Yuri Miloslavsky, or Russians in 1612. Novel (1829)

Never before has Russia been in such a distressed situation as at the beginning of the XNUMXth century: external enemies, civil strife, unrest of the boyars threatened the destruction of the Russian land.

Moscow is in the power of the Polish king Sigismund, whose troops oppress and rob the unfortunate inhabitants. The self-will and cruelty of the Poles are not inferior to the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, devastating Russian cities. Near Moscow are the troops of the impostor, the Tushino thief, the Swedes are in charge in Novgorod and Pskov.

Beginning of April 1612. Two horsemen - the young boyar Yuri Miloslavsky with his servant Alexei - slowly make their way along the banks of the Volga. For the seventh day now, Yuri, with a letter from Pan Gonsevsky, the head of the Polish garrison in Moscow, has been on his way to the homeland of Kruchina-Shalonsky. A snowstorm led them astray, and while trying to find their way, they came across a half-frozen man. The rescued man turned out to be the Zaporozhye Cossack Kirsha. He tried to get to Nizhny Novgorod in order to try his luck and join the army; according to rumors, they were recruiting soldiers there to march against the Poles. Unnoticed by the conversation, the travelers came to the village. Several travelers had already gathered at the inn, where they hastened to take shelter from the bad weather. The appearance of the young boyar aroused their interest. Yuri is traveling from Moscow, and therefore the first question is: “Is it really true that they kissed the cross for Prince Vladislav there?” “It’s true,” Yuri replies. “<...> All of Moscow swore allegiance to the prince; he alone can stop the disaster of our ill-fated homeland.” Vladislav promised to be baptized into the Orthodox faith and, having ascended the Moscow throne, “to preserve the Russian land in its former glory and power.” “And if he keeps his promise,” the young man continues, “then I will be the first to lay down my head for him.”

The next morning, a fat Pole appears at the inn, accompanied by two Cossacks. Portraying an arrogant nobleman, the Pole began to drive the “Muscovites” out of the hut in a menacing voice. Kirsha recognizes him as Pan Kopychinsky, familiar to him from his service in the army of Hetman Sapieha and known for his cowardice. Having rummaged around in the oven, Kopychinsky discovers a roast goose there and, despite the owner’s warning that this goose is someone else’s (Aleksey put it in the oven for his owner), he begins to eat it. Yuri decides to teach the impudent Pole a lesson and, pointing a gun at him, forces him to eat the whole goose.

Having taught Kopychinsky a lesson, Yuri and his servant leave the inn. Soon Kirsha catches up with them and informs them that they are being chased - two cavalry companies of Poles approached the village, and Pan Kopychinsky assured them that Yuri was carrying the treasury to Nizhny Novgorod. Under Yuri, a horse is killed, and Kirsha, having given his stallion to the boyar, carries away the pursuit.

Fleeing from the Poles, the Cossack hides in a hut, which he stumbles upon in the thicket of the forest. This is the hut of the famous sorcerer Kudimych. So now the old woman Grigorievna from the village came to him with gifts from the young hawthorn’s nanny. Hidden in a closet, Kirsha overhears the old woman’s conversation with the sorcerer and learns that the boyar’s daughter, after visiting Moscow, where she was betrothed to a Polish gentleman, began to wither away. No other way than the fair-haired fellow, whom the servant called Yuri Dmitrievich, jinxed her. This fellow did not take his eyes off her every day as she listened to mass at the Savior on Bor. And the old woman asks the sorcerer to teach her his “leisure activities.” Kudimych teaches Grigorievna how to cast a spell on boyar canvases that have been missing for three days, and persuades the old woman to publicly point out Fedka Khomyak, in whose barn Kudimych hid them.

After the hut was empty, Kirsha went out and along the path went to the Shalonsky fatherland, where, according to Alexei, he hoped to see Yuri. Outside the village, having heard a noise, he hides in a barn pit, in which he discovers canvases. Remembering the overheard conversation, he decides to teach the "fake" sorcerer a lesson and hides the canvases at the chapel.

Coming out to the wide street of the village, Kirsha gets into the wedding train. Ahead of all is Kudimych surrounded by honor. In the hut, where the guests entered, an ugly old woman sits, muttering "barbaric words." It is Grigorievna who wants to compete in divination with Kudimych. They both tell fortunes in turn and "see" the canvases in the barn at Fedka Khomyak's. But Kirsha is a stronger sorcerer - he claims that the canvases are buried in the snow behind the chapel, where they are discovered by the astonished peasants.

Meanwhile, Yuri and his servant had already reached the home of Shalonsky. Entering the chambers of the boyar, Yuri saw in front of him a man of about fifty with a pale face, "bearing the imprint of strong, unbridled passions." Shalonsky was amazed when he met the boyar Dimitry Miloslavsky, the son of the "inveterate hater of the Poles", as a messenger from Pan Gonsevsky. From Gonsevsky's letter, Shalonsky learns that the Nizhny Novgorod people are recruiting an army, intending to oppose the Poles, and that he, Kruchin, must send Yuri to Nizhny in order to "induce the main instigators to obedience, promising them royal mercy." The example of the son of the former Nizhny Novgorod governor, who kissed the cross to Vladislav, should enlighten them.

Yuri is happy to fulfill Gonsevsky’s instructions, for he is confident that “the election of Vladislav will save our fatherland from ultimate destruction.” But, according to Shalonsky, rebels should not be pacified with kind words, but with fire and sword. Yuri's bold speeches infuriate him, and he decides to assign a secret spy to him - his eager Omlyash. Shalonsky is concerned about the health of his daughter - after all, she is the future wife of Pan Gonsevsky, the favorite of the Polish king. Having heard about the sorcerer who has put Kudimych himself under his belt, he demands him to go to the boyar’s court to treat Anastasia. Kirsha, knowing from Alexei about Yuri’s heartbreak, reveals to Anastasia the name of the fair-haired young man, whose blue eyes have jinxed her - this is Yuri Miloslavsky, and only he will be betrothed to the young hawthorn.

The miraculous recovery of his daughter delighted and surprised Shalonsky. The sorcerer is suspicious to him, and therefore, just in case, he assigns guards to him.

Having honorably maintained the glory of a skilled sorcerer, Kirsha decides to find Yuri, but finds that he is guarded. And then there's the conversation he overheard at night between Omlyash and his friend: by order of the boyar, on the way to Nizhny Novgorod, an ambush awaits Yuri at the forest ravine. Kirsha decides to run away: under the pretext of examining the argamak, which the boyar gave him for curing his daughter, he mounts a horse - and he was like that.

In the forest, the Cossack catches up with Yuri and Alexei. He tells Yuri Miloslavsky how he treated Anastasia, the daughter of Shalonsky, the same black-eyed hawthorn that crushed Yuri's heart, and reports that she also loves him. The story of the Cossack leads the young man to despair: after all, Anastasia is the daughter of a man who is deeply despised by him, a traitor to the fatherland. Meanwhile, Kirsha, driven by the desire to unite the lovers at all costs, did not even hint to Yuri about a conspiracy against him.

Soon a hefty fellow was imposed on them as a companion, in which the Cossack recognized Omlyash by voice. Shortly before the expected ambush, Kirsha stuns Omlyash and points him out as a robber. Waking up, Omlyash admits that there is an ambush of six people ahead of Yuri. Having tied the robber to a tree, the travelers moved on and soon drove to the walls of Nizhny Novgorod,

In Nizhny, Yuri and his servant stay with the boyar Istoma-Turenin, a friend of Shalonsky. Turenin, like Shalonsky, fiercely hates the “seditious town” and dreams of hanging all the Nizhny Novgorod instigators, but, unlike his friend, he knows how to hide his feelings and is known as a respected person in Novgorod. He must bring Yuri together with the local honorary citizens so that he can persuade them to be submissive to the “Russian Tsar” Vladislav.

But in the soul of Yuri vaguely. No matter how hard he tries to convince himself that his mission is to save the fatherland from the "disasters of the interregnum", he feels that he would give half his life just to appear before the Novgorodians as a simple warrior, ready to die in their ranks for the freedom and independence of Russia.

His mental anguish is aggravated when he witnesses the greatest patriotic upsurge of the Novgorodians, who, at the call of the "immortal" Kozma Minin, give up their property "for the maintenance of military people", ready to come to the aid of "orphaned Moscow". On the square where this significant event takes place, Dimitry Pozharsky was popularly elected head of the Zemstvo militia, and Minin was elected the keeper of the Nizhny Novgorod treasury. Having fulfilled his duty as an envoy of Gonsevsky at the boyar council, Yuri can no longer restrain his feelings: if he were a citizen of Novgorod, and did not kiss the cross of Vladislav, he says to the boyars, he would consider it a happiness to put his head for holy Rus'.

Four months have passed. Near the ancestral home of Shalonsky, from which only ashes remain, Aleksey and Kirsha, who leads a detachment of Cossacks, meet by chance. Aleksey, thin and pale, tells the Cossack how robbers attacked his master when they returned from the boyar council. He, Alexei, was stabbed - four weeks was between life and death, and Yuri's body was never found. But Kirsha does not believe in Miloslavsky's death. Recalling the conversation overheard at Kruchina, he is sure that Yuri is a prisoner of Shalonsky. Kirsha and Alexei decide to find him.

Kirsha finds out from Kudimych that Shalonsky and Turenin are hiding in the Murom forest on the Teply Stan farm, but immediately falls into the hands of Omlyash and his associates. And again, ingenuity comes to his aid: using his fame as a sorcerer, he looks for a treasure buried in the forest for robbers until his Cossacks come to his aid.

Now Kirsha and Alexey have a guide to Teply Stan in their hands. They arrive at the farm on time - the next day Turenin and Shalonsky were going to leave the farm, and Yuri, who was kept in chains in the dungeon, faced inevitable death. Barely alive, exhausted by hunger, Yuri was freed. He intends to go to the Sergius Lavra: bound by an oath that he cannot break, Yuri is going to take monastic vows.

In the Lavra, having met with Father Cellar Avraamy Palitsyn, Yuri relieves his soul in confession and vows to devote his life to "repentance, fasting and prayer." Now he, a novice of the elder Avraamy, fulfilling the will of his shepherd, must go to the camp of Pozharsky and take up arms "with earthly weapons against the common enemy" of the Russian land.

On the way to Pozharsky's camp, Yuri and Aleksey end up with robbers. Their leader, Father Yeremey, who knew and loved Dimitry Miloslavsky well, is going to release his son with honor, but one of the Cossacks comes with the news that the daughter of the traitor Shalonsky, she is the bride of Pan Gonsevsky, has been captured. The robbers are eager for immediate reprisal against the "heretic's" bride. Yuri is desperate. And then Father Yeremey comes to his aid: supposedly he takes the young people to church for confession and crowns them there. Now Anastasia is the legal wife of Yuri Miloslavsky, and no one dares to raise a hand against her.

Yuri took Anastasia to the Khotkovsky monastery. Their parting is full of grief and tears - Yuri told Anastasia about his vow to take monastic dignity, which means that he cannot be her husband.

The only thing that remains for Yuri is to drown his painful melancholy in the blood of his enemies or in his own. He takes part in the decisive battle with Hetman Hotchevich on August 22, 1612, helping the Novgorodians, together with his squad, turn the tide of the battle in favor of the Russians. Alexey and Kirsha fight side by side with him

Yuri is injured. His recovery coincides with the end of the siege of the Kremlin, where the Polish garrison sat out for two months. Like all Russians, he hurries to the Kremlin. With sadness and longing, Yuri crosses the threshold of the Church of the Savior on Bor - sorrowful memories torment him. But Avraamiy Palitsyn, with whom the young man meets in the temple, frees him from his monastic vow - the act of Yuri, who married Anastasia, is not perjury, but the salvation of his neighbor from death.

Thirty years have passed. At the walls of the Trinity Monastery, the Cossack foreman Kirsha and Alexey met - he is now the servant of the young boyar Vladimir Miloslavsky, the son of Yuri and Anastasia. And Yuri and Anastasia are buried here, within the walls of the monastery; they died in 1622 on the same day.

Author of the retelling: M. N. Serbul

Roslavlev, or Russians in 1812. Novel (1831)

At the end of May 1812, in St. Petersburg, on Nevsky Boulevard, two friends met - Vladimir Roslavlev and Alexander Zaretsky. Roslavlev is moping, and the cheerful Zaretsky is worried about the condition of his friend. Roslavlev is in love with Polina Lidina. But love is not the cause of melancholy: at the request of his future mother-in-law, he retired, and meanwhile, in his words, “a storm <...> is gathering over our fatherland,” the war with Napoleon is inevitable, and, as a Russian patriot, Roslavlev is extremely worries. He is also outraged by the slavish admiration of Russian society for everything French and, as a consequence, neglect of Russian customs, language, and history. The only thought that warms his soul and makes him happy is a quick date with his bride.

Roslavlev goes to the village of Uteshino near Moscow to visit the Lidins. He is full of impatience - after all, the wedding day has already been set. But the expectation of “heavenly bliss” does not make him deaf to the suffering of others. So, at one of the post stations he takes as his traveling companion the Moscow merchant Ivan Arkhipovich Sezemov, who is rushing home to his dying wife.

Approaching the village, Roslavlev meets hunters, among them Polina's uncle Nikolai Stepanovich Izhorsky. He reports that the Lidins went to the city on a visit and should return in an hour and a half.

The return of the Lidins is overshadowed by an episode that almost ended tragically: when their crew was crossing the river along a narrow bridge, the doors of the landau flew open, and Olenka, Polina's younger sister, fell into the water. If it weren’t for Roslavlev, who rushed right on his horse into the water after the drowning woman, then Olenka would certainly have died.

An accident with her sister and her subsequent illness gave Polina a reason to ask Roslavlev to postpone the wedding. Vladimir is in despair, but he idolizes his bride and therefore cannot but give in to her request.

Olenka does not recognize her sister, who "for some time has become so strange, so bizarre", and then there is her decision to postpone the wedding. Polina is no longer able to hide her secret. “Trembling like a criminal,” she confesses to Olenka that she loves another, and if he, like an inexorable fate, comes between her and her husband, then she will only have to die.

Revival reigns in Izhorsky's house. Numerous guests came to dinner. Among the guests Lidina with her daughters and Roslavlev. The main topic of conversation is the imminent war with Napoleon. Roslavlev is sure that if Napoleon decides to go to Russia, the war will inevitably become popular, and then "every Russian will be obliged to defend his fatherland."

But the war, it turns out, is already on. Roslavlev learns about this from a letter from Zaretsky, handed over to him by a police officer who came to Izhora: on June 12, French troops crossed the Neman, and the hussar captain Zaretsky, whose regiment was stationed not far from Bialystok, had already participated in the battle with the French. In this battle, Alexander further informs his friend, he managed to capture the French colonel Count Senicourt, or rather, save him from death, because, seriously wounded, Senicourt did not give up, but "fought like a desperate one." Everything has been decided for Roslavlev - one of these days he is going to the army.

Two months have passed. After another battle, the Russian rearguard settled down two miles from Drogobuzh. Among the resting warriors are Roslavlev and Zaretsky. Recalling the grave impression Zaretsky’s letter made on Polina, Vladimir says that on the way to the active army he met French prisoners, among whom was Adolphe Senicourt, who was wounded in the head. The serious condition of the French colonel allowed Roslavlev to persuade the escort officer to send Senicur to the village for treatment with the Lidins, who, as it turned out, were well known to the wounded officer; two years ago he met Lidina in Paris and often went to visit her.

Two days later, in another battle with the French, Roslavlev was wounded in the arm. Having received leave for treatment, he leaves for Uteshino to visit Polina. The wound delays Roslavlev on the way, and only two weeks later he was able to leave Serpukhov.

The road to Uteshino was washed out by rain. I had to take a detour through the cemetery. A thunderstorm starts. Roslavlev's carriage finally gets stuck in the mud. Singing is heard from the cemetery church, and intrigued Vladimir goes there, counting on someone's help. Looking out the window, he sees the wedding ceremony and, to his horror, recognizes Senicour and Polina in the bride and groom. From the greatest shock, Roslavlev's wound opens, and he, covered with blood, loses consciousness right on the threshold of the church.

Roslavlev woke up the next morning in Izhorsky's house. His only desire is to get away from these places, where he can "drown in the blood of French villains." Having learned that the French are not far from Moscow, Vladimir decides to go to Moscow, because "there, on its ruins, the fate of Russia will be decided."

The servant brings Roslavlev to Moscow, unconscious and in a fever. The merchant Sezemov hides him at home, passing him off as his son - any day now the French will enter Moscow, and then the Russian officer will be in trouble.

At the beginning of September, Zaretsky arrives in Moscow along with the retreating troops. He decides to first visit his friend in the village, and then catch up with his regiment. But on the way to Uteshino, among the militia, Alexander meets Izhorsky, from whom he learns about the tragic story of Polina’s marriage. And then Izhorsky’s servant reports that he met Roslavlev’s servant in Moscow - Vladimir Sergeevich is in a fever and is in the house of the merchant Sezemov. Zaretsky and Izhorsky are shocked - news has just arrived that Moscow, set on fire by residents, has been surrendered without a fight, the French are in the Kremlin. “Unhappy Moscow!”, “Poor Roslavlev!” - they exclaim almost simultaneously.

In search of his regiment, Zaretsky finds himself in a partisan detachment commanded by an artillery officer he knows. Until the end of September, he roams with a flying detachment of partisans, participating in raids on French carts. Moscow is surrounded, there is no food left in the city, and, despite all the military precautions of the French, entire parties of foragers go missing. The war with Napoleon takes on a nationwide character.

Zaretsky is worried about the fate of his friend. Having changed into the uniform of a murdered French officer, he goes to Moscow in search of Roslavlev. A chance meeting with the captain of the gendarmes Renault threatens him with exposure: the Frenchman identified Zaretsky's horse and saber, which belonged to Renault's sister's fiancé. Colonel Senikur saves Zaretsky from imminent arrest - returning a debt of honor, he confirms that he is indeed the French captain Danville.

Left alone with the colonel, Alexander reveals to him the reason for his “masquerade”: he came for his friend, who, being wounded, was unable to leave Moscow when French troops entered it. Having learned that this wounded officer is Roslavlev, Senicur considers it his duty to help Zaretsky. Remembering the “terrible night” of the wedding, he feels guilty before Roslavlev. “I took from him more than his life,” exclaims Senicur. “Go to him; I am ready to do everything for him <...> - continues the Frenchman, - <...> perhaps he is not able to walk on foot <...> My man with a horse will be waiting for you at the very outpost , tell him that you are Captain Danville: he will give it to you..."

Zaretsky manages to take Roslavlev out of Moscow. Their path lies in their native regiment, and, despite all sorts of road adventures - first a meeting with the peasants who mistook them for the French, and then a military skirmish with the French foragers, in which Roslavlev took command of the peasant detachment - the friends eventually go out to the bivouacs of his regiment.

On October 10, the French left Moscow, “after staying there for a month and eight days.” Having made several unsuccessful attempts to break into the richest provinces of Russia, Napoleon was forced to retreat along the same road along which he walked to Moscow, leaving behind him thousands of soldiers dying from cold and hunger. At the crossing of the Berezina, Ney's corps, the last hope of the French army, was defeated, and after the battle of Borisov, the French retreat turned into a real flight. Friends say goodbye at the border: the general, under whom Roslavlev was an adjutant, joined with his division the troops besieging Danzig, and Zaretsky’s regiment still remained in the vanguard of the army.

The siege of Danzig, where the French garrison was located under the command of General Rapp, dragged on. It was already November 1813, and there was famine in the besieged city. Russian outposts are constantly disturbed by partisan attacks of the French garrison. Among them, the “hell company” of the hussar officer Chambur, which, every night, raids for provisions in the villages where Russian posts are located, is especially notable. During one of these forays, Roslavlev was captured by Chambur. This is how he ends up in Danzig.

Two weeks pass. Under the pretext of suppressing “unprofitable rumors” about the French army, which the captured officer allegedly spreads around the city, Roslavlev is sent to prison. In fact, this is a trick invented by the chief of staff, General Dericourt. A certain Florentine merchant is in prison; he is suspected of being a Russian spy. Roslavlev is placed together with the merchant in order to eavesdrop on their conversations, because it would be natural for them to want to speak in their native language.

The merchant really turns out to be a Russian officer. Moreover, they are familiar: shortly before the war, Roslavlev became an unwitting witness to a duel between this officer and a Frenchman who allowed himself extremely insulting remarks about Russia and the Russian people.

Suspecting that they are being overheard, the “merchant” warns Roslavlev about this with a note and in it asks Vladimir, as soon as he is released from prison, to find a woman living on Theater Square on the fifth floor of the red house in the sixth room. She is desperately ill, and if Roslavlev finds her alive, she must be told to burn the papers that the merchant Dolcini gave her to keep.

Roslavlev is indeed soon released (Chambur vouched for him), and the next day he goes to Theater Square. The fifth floor of the red house turned out to be a wretched attic; the room is striking in its poverty. In the dying woman, Roslavlev recognizes Polina with horror. He forgave her a long time ago. Moreover, having learned that she, having sacrificed everything, followed her husband to share all his hardships and sufferings, he began to feel the greatest respect for her.

The dying Polina tells Vladimir the tragic story of her wanderings. The convoy, in which Polina left Moscow with the retreating French, was attacked by the Cossacks. She was saved by a friend of Adolf, who took on further care of her. After this skirmish, she no longer saw her husband Polina, and only much later did she find out that Adolf was no longer alive. Then she gave birth to a son. Her only patron, who cared for her and her child, could not bear the hardships of the retreat, fell ill with a fever and died. While there was money, Polina lived in solitude, did not communicate with anyone. Then the Russians laid siege to Danzig, the money ran out, and she turned to the French general for help. And then Polina made a terrible discovery for herself: she left her family, her fatherland, sacrificed everything to become Senicour's wife, and everyone around her considers him his mistress. Then, in order to feed her son, she begged for alms, but her child died of starvation. She herself was saved from starvation by Dolcini, who, having learned that she was Russian, took part in her fate.

Polina begins to delirium. Vladimir leaves her to visit again in a few hours. At this time, Russian troops begin shelling the city. Roslavlev is wounded in the head.

For more than two weeks the Russian officer has been on the edge of the grave. Waking up, he finds Shambura at his bedside. The hussar hurries to tell his prisoner friend the latest news: the first - Rapp is going to sign a surrender, the second - Dolcini turned out to be not a merchant, but a Russian partisan. He soon managed to get out of prison, after which Dolcini got along so well with General Dericourt that he instructed the "merchant" to deliver important dispatches to Napoleon. When the "merchant" was taken out of the French outposts, he introduced himself in front of the Cossacks with his real name and politely said goodbye to the gendarmerie officer.

Shambyur, it turns out, knew Dolcini well, and therefore it was through him that the "merchant" passed the letter to Roslavlev. It was a letter from the dying Polina. In it, saying goodbye, she expressed her last wish: she asks Roslavlev to marry Olenka, who always loved him passionately.

Several years have passed. Roslavlev retired a long time ago and lives with his wife Olenka and two children in Uteshino, where Zaretsky comes after a six-year separation. They have a lot to talk about. Remembering the events of the wartime, Zaretsky inquired about Polina’s fate: “What happened to this unfortunate woman? <...> Where is she now?” In response to the question, Roslavlev sadly looked at the white marble monument under the bird cherry tree: buried under it was Polina’s lock of hair, which she gave to Roslavlev in a farewell letter...

Author of the retelling: M. N. Serbul

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