kobylin 1817-1903 (Pictures of the past. Dramatic trilogy (1852-1869, published 1869)
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