|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Краткое содержание произведений русской литературы XIX века. Иван Александрович Гончаров 1812-1891
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov 1812 - 1891 An ordinary story. Novel (1847) This summer morning in the village of Grachi began unusually: at dawn, all the inhabitants of the house of the poor landowner Anna Pavlovna Adueva were already on their feet. Only the culprit of this fuss, the son of Adueva, Alexander, slept, "as a twenty-year-old youth should sleep, with a heroic sleep." The turmoil reigned in Grachi because Alexander was going to St. Petersburg to serve: the knowledge he received at the university, according to the young man, must be applied in practice serving the Fatherland. The grief of Anna Pavlovna, parting with her only son, is akin to the sadness of the “first minister in the household” of the landowner Agrafena - together with Alexander, his valet Yevsey, Agrafena’s dear friend, goes to St. Petersburg - how many pleasant evenings did this gentle couple spend playing cards!.. They suffer and Alexander’s beloved, Sonechka, - the first impulses of his sublime soul were dedicated to her. Aduev’s best friend, Pospelov, bursts into Grachi at the last minute in order to finally hug the one with whom he spent the best hours of university life in conversations about honor and dignity, about serving the Fatherland and the delights of love... And Alexander himself is sorry to part with his usual way of life. If lofty goals and a sense of purpose had not pushed him on a long journey, he, of course, would have remained in Rooks, with his infinitely loving mother and sister, the old maid Maria Gorbatova, among hospitable and hospitable neighbors, next to his first love. But ambitious dreams drive the young man to the capital, closer to glory. In St. Petersburg, Alexander immediately goes to his relative, Pyotr Ivanovich Aduev, who at one time, like Alexander, “was sent to St. Petersburg at the age of twenty by his elder brother, Alexander’s father, and lived there continuously for seventeen years.” Not maintaining contact with his widow and son, who remained in Rrach after the death of his brother, Pyotr Ivanovich is greatly surprised and annoyed by the appearance of an enthusiastic young man who expects from his uncle care, attention and, most importantly, the sharing of his heightened sensitivity. From the very first minutes of their acquaintance, Pyotr Ivanovich almost by force has to restrain Alexander from pouring out his feelings and trying to embrace his relative. Along with Alexander, a letter arrives from Anna Pavlovna, from which Pyotr Ivanovich learns that great hopes are placed on him: not only by his almost forgotten daughter-in-law, who hopes that Pyotr Ivanovich will sleep with Alexander in the same room and cover the young man’s mouth from flies. The letter contains many requests from neighbors that Pyotr Ivanovich had forgotten to think about for almost two decades. One of these letters was written by Marya Gorbatova, Anna Pavlovna’s sister, who remembered for the rest of her life the day when the still young Pyotr Ivanovich, walking with her through the village outskirts, climbed knee-deep into the lake and picked a yellow flower for her to remember... From the very first meeting, Pyotr Ivanovich, a rather dry and businesslike man, begins to educate his enthusiastic nephew: he rents Alexander an apartment in the same house where he lives, advises where and how to eat, with whom to communicate. Later, he finds a very specific case for him: service and - for the soul! - translations of articles devoted to the problems of agriculture. Ridiculing, sometimes quite cruelly, Alexander's addiction to everything "unearthly", sublime, Pyotr Ivanovich is gradually trying to destroy the fictional world in which his romantic nephew lives. So two years pass. After this time, we meet Alexander already partly accustomed to the complexities of St. Petersburg life. And - without memory in love with Nadenka Lyubetskaya. During this time, Alexander managed to advance in the service, and achieved some success in translations. Now he has become quite an important person in the journal: "he was engaged in the selection, and translation, and correction of other people's articles, he himself wrote various theoretical views on agriculture." He continued to write both poetry and prose. But falling in love with Nadenka Lyubetskaya seems to close the whole world in front of Alexander Aduev - now he lives from meeting to meeting, drugged by that "sweet bliss at which Peter Ivanovich was angry." She is in love with Alexander and Nadenka, but, perhaps, only with that “little love in anticipation of a big one,” which Alexander himself experienced for Sophia, who is now forgotten by him. Alexander's happiness is fragile - Count Novinsky, the neighbor of the Lyubetskys in the country, gets on the way to eternal bliss. Pyotr Ivanovich is unable to cure Alexander of his raging passions: Aduev Jr. is ready to challenge the count to a duel, to take revenge on an ungrateful girl who is unable to appreciate his high feelings, he sobs and burns with anger... Pyotr Ivanovich’s wife comes to the aid of the distraught young man, Lizaveta Alexandrovna; she comes to Alexander when Pyotr Ivanovich turns out to be powerless, and we do not know exactly how, with what words, with what participation the young woman succeeds in what her smart, sensible husband failed to achieve. “An hour later he (Alexander) came out thoughtfully, but with a smile, and fell asleep peacefully for the first time after many sleepless nights.” And another year has passed since that memorable night. From the gloomy despair that Lizaveta Alexandrovna managed to melt, Aduev Jr. turned to despondency and indifference. “He somehow liked to play the role of a sufferer. He was quiet, important, vague, like a man who, in his words, had withstood the blow of fate...” And the blow was not slow to repeat: an unexpected meeting with his old friend Pospelov on Nevsky Prospekt, a meeting , all the more accidental since Alexander did not even know about the move of his soul mate to the capital, brings confusion into the already disturbed heart of Aduev Jr. The friend turns out to be completely different from what he remembers from the years spent at the university: he is strikingly similar to Pyotr Ivanovich Aduev - he does not appreciate the heart wounds experienced by Alexander, talks about his career, about money, warmly welcomes his old friend in his home, but no special signs of attention doesn't show it to him. It turns out to be almost impossible to cure sensitive Alexander from this blow - and who knows what our hero would have reached this time if his uncle had not applied “extreme measures” to him!.. Discussing with Alexander about the bonds of love and friendship, Pyotr Ivanovich cruelly reproaches Alexander the fact that he closed himself only in his own feelings, not knowing how to appreciate someone who is faithful to him. He does not consider his uncle and aunt his friends; he has not written to his mother for a long time, who lives only in thoughts of her only son. This “medicine” turns out to be effective - Alexander again turns to literary creativity. This time he writes a story and reads it to Pyotr Ivanovich and Lizaveta Alexandrovna. Aduev Sr. invites Alexander to send the story to the magazine to find out the true value of his nephew’s work. Pyotr Ivanovich does this under his own name, believing that this will be a fairer trial and better for the fate of the work. The answer was not slow to appear - it puts the finishing touches on the hopes of the ambitious Aduev Jr.... And just at that time, Pyotr Ivanovich needed the service of a nephew: his factory companion Surkov suddenly falls in love with the young widow of a former friend of Pyotr Ivanovich, Yulia Pavlovna Tafaeva, and completely abandons things. Above all else, appreciating the cause, Pyotr Ivanovich asks Alexander to "fall in love" with Tafaeva, ousting Surkov from her home and heart. As a reward, Peter Ivanovich offers Alexander two vases that Aduev Jr. liked so much. The matter, however, takes an unexpected turn: Alexander falls in love with a young widow and evokes a reciprocal feeling in her. Moreover, the feeling is so strong, so romantic and sublime that the “culprit” himself is not able to withstand the gusts of passion and jealousy that Tafaeva unleashes on him. Brought up on romance novels, married too early to a rich and unloved man, Yulia Pavlovna, having met Alexander, seems to throw herself into a whirlpool: everything she read and dreamed about now falls on her chosen one. And Alexander does not pass the test... After Pyotr Ivanovich managed to bring Tafaeva to her senses with arguments unknown to us, another three months passed, during which Alexander’s life after the shock he experienced is unknown to us. We meet him again when he, disappointed in everything he lived before, is “playing checkers with some eccentrics or fishing.” His apathy is deep and inescapable; nothing, it seems, can bring Aduev Jr. out of his dull indifference. Alexander no longer believes in either love or friendship. He begins to go to Kostikov, about whom Zaezzhalov, a neighbor in Grachi, once wrote in a letter to Pyotr Ivanovich, wanting to introduce Aduev Sr. to his old friend. This man turned out to be just the thing for Alexander: he “could not awaken emotional disturbances” in the young man. And one day on the shore where they were fishing, unexpected spectators appeared - an old man and a pretty young girl. They appeared more and more often. Lisa (that was the girl’s name) began to try to captivate the yearning Alexander with various feminine tricks. The girl partially succeeds, but her offended father comes to the gazebo for a date instead. After an explanation with him, Alexander has no choice but to change the place of fishing. However, he doesn’t remember Lisa for long... Still wanting to awaken Alexander from the sleep of his soul, his aunt asks him one day to accompany her to a concert: “some artist, a European celebrity, has arrived.” The shock experienced by Alexander from the meeting with beautiful music strengthens the decision that had matured even earlier to give up everything and return to his mother, in Grachi. Alexander Fedorovich Aduev leaves the capital along the same road along which he entered St. Petersburg several years ago, intending to conquer it with his talents and high appointment... And in the village, life seemed to have stopped its run: the same hospitable neighbors, only older, the same infinitely loving mother, Anna Pavlovna; she just got married without waiting for her Sashenka, Sofya, but her aunt, Marya Gorbatova, still remembers the yellow flower. Shocked by the changes that have taken place with her son, Anna Pavlovna asks Yevsey for a long time how Alexander lived in St. Petersburg, and comes to the conclusion that life itself in the capital is so unhealthy that it aged her son and dulled his feelings. Days pass after days, Anna Pavlovna still hopes that Alexander's hair will grow again and his eyes will shine, and he thinks about how to return to St. Petersburg, where so much has been experienced and irretrievably lost. The death of his mother relieves Alexander from the pangs of conscience, which do not allow him to admit to Anna Pavlovna that he was again planning to escape from the village, and, having written to Pyotr Ivanovich, Alexander Aduev again goes to St. Petersburg... Four years pass after Alexander's return to the capital. Many changes happened to the main characters of the novel. Lizaveta Alexandrovna was tired of fighting her husband’s coldness and turned into a calm, sensible woman, devoid of any aspirations or desires. Pyotr Ivanovich, upset by the change in his wife’s character and suspecting she has a dangerous illness, is ready to give up his career as a court councilor and resign in order to take Lizaveta Alexandrovna away from St. Petersburg at least for a while. But Alexander Fedorovich has reached the heights that his uncle once dreamed of for him: “collegiate adviser, good government salary, through outside labor" earns considerable money and is also preparing to get married, taking three hundred thousand and five hundred souls for his bride... On this we part with the heroes of the novel. What an ordinary story indeed! Author of the retelling: N. D. Staroselskaya Oblomov. Novel (1849 - 1857, published 1859) In St. Petersburg, on Gorokhovaya Street, on the same morning as always, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a young man of about thirty-two to thirty-three, lies in bed, not burdening himself with any special activities. His lying down is a certain way of life, a kind of protest against established conventions, which is why Ilya Ilyich so ardently, philosophically and meaningfully objects to all attempts to get him off the couch. His servant, Zakhar, is the same, showing neither surprise nor displeasure - he is used to living the same way as his master: how he lives... This morning, visitors come to Oblomov one after another: on the first of May, all the St. Petersburg world gathers in Ekateringof, so friends are trying to push Ilya Ilyich aside, to stir him up, forcing him to take part in secular festive festivities. But neither Volkov, nor Sudbinsky, nor Penkin succeed in this. With each of them, Oblomov tries to discuss his worries - a letter from the headman from Oblomovka and a threatening move to another apartment; but no one cares about Ilya Ilyich's anxieties. But he is ready to deal with the problems of the lazy master Mikhey Andreevich Tarantiev, Oblomov's fellow countryman, "a man of smart and cunning mind." Knowing that after the death of his parents, Oblomov remained the only heir to three hundred and fifty souls, Tarantiev is not at all opposed to joining a very tasty morsel, especially since he quite rightly suspects that Oblomov's headman steals and lies much more than is required within reasonable limits. And Oblomov is waiting for his childhood friend, Andrei Stolz, who, in his opinion, is the only one who can help him sort out economic difficulties. At first, when he arrived in St. Petersburg, Oblomov somehow tried to integrate into the life of the capital, but gradually he realized the futility of his efforts: no one needed him, and no one was close to him. So Ilya Ilyich lay down on his sofa... And so his unusually devoted servant Zakhar, who was in no way behind his master, lay down on his couch. He intuitively feels who can truly help his master, and who, like Mikhei Andreevich, only pretends to be Oblomov’s friend. But from a detailed showdown with mutual grievances, only a dream into which the master plunges, while Zakhar goes to gossip and relieve his soul with the neighboring servants, can save him. Oblomov sees in a sweet dream his past, long-gone life in his native Oblomovka, where there is nothing wild or grandiose, where everything breathes calm and serene sleep. Here they only eat, sleep, discuss the news that comes to this region very late; life flows smoothly, flowing from autumn to winter, from spring to summer, to again complete its eternal circles. Here, fairy tales are almost indistinguishable from real life, and dreams are a continuation of reality. Everything is peaceful, quiet, calm in this blessed land - no passions, no worries disturb the inhabitants of sleepy Oblomovka, among whom Ilya Ilyich spent his childhood. This dream could have lasted, it seems, for an eternity, if it had not been interrupted by the appearance of Oblomov’s long-awaited friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stoltz, whose arrival Zakhar joyfully announces to his master... Andrei Stolts grew up in the village of Verkhleve, which was once part of Oblomovka; here now his father serves as manager. Stolz developed into a personality, in many ways unusual, thanks to the double upbringing received from a strong-willed, strong, cold-blooded German father and a Russian mother, a sensitive woman who lost herself in the storms of life at the piano. The same age as Oblomov, he is the complete opposite of his friend: “he is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; if they need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business, they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes to light, and reads; when he has time, God knows." The first thing Stolz starts with is pulling Oblomov out of bed and taking him to visit different houses. This is how the new life of Ilya Ilyich begins Stolz seems to pour some of his seething energy into Oblomov, now Oblomov gets up in the morning and begins to write, read, take an interest in what is happening around him, and his acquaintances cannot be surprised: "Imagine Oblomov has moved!" But Oblomov did not just move - his whole soul was shaken to the ground: Ilya Ilyich fell in love. Stolz brought him into the house of the Ilyinskys, and in Oblomov a man wakes up, endowed by nature with unusually strong feelings - listening to Olga sing, Ilya Ilyich is truly shocked, he finally woke up completely. But for Olga and Stolz, who planned a kind of experiment on the eternally dormant Ilya Ilyich, this is not enough - it is necessary to awaken him to rational activity. In the meantime, Zakhar also found his happiness - having married Anisya, a simple and kind woman, he suddenly realized that he should fight with dust, dirt, and cockroaches, and not put up with it. In a short time, Anisya puts Ilya Ilyich's house in order, extending her power not only to the kitchen, as was supposed at first, but throughout the house. But this general awakening did not last long: the very first obstacle, moving from the dacha to the city, gradually turned into that swamp that slowly but steadily sucks in Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, who is not adapted to making decisions, to taking the initiative. A long life in a dream cannot end immediately... Olga, feeling her power over Oblomov, cannot understand too much in him. Yielding to the intrigues of Tarantiev at the moment when Stolz again left St. Petersburg, Oblomov moved to the apartment rented to him by Mikhei Andreevich, on the Vyborg side. Unable to deal with life, unable to deal with debts, unable to manage the estate and expose the crooks surrounding him, Oblomov ends up in the house of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, whose brother, Ivan Matveevich Mukhoyarov, is friends with Mikhei Andreevich, not inferior to him, but rather surpassing the latter by cunning and cunning. In the house of Agafya Matveevna in front of Oblomov, imperceptibly at first, and then more and more clearly, the atmosphere of his native Oblomovka unfolds, something that Ilya Ilyich cherishes most of all in his soul. Gradually, the entire economy of Oblomov passes into the hands of Pshenitsyna. A simple, unsophisticated woman, she begins to manage Oblomov's house, preparing delicious meals for him, establishing a life, and again the soul of Ilya Ilyich plunges into a sweet dream. Although occasionally the peace and serenity of this dream is exploded by meetings with Olga Ilyinskaya, who is gradually disappointed in her chosen one. Rumors about the wedding of Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya are already scurrying between the servants of two houses - having learned about this, Ilya Ilyich is horrified: nothing, in his opinion, has been decided yet, and people are already transferring from house to house talking about what, most likely , it won't happen. "That's all Andrei: he instilled love, like smallpox, in both of us. And what kind of life is this, all the worries and anxieties! When will there be peaceful happiness, peace?" - Oblomov thinks, realizing that everything that happens to him is nothing more than the last convulsions of a living soul, ready for the final, already uninterrupted sleep. Days pass by days, and now Olga, unable to bear it, comes to Ilya Ilyich on the Vyborg side. He comes to make sure that nothing will awaken Oblomov from his slow descent into final sleep. Meanwhile, Ivan Matveyevich Mukhoyarov is taking over Oblomov’s estate affairs, entangling Ilya Ilyich so thoroughly and deeply in his clever machinations that the owner of blessed Oblomovka is unlikely to be able to get out of them. And at this moment Agafya Matveevna is also repairing Oblomov’s robe, which, it seemed, no one could fix. This becomes the last straw in the throes of Ilya Ilyich’s resistance - he falls ill with fever. A year after Oblomov’s illness, life flowed along its measured course: the seasons changed, Agafya Matveevna prepared delicious dishes for the holidays, baked pies for Oblomov, brewed coffee for him with her own hands, celebrated Elijah’s Day with enthusiasm... And suddenly Agafya Matveevna realized that she had fallen in love master She became so devoted to him that at the moment when Andrei Stolts, who came to St. Petersburg on the Vyborg side, exposed Mukhoyarov’s dark deeds, Pshenitsyna renounced her brother, whom she had so revered and even feared just recently. Having experienced disappointment in her first love, Olga Ilyinskaya gradually gets used to Stolz, realizing that her attitude towards him is much more than just friendship. And Olga agrees to Stolz’s proposal... And a few years later, Stolz reappears on the Vyborg side. He finds Ilya Ilyich, who has become “a complete and natural reflection and expression <...> of peace, contentment and serene silence. Peering, reflecting on his life and becoming more and more settled in it, he finally decided that he had nowhere else to live.” go, there is nothing to look for..." Oblomov found his quiet happiness with Agafya Matveevna, who bore him a son, Andryusha. Stolz's arrival does not bother Oblomov: he asks his old friend just not to leave Andryusha... And five years later, when Oblomov was no longer alive, Agafya Matveevna’s house fell into disrepair and the wife of the bankrupt Mukhoyarov, Irina Panteleevna, began to play the first role in it. Andryusha was asked to be raised by the Stoltsy. Living in the memory of the late Oblomov, Agafya Matveevna concentrated all her feelings on her son: “she realized that she had lost and her life shone, that God put a soul into her life and took it out again; that the sun shone in her and darkened forever...” And high memory forever connected her with Andrei and Olga Stolts - “the memory of the soul of the deceased, pure as crystal.” And faithful Zakhar is there, on the Vyborg side, where he lived with his master, now asking for alms... Author of the retelling: N. D. Staroselskaya Break. Roman (1849 - 1869) The Petersburg day is drawing to a close, and everyone who usually gathers at the card table, by this hour, begins to bring themselves into the appropriate form. Two friends are also going - Boris Pavlovich Raysky and Ivan Ivanovich Ayanov - to spend this evening again in the Pakhotins' house, where the owner himself, Nikolai Vasilyevich, his two sisters, old maids Anna Vasilyevna and Nadezhda Vasilyevna, as well as a young widow, Pakhotin's daughter, a beauty, live. Sofia Belovodova, who is the main interest in this house for Boris Pavlovich. Ivan Ivanovich is a simple man, without fuss, he goes to the Pakhotins only in order to play cards with avid players, old maids. Another thing - Paradise; he needs to stir up Sophia, his distant relative, turning her from a cold marble statue into a living woman full of passions. Boris Pavlovich Raisky is obsessed with passions: he draws a little, writes a little, plays music, putting the strength and passion of his soul into all his activities. But this is not enough - Raisky needs to awaken passions around him in order to constantly feel himself in the boiling of life, at that point of contact of everything with everything, which he calls Ayanov: "Life is a novel, and a novel is life." We get to know him at a time when "Raisky is thirty years old, and he has not yet sown anything, has not reaped anything, and has not walked along a single track, along which those who come from within Russia walk." Having once arrived in St. Petersburg from a family estate, Raisky, having learned a little of everything, did not find his calling in anything. He understood only one thing: the main thing for him was art; something that particularly touches the soul, making it burn with passionate fire. In this mood, Boris Pavlovich goes on vacation to the estate, which, after the death of his parents, is managed by his great-aunt Tatyana Markovna Berezhkova, an old maid whose parents in time immemorial did not allow her to marry her chosen one, Titus Nikonovich Vatutin. He remained a bachelor, and he continues to visit Tatyana Markovna all his life, never forgetting gifts for her and the two girls relatives whom she is raising - orphans Verochka and Marfenka. Malinovka, Raisky's estate, a blessed corner in which there is a place for everything that pleases the eye. Only now the terrible cliff that ends the garden frightens the inhabitants of the house: according to legend, at the bottom of it in ancient times "he killed his wife and rival for infidelity, and then he himself stabbed himself, one jealous husband, a tailor from the city. The suicide was buried here, on crime scene." Tatyana Markovna joyfully greeted her grandson who had arrived for the holidays - she tried to introduce him to the business, show him the farm, get him interested in it, but Boris Pavlovich remained indifferent to both the farm and the necessary visits. Only poetic impressions could touch his soul, and they had nothing to do with the city’s thunderstorm, Nil Andreevich, to whom his grandmother certainly wanted to introduce him, nor with the provincial coquette Polina Karpovna Kritskaya, nor with the popular popular family of old men Molochkovs, like Philemon and Baucis who had lived their lives inseparable... The holidays flew by, and Raisky returned to St. Petersburg. Here, at the university, he became close to Leonty Kozlov, the son of a deacon, "downtrodden by poverty and timidity." It is not clear what could bring such different young people together: a young man who dreams of becoming a teacher somewhere in a remote Russian corner, and a restless poet, artist, obsessed with the passions of a romantic young man. However, they became really close to each other. But university life is over, Leonty left for the province, and Raisky still cannot find a real job in life, continuing to be an amateur. And his white marble cousin Sophia still seems to Boris Pavlovich to be the most important goal in life: to awaken a fire in her, to make her experience what the “thunderstorm of life” is, to write a novel about her, to draw her portrait... He spends all the evenings with the Pakhotins, preaching to Sophia the truth life. On one of these evenings, Sophia’s father, Nikolai Vasilyevich, brings Count Milari, “an excellent musician and a most amiable young man,” to the house. Returning home on that memorable evening, Boris Pavlovich cannot find a place for himself: he either peers at the portrait of Sophia he started, then re-reads the essay he once started about a young woman in whom he managed to arouse passion and even lead her to a "fall" - alas , Natasha is no longer alive, and the pages he wrote did not imprint a genuine feeling. "The episode, which turned into a memory, seemed to him a strange event." Meanwhile, summer came, Raisky received a letter from Tatyana Markovna, in which she called her grandson to the blessed Malinovka, and a letter also came from Leonty Kozlov, who lived near Raisky’s family estate. “This is fate sending me...” decided Boris Pavlovich, already bored with awakening passions in Sofya Belovodova. In addition, there was a slight embarrassment - Raisky decided to show the portrait he painted of Sofia to Ayanov, and he, looking at Boris Pavlovich’s work, pronounced his verdict: “She looks like she’s drunk here.” The artist Semyon Semenovich Kirilov did not appreciate the portrait, but Sofia herself found that Raisky flattered her - she is not like that... The very first person that Raisky meets in the estate is a charming young girl who does not notice him, busy feeding poultry. Her whole appearance breathes such freshness, purity, grace that Raisky understands that here, in Malinovka, he is destined to find the beauty, in search of which he languished in cold Petersburg. Raisky is joyfully greeted by Tatyana Markovna, Marfenka (she turned out to be that same girl), and the servants. Only cousin Vera is visiting her priest friend across the Volga. And again, the grandmother tries to captivate Raisky with household chores, which still do not interest Boris Pavlovich at all - he is ready to give the estate to Vera and Marfenka, which angers Tatyana Markovna... In Malinovka, despite the joyful worries associated with the arrival of Raisky, everyday life goes on: the servant Savely is called upon to give an account of everything to the arriving landowner, Leonty Kozlov teaches the children. But here's a surprise: Kozlov turned out to be married, and to whom! On Ulenka, the flirtatious daughter of “the housekeeper of some government institution in Moscow,” where they kept a table for incoming students. All of them were little by little in love with Ulenka then, only Kozlov did not notice her cameo profile, but it was him who she eventually married and went to the far corner of Russia, to the Volga. Various rumors are circulating about her around the city, Ulenka warns Raisky about what he might hear, and asks in advance not to believe anything - obviously in the hope that he, Boris Pavlovich, will not remain indifferent to her charms... Returning home, Raisky finds a full estate of guests - Tit Nikonovich, Polina Karpovna, everyone gathered to look at the mature owner of the estate, grandmother's pride. And many sent congratulations on their arrival. And the usual village life with all its delights and joys rolled along the well-worn rut. Raisky gets acquainted with the surroundings, delves into the lives of people close to him. The courtyards sort out their relationship, and Raisky becomes a witness of Savely's wild jealousy for his unfaithful wife Marina, Vera's trusted servant. This is where true passions boil! .. And Polina Karpovna Kritskaya? Who would willingly succumb to Raisky's sermons, if it occurred to him to captivate this aging coquette! She literally climbs out of her skin to attract his attention, and then carry the news throughout the town that Boris Pavlovich could not resist her. But Raisky shied away in horror from the lady who was obsessed with love. Quietly, calmly, the days in Malinovka drag on. Only now Vera does not return from the priest; Boris Pavlovich, on the other hand, does not waste time - he tries to "educate" Marfenka, slowly finding out her tastes and predilections in literature, painting, in order to begin to awaken real life in her. Sometimes he comes into Kozlov's house. And one day he meets Mark Volokhov there: "fifteenth grade, an official under the supervision of the police, an involuntary citizen of the local city," as recommended by himself. Mark seems to Raisky a funny person - he has already heard a lot of horrors about him from his grandmother, but now, having met, he invites him to dinner. Their impromptu dinner with the indispensable burning woman in the room of Boris Pavlovich wakes up Tatyana Markovna, who is afraid of fires, and she is horrified by the presence of this man in the house, who has fallen asleep like a dog, without a pillow, curled up. Mark Volokhov also considers it his duty to awaken people - only, unlike Raisky, not a specific woman from the sleep of the soul to the storm of life, but abstract people - to anxieties, dangers, reading forbidden books. He does not think to hide his simple and cynical philosophy, which is almost all reduced to his personal benefit, and even charming in his own way in such childish openness. And Raisky is carried away by Mark - his nebula, his mystery, but it is at this moment that the long-awaited Vera returns from behind the Volga. She turns out to be completely different from what Boris Pavlovich expected to see her - closed, not willing to openly confess or talk, with her own small and big secrets and riddles. Raisky understands how necessary it is for him to unravel his cousin, to know her secret life, the existence of which he does not doubt for a moment... And gradually the wild Saveliy awakens in refined Paradise: just as this courtyard is watching his wife Marina, so Paradise “knew at any moment where she was, what she was doing. In general, his abilities, directed at one subject occupying him, were refined to incredible subtlety, and now, in this silent observation of the Faith, they have attained a degree of clairvoyance." Meanwhile, grandmother Tatyana Markovna dreams of marrying Boris Pavlovich to the daughter of a tax farmer, so that he can settle in his native land forever. Raisky refuses such an honor - there are so many mysterious things around, things that need to be unraveled, and he suddenly falls into such prose at his grandmother’s will!.. Moreover, there are indeed a lot of events unfolding around Boris Pavlovich. A young man, Vikentyev, appears, and Raisky instantly sees the beginning of his romance with Marfenka, their mutual attraction. Vera is still killing Raisky with her indifference, Mark Volokhov has disappeared somewhere, and Boris Pavlovich goes to look for him. However, this time Mark is not able to entertain Boris Pavlovich - he keeps hinting that he knows well about Raisky’s attitude towards Vera, about her indifference and the fruitless attempts of the capital’s cousin to awaken a living soul in the provincial girl. Finally, Vera herself cannot stand it: she resolutely asks Raisky not to spy on her everywhere, to leave her alone. The conversation ends as if with reconciliation: now Raisky and Vera can calmly and seriously talk about books, about people, about each of them’s understanding of life. But this is not enough for Raisky... Tatyana Markovna Berezhkova nevertheless insisted on something, and one day the whole city society was called to Malinovka for a gala dinner in honor of Boris Pavlovich. But a decent acquaintance never succeeds - a scandal breaks out in the house, Boris Pavlovich openly tells the venerable Nil Andreevich Tychkov everything that he thinks about him, and Tatyana Markovna herself, unexpectedly for herself, takes the side of her grandson: "Swollen with pride, and pride is a drunken vice Sober up, get up and bow: before you stands Tatyana Markovna Berezhkova! Tychkov was expelled from Malinovka in disgrace, and Vera, conquered by the honesty of Paradise, kisses him for the first time. But this kiss, alas, does not mean anything, and Raisky is going to return to St. Petersburg, to his usual life, his usual environment. True, neither Vera nor Mark Volokhov believe in his imminent departure, and Raisky himself cannot leave, feeling around him the movement of a life inaccessible to him. Moreover, Vera is again leaving for the Volga to her friend. In her absence, Raisky tries to find out from Tatyana Markovna: what kind of person is Vera, what exactly are the hidden features of her character. And he learns that the grandmother considers herself unusually close to Vera, loves her with a deep, respectful, compassionate love, seeing in her, in a sense, her own repetition. From her, Raisky also learns about a man who does not know "how to proceed, how to woo" Vera. This is the forester Ivan Ivanovich Tushin. Not knowing how to get rid of thoughts about Vera, Boris Pavlovich allows Kritskaya to take him to her house, from there he goes to Kozlov, where Ulenka meets him with open arms. And Raisky could not resist her charms... On a stormy night, Tushin brings Vera on his horses - finally, Raisky has the opportunity to see the man Tatyana Markovna told him about. And again he is obsessed with jealousy and is going to St. Petersburg. And again he remains, unable to leave, without unraveling Vera’s secret. Raisky even manages to alarm Tatyana Markovna with constant thoughts and reasoning that Vera is in love, and the grandmother is planning an experiment: a family reading of an edifying book about Cunegonde, who fell in love against the will of her parents and ended her days in the monastery. The effect turns out to be completely unexpected: Vera remains indifferent and almost falls asleep over the book, and Marfenka and Vikentyev, thanks to the edifying novel, declare their love to the nightingale singing. The next day, Vikentyev’s mother, Marya Egorovna, arrives in Malinovka - official matchmaking and conspiracy take place. Marfenka becomes a bride. And Vera? .. Her chosen one is Mark Volokhov. It is to him that she goes on dates to the precipice, where the jealous suicide is buried, it is he who she dreams of calling her husband, first remaking him in her own image and likeness. Vera and Mark share too much: all the concepts of morality, goodness, decency, but Vera hopes to persuade her chosen one to what is right in the "old truth". Love and honor for her are not empty words. Their love is more like a duel between two beliefs, two truths, but in this duel, the characters of Mark and Vera are more and more clearly manifested. Raisky still does not know who is chosen as his cousin. He is still immersed in the mystery, still looking gloomily at his surroundings. Meanwhile, the calm of the town is shaken by the flight of Ulenka from Kozlov with the teacher Monsieur Charles. Leonty's despair is boundless, Raisky, together with Mark, are trying to bring Kozlov to his senses. Yes, passions really boil around Boris Pavlovich! A letter has already been received from St. Petersburg from Ayanov, in which an old friend talks about Sophia’s romance with Count Milari - in a strict sense, what happened between them is not a romance at all, but the world regarded a certain “false step” by Belovodova as compromising her, and thus the relationship between the Pakhotin family and the count ended. The letter, which could have hurt Raisky quite recently, does not make a particularly strong impression on him: all of Boris Pavlovich’s thoughts, all of his feelings are completely occupied with Vera. The evening comes unnoticed on the eve of Marfenysy's engagement. Vera again goes into the cliff, and Raisky is waiting for her on the very edge, understanding why, where and to whom his unfortunate, love-obsessed cousin went. An orange bouquet, ordered for Marfenka for her celebration, which coincided with her birthday, is cruelly thrown out of the window by Raisky to Vera, who falls unconscious at the sight of this gift... The next day, Vera falls ill - her horror lies in the fact that it is necessary to tell her grandmother about her fall, but she is unable to do this, especially since the house is full of guests, and Marfenka is escorted to the Vikentievs. Having revealed everything to Raysky, and then to Tushin, Vera calms down for a while - Boris Pavlovich tells Tatyana Markovna about what happened at the request of Vera. Day and night, Tatyana Markovna nurses her misfortune - she walks non-stop around the house, in the garden, in the fields around Malinovka, and no one is able to stop her: “God visited, I don’t walk on my own. His strength carries me - I have to endure it to the end. If I fall - pick me up..." - Tatyana Markovna says to her grandson. After a long vigil, Tatyana Markovna comes to Vera, who is lying in a fever. Having left Vera, Tatyana Markovna understands how necessary it is for both of them to ease their souls: and then Vera hears her grandmother’s terrible confession about her long-standing sin. Once in her youth, an unloved man who wooed her found Tatyana Markovna in a greenhouse with Tit Nikonovich and took an oath from her never to marry... Author of the retelling: N. D. Staroselskaya << Back: Alexander Ivanovich Herzen 1812-1870 (Who is to blame? Novel (1841-1846). The Thieving Magpie. Tale (1846). Past and thoughts. Autobiographical book (1852-1868)) >> Forward: Vladimir Alexandrovich Sollogub 1813-1882 (Tarantas. Travel impressions. Tale (1845))
▪ Pedagogy for teachers. Crib.
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024 Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024 Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
▪ Artificial algae will protect the ocean ▪ Toshiba Canvio Alu Portable Drive ▪ Smart scales determine the speed of propagation of the pulse wave ▪ Getting water even from desert air
▪ section of the site Medicine. Selection of articles ▪ article Simple production of frosted glass. Tips for the home master ▪ article The damaging effect of electric current on the human body ▪ article Extraction of fragrant substances by infusion. Simple recipes and tips ▪ article Tearing the napkin. Focus Secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page