The damaging effect of electric current on the human body. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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The damaging effect of electric current on the human body. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Electric current, passing through living tissues, has thermal, electrolytic and biological effects. This leads to various disorders in the body, causing both local damage to tissues and organs, and general damage to the body.

Small currents up to 5 mA cause only discomfort. At currents greater than 10-15 mA, a person is not able to independently get rid of current-carrying parts and the action of the current becomes long-lasting (non-release current). With prolonged exposure to such currents, a person can receive various kinds of electrical injuries.

The most severe electrical injury electric shock - This is a defeat of the internal organs of a person.

With prolonged exposure to currents of several tens of milliamps and an action time of 15-20 seconds, respiratory paralysis and death can occur.

Currents of 50-80 mA lead to cardiac fibrillation, which consists in the random contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibers of the heart, as a result of which blood circulation stops and the heart stops.

Both with respiratory paralysis and with paralysis of the heart, the functions of the organs are not restored on their own, in this case, first aid is necessary (artificial respiration and heart massage).

The short-term action of large currents does not cause either respiratory paralysis or cardiac fibrillation. At the same time, the heart muscle contracts sharply and remains in this state until the current is turned off, after which it continues to work.

The action of a current of 100 mA for 2-3 seconds leads to death (lethal current).

Burns occur due to the thermal effects of current passing through the human body, or from touching very hot parts of electrical equipment, as well as from the action of an electric arc. The most severe burns occur from the action of an electric arc.

Electrical signs - these are skin lesions in places of contact with electrodes of a round or elliptical shape, gray or white-yellow in color with sharply defined edges (D = 5-10 mm). They are caused by the mechanical and chemical actions of the current. Sometimes they do not appear immediately after the passage of an electric current. The signs are painless, there are no inflammatory processes around them. Swelling appears at the site of the lesion. Small signs heal safely, with large signs, necrosis of the body often occurs (usually hands).

Skin electroplating - this is the impregnation of the skin with the smallest particles of metal due to its splashing and evaporation under the influence of current, for example, when an arc is burning. The damaged area of the skin acquires a hard, rough surface, and the victim feels the presence of a foreign body at the site of the lesion. The outcome of the lesion depends on the area of the affected body, as with a burn. In most cases, the metallic skin comes off and no traces remain.

In addition to those considered, the following injuries are possible: damage to the eyes from the action of the arc; bruises and fractures when falling from the action of current, etc.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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