|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Brief summary of works of Russian literature of the 1835th century. Nikolai Gerasimovich Pomyalovsky 1863-XNUMX
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Nikolai Gerasimovich Pomyalovsky 1835 - 1863 Molotov. Tale (1861) The family of the official Ignat Vasilyich Dorogov lives in one of the St. Petersburg tenement houses on the Ekaterininsky Canal. He has six children, the eldest of them is Nadia, she is twenty years old. The mother of the family, Anna Andreevna, is an exemplary hostess. Comfort and tranquility reign in the house. Grandfather and grandmother of Anna Andreevna were poor petty bourgeois. Their daughter, Mavra Matveevna, who was smart, pretty and hardworking, was married to a petty official Chizhikov. The thriftiness and energy of Mavra Matveevna led to the fact that prosperity appeared in the family. Anna Andreevna was her youngest daughter. She has been accustomed to order and a secure existence since childhood. When Anna Andreevna married Ignat Vasilyich, their relationship was not easy. The young husband led a very dissolute life, and this caused his wife a lot of suffering, until she finally managed to take him into her arms, accustom him to the house. Ignat Vasilyich became a housewife, but strictness and gloominess appeared in his character, which are especially noticeable in his relations with children. When guests arrive, the house becomes more cheerful. The Dorokhovs often have officials Yegor Ivanovich Molotov, Makar Makarych Kasimov, Semyon Vasilyich Rogozhnikov, Dr. Fyodor Ilyich Benediktov. On one of these evenings, Rogozhnikov tells the story of his director, who did not allow the petty official Menshov to marry a poor girl. Menshov was offered a promotion with the condition of refusing the bride, but he refused. Then the director slandered his subordinate in front of the bride. The wedding was upset, and Menchov received a promotion. Nadya Dorogova was brought up in a closed institute, but memories of institute life were never pleasant to her. And no wonder: there were ugly orders. Cool ladies did not hesitate to take bribes from pupils, delinquent girls were kept in the infirmary, wearing straitjackets on them. There was a lot of artificial, false in upbringing. After leaving the institute, Nadia spends a lot of time reading. Dreams about her husband and her household are interspersed with dreams of love. Nadia has suitors, but she refuses them. The girl often talks with Molotov, a regular guest in their house. She turns to him with a variety of questions. It seems to Nadia that Molotov is somewhat different from other acquaintances. Molotov comes to the artist Mikhail Mikhailovich Cherevanin, a relative of Dorogov. Mikhail Mikhailovich is a talented and original person, but fickle. He was unlucky in love and became a cynic. Once he loved the comfort of home, and now he settled in an untidy workshop in Peski. Molotov finds a company of carousing youth at Cherevanin, among whom he is surprised to notice the sons of familiar officials. Tipsy young men rant about topical issues. Molotov and Cherevanin, leaving the merry guests, go to Nevsky. Molotov reproaches the artist for his disorderly life. He describes his state of mind: everything is indifferent, everything seems insignificant. Cherevanin calls his way of thinking "cemetery". As a child, he lived near a cemetery and has since learned to see the dark side of everything. However, the artist promises to start a new life, to work hard. Evening at the Dorokhovs'. Here are Molotov, and Cherevanin, and young Kasimov, who just yesterday wanted to become an artist, and now is glad that he got the job of an official. Molotov talks about the beginning of his career. He became an official not by vocation, but at the invitation of a friend who got him a position... Yegor Ivanovich does not want to continue the story. Ignat Vasilyich retires to the office with the secretary of the state general Podtyazhin. Cherevanin tells Molotov about his not entirely successful attempts to start a new life. Nadya, alone with Cherevanin, asks him about Molotov. The artist recalls how Molotov was appointed to the investigation into the case of a woman who killed her husband. Yegor Ivanovich took pity on the criminal, and since then he believes that it is not the people who are to blame for the atrocities, but the environment. He became condescending to everyone, but not to himself. The father announces to Nadia that General Podtyazhin is wooing her. The girl is horrified: the general is unpleasant to her. But parents do not want to hear about the refusal. Nadia decides to consult with Molotov. The conversation ends with Nadia and Yegor Ivanovich declaring their love for each other. Molotov asks for the hand of Nadezhda Ignatovna. But Ignat Vasilyich is furious - he is especially outraged that his daughter kissed Molotov. Egor Ivanych is denied the house, and the father orders his daughter to put Molotov out of his head. Cherevanov comforts Nadya, advises her not to be afraid of anything and to stand her ground. Three days pass. The Dorogovs are celebrating the name day of Nadezhda Ignatovna. Cherevanov, in a conversation with Nadya, caustically characterizes the guests. Ignat Vasilyich, in front of everyone, calls Nadya the bride of General Podtyazhin. However, Nadia announces that she will only marry Molotov. Numerous relatives are amazed by this scene. The next day, having met with Dorogov, they advise him to open Nadia's eyes to Molotov: he is both an atheist, they say, and a debauchee. There is some truth in these accusations: indeed, Molotov had a mistress. However, Nadia does not want to believe anything. Then the father announces to his daughter that she will remain an old maid. Nadia is afraid that her father will raise a hand against her. Seeing the horror on his daughter's face, Ignat Vasilyich begins to feel guilty before her, but he somehow lacks the determination to forgive Nadia. Molotov spends his time waiting. Finally, unable to bear inaction, he goes to General Podtyazhin and explains that Nadya loves him, Molotov. The general, without hesitation, agrees to abandon such an eccentric girl and decides to marry Kasimov’s daughter. Yegor Ivanovich and Podtyazhin go together to the Dorogovs. The general explains to Ignat Vasilich. He is somewhat discouraged, but there is nothing to do... Nadya's parents agree to her marriage to Molotov. Molotov tells his bride about his past. After being disappointed in the official service, he tried to do free labor, tried various professions, worked at an inn, was a teacher, a writer, but realized that the department provides a person better. He wanted money, comfort, "philistine happiness" and had to become an official again. Not everyone is given to be heroes, and therefore it remains only to "honestly enjoy life." Nadia agrees with her fiancé in everything. Author of the retelling: O. V. Butkova Essays on the Bursa (1862 - 1863) Huge dirty school room. Classes are over, and the students are having fun with games. Quite recently, the "period of forced education" ended, when everyone, regardless of age, had to take a full course of science. Now the "law of great age" has begun to operate - upon reaching a certain age, a student is expelled from school, and he can become a clerk, sexton, or novice. Many cannot find a place for themselves. There are rumors that such people will be taken as soldiers. There are over a hundred people in the class. Among them are twelve-year-old children and adults. They play "pebbles", "shvychki", "lean", "fast". All games are necessarily associated with causing each other pain: pinching, clicking, hitting, and so on. Nobody wants to play with Semyonov, a sixteen-year-old boy, the son of a parish priest. Everyone knows that Semyonov is a fiscal man. The class is getting dark. The students are having fun by singing and playing noisy games of “little pile”, but suddenly everything calms down. In the darkness you can hear someone being whipped. These comrades are punishing fiscal Semenov. Embittered, Semenov runs to complain. Classes begin. Someone is sleeping, someone is talking... The main method of studying in Bursats is meaningless “dragging”, cramming. That's why no one wants to study. An inspector and Semyonov appear in the classroom, complaining about their offenders. One of them, on the orders of the inspector, is flogged and they promise to flog every tenth student the next day. The Bursaks decide to take revenge on Semyonov. At night, they insert a “pfimfu”, that is, a cone with burning cotton, into his nose. Semyonov ends up in the hospital, and he himself does not know what happened to him. By order of the authorities, many are flogged, and many in vain. Early morning. Bursatsky bedroom. The students are woken up and taken to the bathhouse. They walk through the city noisily, quarreling with all passers-by. After the bath, they scatter around the city in search of what is lying badly. The students are especially distinguished by their nicknames Aksyuta and Satan. Having eaten the stolen goods, the students are in a good mood and tell each other in class legends about the former times of the school: about the tricks of the students, about how they used to flog... Classes begin. Teacher Ivan Mikhailovich Lobov first flogs Aksyuta, who has not learned his lesson, then asks the others, distributing punishments. During class he has breakfast. Lobov never explains the lesson. The next lesson - Latin - is taught by teacher Dolbezhin. He also flogs everyone, but his students love him: Dolbezhin is honest, does not take bribes and does not favor fiscal officials. The third teacher, nicknamed Old Man, is especially ferocious when drunk: along with flogging, he also uses other, more sophisticated physical punishments. Aksyutka is hungry: Lobov ordered to leave him without lunch until he moves to Kamchatka. Aksyutka either studies well and sits at the first desk, or she doesn’t study at all. Lobov is tired of such changes: he prefers that Aksyutka never study. In the courtyard of the school, two women - an old woman and a thirty-year-old woman - are waiting for the director and throw themselves at his feet. It turns out that this is a "fixed bride" with her mother, who came "for the grooms." The fact is that after the death of a clergyman, his place is "assigned" to the family, that is, it passes to the one who agrees to marry his daughter. The clerk and her daughter have to go to the bursa to find a "breadwinner". A new type of teacher is emerging in the bursa. Among them, Petr Fedorovich Krasnov. He, in comparison with others, is a kind and delicate person, opposes too cruel punishments, however, he abuses moral punishments, mocking ignorant students in front of the whole class. Aksyutka, together with another student nicknamed Satan, manages to steal bread from the Bursat baker Tsepka. Aksyutka infuriates Tsepka, he chases after the impudent student, while Satan steals bread. The attendant calls the grooms - to look at the bride. The authorities recognize Vasenda, Azinus, Aksyutka as fit suitors. The first two are the inhabitants of "Kamchatka", who are engaged only in ecclesiastical sciences. Vasenda is a practical, solid person, Azinus is a stupid, careless person. Bursaks go to the bride. Vasenda does not like both the bride and the place, but Azinus decides to marry, although the bride is much older than him. Aksyutka simply called himself a groom to eat from the bride and steal something. And in the bursa they are starting a new game - a parody of a wedding... Karas from early childhood dreamed of a bursa, for his older brothers were bursaks and were very proud of him. When a novice Karas is brought to the bursa, he rejoices. But ridicule, various bullying from his comrades immediately poured on him. On the first day he is whipped. Karas enters the seminary choir. Instead of singing, he only tries to open his mouth. Comrades "name" him Karas, the ceremony of "reproaching" is very insulting, Karas fights with the offenders, and Lobov, who caught the fight scene, orders Karas to be whipped. This cruel flogging produces a fracture in the soul of Karas - a terrible hatred for the bursa appears, dreams of revenge. A student nicknamed Silych, the first hero of the class, declares that he will patronize Karas so that no one dares to offend him. Under this protection Karashu becomes easier to live. He himself tries to protect the "oppressed", especially the bursat fools. Karas resolutely denies the Bursak science, does not want to study. Vsevolod Vasilyevich Razumnikov, a teacher of church singing, the law of God and sacred history, is a rather progressive teacher: he introduces a system of mutual teaching. But Karas cannot comprehend church singing, and Razumnikov punishes him: he does not let him go home on Sundays. The danger hangs over Karas that he will not be allowed to go home for Easter. Arithmetic teacher Pavel Alekseevich Livanov arrives. He is helpless when drunk, and the Bursaks mock him. On Saturday, Karas does all sorts of outrageous things out of frustration that he is not allowed home. It’s a Sunday afternoon in Bursa, and Karas begins to think about escape. He heard that some of the younger “runners” were caught, but were forgiven, others were whipped, but still they did not notice that somewhere in the wood yard the fugitives were “being saved.” But on the same day, the captured “runner” Menshinsky is brought in. He is whipped half to death, and then taken on a matting to the hospital. The crucian carp gives up thoughts of escape. He decides to "escape" from church singing in the hospital. He manages to get sick, the terrible lesson takes place without him, and Karas is sent home for Easter... A new caretaker appears at the bursa. The former one, nicknamed the Astrologer, was a kind man and, unable to bear the horrors of the bursa, preferred to retire to his apartment, which gave him great mystery in the eyes of the bursaks. In general, by this time a lot had changed in the school: punishments had been softened, there were fewer overage students... Author of the retelling: O. V. Butkova << Back: Nikolai Semenovich Leskov 1831-1895 (Nowhere. Novel (1864). Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk. Tale (1865). Warrior. Tale (1866). On Knives. Novel (1870-1871). Cathedrals. Novel chronicle (1872). The sealed angel. Tale (1873) . The Enchanted Wanderer. A Tale (1873). The Tale of the Tula Scythe Lefty and the Steel Flea. A Guild Legend. A Story (1881). The Stupid Artist. A Story at the Grave (1883)) >> Forward: Pyotr Dmitrievich Boborykin 1836-1921 (The Evening Sacrifice. A novel in four books (1867). Kitay-Gorod. A novel in five books (1881))
▪ General hygiene. Lecture notes ▪ History of political and legal doctrines. Crib
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024 Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024 Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
▪ Microwave guns for launching rockets and spacecraft ▪ Candies that restore tooth enamel ▪ TV controlled by the power of thought ▪ Technology at the tip of a golden hair ▪ Electrical brain stimulation and creativity
▪ section of the website Experiments in Physics. Selection of articles ▪ article What is your name now? Popular expression ▪ article Midwife examination room. Job description ▪ article Switches on transistors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering ▪ article Money doesn't burn. Focus secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page